Biomedical subjects

D L James

Publications and source records attributed to D L James.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Influence of nicotine gum on acute cravings for cigarettes.

Reviews of nicotine gum trials generally confirm the efficacy of this substitute in smoking cessation. However, little research has considered the efficacy of nicotine gum as a method for alleviating acute cravings in situations where smokers are not permitted to smoke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of nicotine gum in alleviating acute cravings for cigarettes using the subjective multi-dimensional Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) and the objective progressive ratio (PR) measures of craving. Forty-five regular smokers participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. All participants were required to abstain from cigarettes for a period of 4 h. Fifteen of the participants were required to chew nicotine gum, 15 were required to chew placebo gum and 15 received no intervention during this abstinence period. All participants then completed the QSU, PR and mood and anxiety questionnaires. The results revealed that participants who had been in either of the gum conditions reported significantly lower QSU factor 1 and factor 2 craving scores after 4 h abstinence than those who had received no intervention. Although a significant partial correlation between QSU factor 1 and 2 scores and the number of reinforcers earned under the PR procedure was observed, the results revealed no significant difference between groups on measures of PR performance or mood and anxiety. Both nicotine and placebo gum are equally effective at reducing acute cravings for cigarettes.

Affect↗

PubMed2001

Field-deployable sniffer for 2,4-dinitrotoluene detection.

A field-deployable instrument has been developed to detect low-level 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) vapors. The system is based on previously developed artificial nose technology and employs an array of sensory materials attached to the distal tips of an optical fiber bundle. Both semiselective and nonspecific, cross-reactive sensors were employed. Each sensor within the array responds differentially to vapor exposure so the array's fluorescence response patterns are unique for each analyte. The instrument is computationally "trained" to discriminate target response patterns from nontarget and background environments. This detection system has been applied to detect 2,4-DNT, an analyte commonly detected on the soil surface above buried 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) land mines, in spiked soil and aqueous and ground samples. The system has been characterized and demonstrated the ability to detect 120 ppb 2,4-DNT vapor in blind (unknown) humidified samples during a supervised field test.

Carcinogens↗

PubMed1983

Upper and lower airway disease in penicillamine treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Four of 133 patients with rheumatoid arthritis suddenly developed progressive respiratory symptoms while receiving penicillamine therapy. None had previous disease. None of 89 patients treated with gold alone and 0 of 380 not taking gold or penicillamine developed respiratory symptoms. Two of the 4 developed simultaneous severe, unresponsive sinusitis. Lung biopsy demonstrated obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in 2 patients, fibrosing alveolitis in one. A clinical course characteristic of OB was noted in the 4th patient. Sinus biopsy in 2 demonstrated lymphocytic and plasmacytic mucosal infiltration. The high frequency of OB in penicillamine treated patients and its absence in 469 non penicillamine treated patients suggests the possibility of a causal relationship.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗