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Biomedical subjects

D Lohmann

Publications and source records attributed to D Lohmann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[A careful method for the collection of pancreatic tissue for special morphological and biochemical studies].

The examination of pancreas tissue is of essential necessity for special diagnostic problems and for the clarification of the etiology of pancreas diseases. The needle biopsy--mostly used--not always delivers sufficient material and is combined with uncontrollable complications. A new method is described in this paper which allows to obtain specimens of the pancreas during abdominal operations in a safty manner. Examples are demonstrated which establish the usefulness of the method for different examinations (light- and electron microscopy, immunhistology, histochemistry and biochemistry). In 48 cases no complications were observed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural, immunohistological, and clinical findings in the pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of long duration.

Electron microscopical and immunohistological findings in small biopsies obtained at surgery from two subjects with longstanding type-I-diabetes [insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)] are described and demonstrated in relation to clinical data. The main findings are the first electron microscopical demonstration of A cells scattered as single cells in the exocrine pancreatic tissue and the detection of intermediate cells of the acinar-A cell type. Intermediate cells have never been reported before in the pancreas of diabetes in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[First experiences with short-term lithium therapy in severe thyrotoxicosis].

Even nowadays the therapy of severe, particularly of contrast remedy-induced hyperthyroidism is not without any problems. According to reports in literature the application of lithium salts seems to be an expedient from this dilemma. We controlled the effect of a short-term lithium therapy of 7 days in combination with methimazole in comparison to a group with methimazole monotherapy. The examination showed a good effectiveness and tolerability of the lithium methimazole therapy. While the decrease of the thyroxin concentration in the two groups was not different, in the group with combined therapy a more rapid per cent decrease of the triiodothyronine concentration appeared. In primarily strict selection of the therapy severe side-effects are not to be expected. According to the results yielded up to now the described form of therapy is an actual enrichment for selected forms of hyperthyreosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Causes of insulin secretion disorders in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Comparison of in vivo results with examinations of isolated islet cells].

Non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDD) used in our experiments do not or in a small extend only respond to glucose; but glucagon and tolbutamide loads result in an increased insulin secretion. In contrast, pancreatic islets isolated from biopsies of the pancreas do not show any differences in insulin secretion, biosynthesis and content between NIDD and control groups. Some reasons of these differences between in vivo and in vitro results are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Insulin secretion in maturity-onset- diabetes--indications for etiopathogenesis and therapy].

Primary diabetes mellitus is usually subdivided into the types JOD and MOD. In MOD different insulin secretion patterns may be found. The authors have checked the frequency of the different patterns of disturbed insulin secretion in a number of 130 indiscriminate MOD-patients. It was investigated to what extent the insulin values correlated with the fasting blood glucose level. The results show that in fasting blood sugar values up to 140 mg/dl a highly different behaviour of the insulin secretion is present. In this range different etiopathogenetic clinical pictures certainly exist. With increasing blood sugar values a reduction of the insulin secretion is to be expected with increasing probability. In 24% of the patients an increase of the insulin levels in the blood after administration of glucose was missing altogether. In 96% of the patients with MOD additional stimulation by glucagon led to a significant increase of the insulin levels in the blood. As concerns treatment a still existing own insulin secretion of the patients should be assumed in those cases where the blood sugar values are only slightly elevated. It is not possible to derive the necessity of an additional treatment with sulfonylureas from the fasting blood sugar level or from the insulin values alone.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

[Changing of therapeutic habits in the drug therapy of high blood pressure].

The evaluation of special literature shows that in recent years a considerable change took place in the recommendations concerning the medicamentous therapy of high blood pressure. According to this the beta-receptor blockers took the first place, whereas the Rauwolfia-preparations increasingly receded into the background. An analysis of the consumption of antihypertensive drugs in the County of Leipzig resulted in the fact that the newer scientific knowledge is only very slowly followed in practice; thus the Rauwolfia-preparations are still at the top in the prescription of antihypertensive drugs. The results show that increased troubles are necessary to transfer scientific knowledge more quickly into practice. The ways to this are shown.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Insulin secretion in maturity-onset-diabetes. Function of isolated islets.

An impaired insulin response to glucose is a characteristic finding in maturity onset diabetes (MOD). To clarify whether the decreased insulin response in vivo is related to a primary defect of the beta-cells, isolated islets of MOD - obtained by intraoperative biopsy - were examined for their insulin content, biosynthesis and release. The in vitro experiments showed that despite a missing or significantly reduced insulin response in vivo the isolated beta-cells of the same patients had a normal insulin content, a normal or even high biosynthesis, and insulin release could be induced by glucose. These results suggest that the primary defect in MoD cannot be related to an intrinsic failure of the beta-cells to response to glucose; extrapancreatic factors seem to influence their reaction to glucose. These factors may be of a higher level in those patients or the reaction of the beta-cells is more inhibited by the same concentrations in diabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Personal experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

It is reported on an interdisciplinary team consisting of internists, radiologists and urologists which treated twelve patients with suspicion of primary hyperparathyroidism. The diagnostics is performed in form of a three-step progamme. A great importance is still ascribed to hypercalcaemia and therefore it serves as leading symptom. By means of the selective determination of parathormones no clear side classification could be achieved. In ten patients the operation could successfully be finished with the exstirpation of one or more adenomas of the parathyroid glands. A special importance deserves the intensive postoperative control with regular determinations of serum calcium in order to encounter in time a hypocalcaemia with tetanies by applications of calcium. It is referred to the necessity to search for an adenoma of the parathyroid gland at the slightest suspicion of the presence of a primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Endocrine and exocrine functional disorders in pancreatic diabetes].

In diabetic diseases of pancreatic origin we find three typical patterns of insulin secretion. The different insulin secretion allows a clear distinction of a diabetes of the maturity onset type and of the juvenile onset type type on the one hand and of a diabetes caused by a pancreatitis on the other hand. In a pancreatitis we see the expected reduction of the exocrine function. In the so called maturity onset diabetes a slight reduction of excretory functions could be seen. These results suggest that in maturity onset diabetes only a selective defect of the beta-cells exists, while in juvenile onset diabetes a destruction or reduction of beta-cells but an intact excretory function may be assumed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Physical activity in the prevention of arteriosclerosis].

Epidemiological investigations show that morbidity rate and severity of coronary sclerosis seem to decrease in regular physical activity. The influence of regular physical activity on coronary factors of risk, such as hypertension, fat parameters, glucose tolerance, and uric acid is summarized with the help of literary data. An essential intermediary role seems to belong to the height of the insulin levels in the metabolic factors of risk. The result of own investigations was that by training basic and stimulated insulin secretion clearly diminish. Apart from this, during physical load particularly an increased rate of lipolysis is reduced during physical load. Together with a decrease of lipogenesis the two factors might play an essential role in the prevention of coronary sclerosis by regular physical activity.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1978

[Influence of oral antidiabetics on the fat metabolism in diabetics].

In the therapy of diabetes mellitus the avoidance of the late cardiovascular complications is at present the largest problem. By the American UGDP-study the attention was paid to an increased death rate of cardiovascular diseases induced possibly by sulfonyl ureas. Since it is ascertained that the disturbance of the fat metabolism which at the same time is frequently present also in diabetes mellitus significantly disturbs the risk for cardiovascular diseases the problem was pursued, to what extent the parameters of the fat metabolism are unfavourably influenced by a therapy with sulfonyl ureas. The result of the investigations was that by an additional intake of 5 mg glibenclamide a day in the usual dietetotherapy with clear improvement of the carbohydrate metabolism there appear no changes in the level of the triglycerides, the cholesterol or the beta-lipoproteids in the serum. By means of this a clear effect of the sulfonyl-ureas on the fat metabolism could be proved.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1978

Diminished insulin response in highly trained athletes.

Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance were examined in 6 highly conditioned athletes in comparison with a control group of 115 normal healthy persons. During glucose infusion the athletes showed low insulin secretion although there was no difference in the levels of blood glucose compared to the control group. It is concluded that under physiologic conditions the extent of insulin secretion is not dependent only upon the blood glucose levels. The results show that a lack of insulin response can occur as a consequence of adaption to physical training. A reduced insulin response, therefore, does not necessarily indicate a diabetic or prediabetic state.

Adult↗