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Biomedical subjects

D Kampf

Publications and source records attributed to D Kampf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Ultrasound in diffuse renal parenchymal disease (author's transl)].

Ultrasound examinations were compared with histopathological findings in 22 patients with diffuse renal parenchymal disease (glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, glomerulosclerosis). The echogenicity of the renal parenchyma was graded by comparing it with the echogenicity of the liver, the spleen and the renal sinus and correlated with glomerular and interstitial findings. There was a direct correlation between echo intensity of the renal parenchyma and severity of renal parenchyma and severity of renal interstitial disease. Glomerular changes intensified the echogenicity of the parenchyma, but grading was not possible. Ultrasound is capable of documenting the course of disease and recognizing complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cefoxitin pharmacokinetics: relation to three different renal clearance studies in patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency.

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were examined in 4 healthy volunteers, 6 patients with normal renal function (inulin clearance, greater than 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and 35 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency (inulin clearance, 80 to less than 5 ml/min per 1.73 m2). A single dose of 30 mg of cefoxitin per kg of body weight was injected intravenously over 3 min. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma were determined by the agar diffusion technique. The cefoxitin half-life increased progressively from 39 min in subjects with normal renal function to 23.5 h in oligoanuric patients. Correspondingly, total body clearance decreased from 340 to 13 ml/min per 1.73 m2. In addition to the study of cefoxitin kinetics, in 29 of the 41 patients, three different renal clearance tests were performed (inulin, p-aminohippurate, and creatinine clearances). Of these, p-aminohippurate clearance showed the best correlation with the elimination rate constant beta as well as total body clearance of cefoxitin; but with respect to beta, the differences between the p-aminohippurate and creatinine clearances were quantitatively negligible. Therefore, even in substances which are eliminated predominantly by active tubular secretion, creatinine clearance could be recommended for dosage adjustments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, an indicator of drug metabolizing enzyme activity, in patients with impaired renal function.

The urinary excretion rate of D-glucaric acid, an in vivo parameter of the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, has been determined in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate 4.5-80 ml/min/1.73m2). The mean value of 22.3 mu moles/d (SD 7.2; n 28) was almost identical to that of healthy controls (22.1 mu moles/d, SD 7.3; n 22). Thus, no inhibitory or enhancing effect of renal insufficiency could be detected. The ability of this parameter to indicate alterations in the activity of hepatic drug metabolism, even in patients with renal insufficiency, was demonstrated by the increased excretion rate of glucaric acid (107 mu moles/d, SD 43.5; n 8; p less than 0.001) after treatment for 7 days with the enzyme inducer phenobarbital. No significant correlation was found between glucaric acid excretion and sex, age, body weight or body surface in 50 patients. Glucaric acid excretion, therefore, should not be related to the creatinine content of urine samples, since creatinine excretion decreases with severity of renal insufficiency and varies with sex, age, body weight and many other conditions. A single dose of dipyrone (Novalgin¿), a further in vivo indicator of drug metabolism, increased glucaric acid excretion on the same day, but no interference was found after a single dose of cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Etiological aspects of double monsters.

Four cases of double monsters are reported, including a rare case of craniofacial duplication (diprosopus). Based on the findings observed, etiological factors of these malformations are discussed. We suggest that exogenous (environmental) factors such as habits, way of life or religious practices of certain populations can influence the development of double monsters.

Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid↗
PubMed1980

Renal function and biopsy in patients on lithium-therapy.

The renal function of 46 outpatients from a lithium-clinic was examined in detail during 5 days of hospitalization on a nephrological ward. Lithium medication was stopped seven days before admission. In approximately 25% of the examined patients, a lithium-induced nephropathia must be assumed. Irreversibility of the disturbances cannot be excluded. The characteristic feature of this patient population is to be seen in an exclusive reduction of the renal concentrating ability. Urine osmolality showed a significant negative correlation to the product of duration of treatment times lithium serum concentration. In all patients with a reduced GFR a preexisting kidney disease could be demonstrated. The degree of polyuria was not related to the observed impairment of renal function. On the average it took seven years until a reduced concentration ability became apparent; the minimal time interval was three years. The lithium-associated nephropathy may be characterized as a rather frequently occurring damage of the kidney interstitium being dependent on serum-lithium concentration and duration of treatment. Progress of these pathological changes is obviously very slow and accompanied by only few and mild clinical symptoms. Kidney biopsy in 4 cases revealed focal fibrosis and tubular degeneration as has been described by other authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Estimation of 131I-Iodohippurate-clearance by a simplified method using a single plasma sample (author's transl)].

Theoretical volumes calculated from the reciprocal of the plasma concentration after intravenous injection of 131I-Iodohippurate were compared in 95 patients with clearance values calculated by the 2-compartment-method and in 18 patients with conventional PAH-clearance. For estimating Hippurate-clearance from a single blood sampling the most favorable time is 45 min. after injection (r = 0.96; clearance < 400/ml/min.: r = 0.98). Clearance values may be derived from the formula: C = 0.4 + 7.26 V - 0.021 . V2 (V = injected activity/activity per l plasma taken 45 min. after injection). The simplicity, precision and reproducibility of the above mentioned clearance-method is emphazised.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Efficacy of an unselected protein diet (25 g) with minor oral supply of essential amino acids and keto analogues compared with a selective protein diet (40 g) in chronic renal failure.

The efficacy of a mixed protein-poor diet (25 g) with an intake of only 12 tablets of essential amino acids or keto analogues (= 0.9 Rose units) was compared with that of a selective protein diet (40 g). Twenty-eight patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 13.2 +/- 5.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2) were included in the prospective study with four periods of 3 months each. Each patient served as his own control. The mixed protein-poor diet showed a better patient compliance irrespective of the type of supplement. In addition, the essential amino acid supplementations showed no advantages over the standard diet. In patients with a creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min, the keto analogue supplementation led to an improvement of the uremic intoxication and the nutritional state. An increase in renal function was not observed. The phosphate decrease occurred even when there were signs of portein malnutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Epidural analgesia in labour performed by obstetricians.

The use of epidural analgesia by obstetricians in 2,645 women in labour is reported. The use of this technique as one of the routine methods is proposed even in those centres where no anaesthetist for pain relief is available for the 24-hour period. This is possible by the previous training of obstetricians. Advantages, side-effects and complications of epidural analgesia are discussed.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1980

Effects of impaired renal function, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin.

The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin were examined in 8 patients with normal renal function (inulin clearance, > 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 32 patients with moderately reduced renal function (inulin clearances, 80 to 5 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and 12 patients maintained by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis because of severely impaired renal function. A single dose of 60 mg of mezlocillin per kg of body weight was infused intravenously over 30 min. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma, urine, and dialysate were determined by the agar diffusion technique. The half-life of mezlocillin increased with decreasing renal function from an average of 53 min in subjects with normal function to 165 min in oligoanuric patients. The urinary recovery of this drug in 24 h decreased from 65% at a glomerular filtration rate of 92 ml/min to 7.6% at a glomerular filtration rate of 6.7 ml/min. Volume of distribution was not changed by the renal insufficiency, amounting on the average to 22.5% of body weight. Intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis contributed to only a minor degree to the 24-h mezlocillin kinetics. The pharmacokinetic properties of mezlocillin permit a normal dosage over wide ranges of renal insufficiency; however, when the glomerular filtration rate is below 10 ml/min, the dosage interval should be increased from 8 to 12 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human chorionic gonadotropin in intrauterine device users.

Measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone were carried out by means of radioimmunoassays in 21 women with regular menstruating cycles, using an intrauterine device (IUD). Serum HCG was undetectable in 10 women. In 11 women very small amounts of HCG were detected, all under 3 mIU/ml. HCG curves were inactive and flat; in one case the highest level of HCG coincided with the LH peak; in another case HCG was detected in spite of lack of ovulation. These facts suggest a cross-reactivity of LH and no real presence of HCG.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The diuretic activity of bumetanide in a controlled comparison with furosemide in patients with various degrees of impaired renal function (author's transl)].

The effect of bumetanide (6 and 12 mg) was compared with that of furosemide (250 and 500 mg) in 13 patients with chronic renal insufficiency in a double-blind study using each patient as his own control. In the dose ratio of 1:40 previously obtained in normal subjects furosemide showed a significantly higher diuretic response than bumetanide. Comparing the relative natriuretic effects in chronic renal insufficiency a ratio of 1:10 to 1:12 (B:F) seemed to be adequate. More than 12 mg bumetanide cannot be recommended because of the severe muscle pains which occurred in all patients with that dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

HLA-antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Histocompatibility antigens were determined in 27 patients with SLE and 283 normal blood donors. HLA-B8 was significantly increased in patients with SLE (59.3%) as compared to the controls (20.5%, Pc less than 0.005). The relative risk for HLA-B8 was 5.64. No correlation could be demonstrated to specific organ involvement, immunopathological data, age of onset or prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A technique for management of obstructed labour with antenatal fetal death.

A technique for management of obstructed labour associated with fetal death is presented. The new method makes it possible to decrease fetal head size by evacuation of brain tissue by suction using thoracic-type trocar. Three patients with obstructed labour and fetal death were managed successfully using this technique. The method permits a decrease of fetal head size easily and rapidly, avoiding the risks of other techniques. Moreover, its use makes it possible to eliminate craniotomy from obstetric practice. The method should be equally suitable for cases of major hydrocephaly.

Brain↗