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Biomedical subjects

D Lolis

Publications and source records attributed to D Lolis.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Radiocesium levels measured in breast milk one year after the reactor accident at Chernobyl.

One hundred-two samples of colostral milk, collected during spring of 1987, approximately one year after the reactor accident at Chernobyl, were measured for radiocesium contamination. The data showed a normal-type distribution with a mean contamination concentration of 16.4 Bq L-1. A weak correlation of the data to the mothers' diet was established by taking into account four of the main staples in the area. The corresponding transfer coefficient was deduced with a value of fm = 0.06 +/- 0.03 d L-1. The resultant effective dose received by breast-feeding infants was estimated, on the average, as 0.012 mrem d-1.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Effect of cimetidine on maternal and fetal prolactin secretion during labor.

Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, is a potent stimulant of PRL secretion in normal women. In the present study, the PRL response to cimetidine was studied in 34 normal pregnant women and their fetuses during labor. Serum maternal PRL levels increased significantly after the acute iv injection of 400 mg cimetidine 30-45 min before delivery (10 women) as compared to 7 control women given saline. However, PRL levels in serum of umbilical vein and artery did not increase. Similar results concerning PRL levels in umbilical vein and artery serum were obtained when cimetidine was injected 10-20 min (8 women), 60-75 min (8 women) and 90-120 min (8 women) before delivery. It is suggested that fetal pituitary lactotrops are not responsive to cimetidine stimulation.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of premenstrual mastalgia with tamoxifen.

Thirty-four women with normal menstrual cycles but suffering from severe premenstrual mastalgia were randomly treated with either tamoxifen (10 mg daily) (18 women) or placebo (16 women) from cycle day 5 to 24 for six consecutive cycles. At the end of the treatment, 89% of the tamoxifen-treated patients were free from the symptoms and the remainder experienced partial alleviation. In contrast, six patients treated with placebo showed only partial alleviation (38%) (p less than 0.001). Twelve months after the end of tamoxifen treatment, 53% of the medicated women were still free of symptoms as compared with none of the placebo-treated patients. These results suggest that tamoxifen is highly effective for the management of severe premenstrual mastalgia and should be useful for the treatment of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histamine H1 receptor participation in the control of prolactin secretion in postpartum.

It has been reported that cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, stimulates PRL secretion in postpartum. In the present study, the PRL response to two H1-receptor antagonists, promethazine and d-chlorpheniramine, was studied in 38 normal puerperal women on day 1 after delivery. Serum PRL levels decreased significantly after a single dose of promethazine (100 mg) given im (5 women) or d-chlorpheniramine (20 mg) given iv (6 women). In contrast, no significant change in PRL levels was observed after only saline infusion (6 women). Promethazine, given concomitantly to an iv bolus injection of TRH (200 micrograms) (6 women) and d-chlorpheniramine, given at the onset of suckling (6 women), did not alter stimulation of PRL release induced by these challenges. These results suggest the involvement of histamine H1 receptors in the regulation of basal PRL secretion in postpartum and would indicate that they do not participate in the mechanisms underlying suckling-induced PRL release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Carcinoembryonic antigen in high risk pregnancies.

The significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement was evaluated in 25 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, 15 Rh negative sensitized and nine prolonged pregnancies. Another 114 women with normal pregnancy served as controls. Values in maternal and umbilical cord serum and in amniotic fluid did not change appreciably through 24-42 weeks' gestation. No significant difference in maternal serum, cord serum and amniotic fluid CEA values was found between diabetic, Rh negative sensitized and normal pregnancies at the corresponding weeks. Similar findings were obtained in prolonged pregnancies, except the values in amniotic fluid which were significantly higher than in normal pregnancies due to the presence of meconium. These results suggest that the measurement of CEA in high risk pregnancies is not useful in predicting fetal condition.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of chronic prostatitis by consecutive per os administration of doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cephalexin.

Fifty men with cytologically confirmed chronic prostatitis were treated for 3 months by consecutive p.o. administration of doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cephalexin. The subjective symptoms, palpatory findings, secretory capacity of the accessory genital glands (values of acid phosphatase and fructose in the seminal plasma) were evaluated. The cytologic findings from the expressed prostatic fluid and semen analysis before and after the treatment were also studied. Approximately 60% of the patients were cured of the subjective symptoms. The palpatory findings disappeared in 50% of the cases. The cytologic findings became normal in 70% of the patients (inflammatory cells less than 25/HPF). The secretory function of the prostate and the seminal vesicles was improved in 50% and 25%, respectively, of the patients, and the quantitative and qualitative motility and viability of the spermatozoa after treatment were significantly enhanced.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Perinatal complications in elderly primigravidas.

To clinical problems encountered in a group of 1.179 elderly primigravidas (greater than 35 years) during pregnancy, labor and the neonatal period were studied in an eleven-year review and compared to a randomised group of 66.819 pregnant women. The incidence of toxemia and fibromyomas was significantly higher in the group of the elderly primigravidas than in the control group. Forceps and cesarean sections were performed more frequently in the elderly primigravidas. The perinatal mortality rate, congenital malformations, neonatal infections and respiratory distress were significantly higher in the first group. The reduce the forementioned perinatal complications, elderly primigravidas need intensive care in special units.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cardiovascular birth defects and antenatal exposure to female sex hormones.

The etiological correlations of congenital heart diseases to antenatal exposure of pregnant women to sex hormones were studied retrospectively. Of a total of 15,535 women who delivered between the years 1975-1977, 91 had babies with congenital heart disease (frequency 5.80/00). From these babies 11 were born to 559 mothers who had taken during pregnancy hormones of the estrogen-progesterone type (frequency 190/00). The remaining 80 babies were born to 14,976 mothers who had not taken such hormones (frequency 50/00). The main reason for having been given hormones were: bleeding of the first trimester in 80%, and the pregnancy test in 20%. Both groups of mothers had the same possibility for being affected by factors causing congenital heart diseases. An attempt is made to correlate the structure of the hormones given, the cause and time of the administration, the outcome of the newborn, and the type of heart disease.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1981

Bacterial contamination of the cervix and premature rupture of membranes.

The endocervical flora was examined in 32 women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Sixty-six pregnant women served as controls. Ten patients with PROM who later developed chorioamnionitis were also included in the study. Samples for culturing were obtained from the endocervix on admission and at delivery and later from the fetal surface of the placenta. Blood for culturing was also taken in cases of chorioamnionitis. The total number of bacteria in the endocervix and placenta was higher in patients with PROM. Anaerobes were the most common, except for the fetal surface of the placenta, where aerobes were found in greater numbers. Cultures of blood from women with chorioamnionitis were positive in seven cases. These findings suggest that the high incidence of pathogenic or potentially pathogenic cervical bacteria in pregnancy is related to chorioamnionitis and PROM.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Double-blind evaluation of miconazole tampons, compared with clotrimazole vaginal tablets, in vaginal candidiasis.

Fifty-one patients with vaginal candidiasis and positive cultures in Nickerson medium were treated either with two miconazole tampons daily for five days (26 patients, median age 28 years) or with one clotrimazole vaginal tablet daily for six days (25 patients, median age 36 years) in a randomized double-blind trial. Seven days after the end of the treatment, 24 (92%) patients in the miconazole group and 19 (76%) in the clotrimazole group had negative cultures. One month after the end of the treatment, the relapse rate was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the clotrimazole group. Symptoms subsided rapidly in both groups. No unwanted effects were reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies (values in maternal blood, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood).

Values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 100 pregnant women divided into 4 groups. In group 1 (49 normal pregnancies) and 2 (17 pre-eclamptic pregnancies), the estimation of CEA was done in maternal vein blood, umbilical cord blood and in amniotic fluid. In group 3 (20 normal pregnancies) CEA was measured separately in blood of the two umbilical vessels as well as in maternal vein blood. In group 4 (14 pregnancies with small-for-date infants) CEA was estimated in umbilical cord blood. The values in amniotic fluid of normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies were more than 20 times higher than in the other two compartments. A significant correlation was found between the amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood values (r = 0.500; P < 0.05), as well as between the values in umbilical artery and vein (r = 0.792; P < 0.001). Thus, it is thought that CEA is transferred from the amniotic cavity to the umbilical cord while a part of CEA perhaps is produced by the placenta. Umbilical cord blood values of small-for-date fetuses do not differ significantly from the normal. On the contrary, significantly lower values were obtained in umbilical cord blood and in amniotic fluid of pre-eclamptic women as compared to the normal, but this finding is not useful clinically because of the large standard deviation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

A study of the kinetics of cephapirin and cephalexin in pregnancy.

The kinetics of cephapirin and cephalexin were studied in 60 pregnant women after the administration of single 1 g doses of the antibiotics given by the intramuscular and oral route, respectively. Maternal serum, amniotic fluid and cord serum concentrations were measured at intervals after the dose by the agar diffusion method. The results showed that the mean peak concentration of cephalexin in maternal serum, after 1 hour, was significantly greater than that of cephapirin. Both antibiotics crossed the placenta barrier and reached levels in the amniotic fluid and cord serum adequate for the in vitro inhibition of pathogens involved in materno-foetal infections.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Ampicillin and gemtamicin in the treatment of fetal intrauterine infections.

The optimum clinical results in the treatment of fetal intrauterine infections are obtained by the administration of the appropriate antibiotic, which reaches an adequate concentration in the fetal serum. The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and gentamicin were studied in 60 pregnant women. Ampicillin and gentamicin were given intramuscularly prior to cesarean section. At delivery maternal serum, amniotic fluid and cord serum antibiotic levels were tested. Assays of the levels of antibiotic were performed by agar diffusion method using Staph. aureus A.C.T.C. 25923 (American Type Control Collection) and E. coli N.C.T.C 1346, as standard organisms. During peak time, concentration of ampicillin in the maternal serum was found to be significantly higher than those of the amniotic fluid and cord serum (p less than 0.001). Peak levels of the antibiotic in the amniotic fluid was also significantly higher than in the cord serum (p less than 0.001). Our results, also showed that the determined levels of ampicillin, especially during peak time, are sufficient to inhibit in vitro, a high proportion of infecting pathogens in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid, but have little effect against organisms in the fetal serum. Concentration of gentamicin in the maternal serum during peak time was found higher than those of the amniotic fluid, but there was not a significant difference. Maternal serum peak levels of the drug were also higher than in cord serum, with a very significant difference (p less than 0.001). Maximum levels of gentamicin in amniotic fluid were higher than in cord serum, also with a very significant difference, (p less than 0.001). Gentamicin levels in amniotic fluid and fetal serum, especially, during peak time, would be adequate to inhibit in vitro the most common pathogens, sensitive to the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Gentamicin in the treatment of lower genital tract infections: level of the drug in menses, cervical mucus and vaginal fluid.

The concentration of gentamicin in serum, menses, cervical mucus and vaginal fluid of 39 women under treatment with this antibiotic (80 mg every 8 hr i. m.) was tested by the agar diffusion method. The levels of the drug in the serum varied from 1.88-5.41 micrograms/ml with a peak one hour after the last dosage. In the menses the levels ranged from 2.06-5.87 micrograms/ml with a peak also one hour after the last dosage. The concentration of gentamicin in the cervical mucus and vaginal fluid varied from 0.67-5.14 micrograms/ml and 0.63-6.43 micrograms/ml with a peak three hours after the last administration of the drug. Results are briefly discussed.

Bacterial Infections↗