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Biomedical subjects

D Mathieu

Publications and source records attributed to D Mathieu.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in evaluating the spread and therapeutic strategy in cancer of the bladder].

Fifty four computed (CT) examinations were performed on patients with bladder carcinoma. A pathological assessment was obtained in 24 cases and the accuracy of CT in local staging was 91%. The accuracy of CT in detecting lymph nodes invasion was also 91%. Moreover, CT is helpful in the follow-up of patients under treatment. As it provides a correct pre-therapeutic evaluation in 83% cases, CT appears as an effective examination to perform in the evaluation of bladder carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[A case of septicemia by a Corynebacterium of the J. K. group].

We have reported a case of septicaemia caused by "Corynebacterium of group J. K." in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Recent studies by Riley (1978) have shown that the corynebacteria, saprophytes of the skin and mucosa have a resistance to common antibiotics. Corynebacteria that are only sensitive to virginiamycin and vancomycin are a potential danger for immunosuppressed patients and patients with artificial heart valves, the appropriate choice of antibiotic can be difficult in these patients.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

[Bacteriological study of hygienic conditions in the Department of Blood Diseases and Tumors of the Paul Brousse Hospital at Villejuif. I. The atmospheric flora].

Admission to hospital considerably increases the risk of cross infection. The sources of contamination are of exogenous origin (airborne flora) or endogenous (intestinal flora). Because of the great susceptibility of immunosuppressed patients to microbial agents, it is essential to treat them in a special environment in which there is rigorous attention to hygiene and asepsis. In order to ensure these optimal conditions have been attained, we have made a bacteriological survey for several months in the Service des Maladies Sanguines et Tumorales of the Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif. The first part of the survey has given an assessment of the efficiency of the positive pressure air filtration system in one of the units on the Service. Although it should not be neglected, the airborne microbial flora appears to have only a slight effect on the development of infections in our patients. By contrast, the endogenous flora is the main source of infection. Apart from infection via intravenous drips, it is essentially transmitted by direct contact with the nurses' hands or via a variety of instruments. On account of its importance the direct transmission will be described in the second part of this report.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1984

The value of computed tomography in osseous hydatid disease (echinococcosis).

The authors report three cases of osseous hydatid disease (echinococcosis) in which examination by computed tomography (CT) was found to be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Recognition of this rare bone infection in orthodox radiographs is notoriously difficult, but is aided by knowledge of the patient having lived in an area in which the disease is endemic. In two instances, one involving the shoulder and the other the thoracic spine, radiological abnormalities had been attributed at first to tuberculosis. In the third case, in which a destructive lesion in the sacrum had been interpreted correctly, CT studies provided confirmation of a recurrence. CT has proved to be an effective and sensitive method of demonstrating these destructive lesions in bone, of determining their spread, and of establishing the presence of other hydatid cysts in adjacent soft tissues. This technique has been found to be of value in preoperative planning of the surgical approach to hydatid lesions of the skeleton.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Primary dissecting aneurysms of the coronary arteries: case report and literature review.

We describe a case of dissecting aneurysm that occurred in a 33-year-old woman suffering from acute myocardial infarction, which was discovered by coronary angiography. Angiographic diagnosis of dissections is rare with only six such cases previously reported. Sixty cases in the literature are reviewed to ascertain the main characteristics of this rare entity. The distinct predominance of this disease among women, particularly post partum, suggests an hormonal influence on its pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A simplified acute physiology score for ICU patients.

We used 14 easily measured biologic and clinical variables to develop a simple scoring system reflecting the risk of death in ICU patients. The simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) was evaluated in 679 consecutive patients admitted to eight multidisciplinary referral ICUs in France. Surgery accounted for 40% of admissions. Data were collected during the first 24 h after ICU admission. SAPS correctly classified patients in groups of increasing probability of death, irrespective of diagnosis, and compared favorably with the acute physiology score (APS), a more complex scoring system which has also been applied to ICU patients. SAPS was a simpler and less time-consuming method for comparative studies and management evaluation between different ICUs.

Health↗
PubMed1984

Portal vein involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma: dynamic CT features.

The authors conducted a retrospective examination of 62 hepatocellular carcinomas, taking dynamic CT scans of selected sections after an intravenous contrast bolus. The proximal portal vein was involved in 40% of cases and the distal segment in 16%. Angiographic correlation was available in 23 patients. CT signs of main or lobar portal vein involvement included (a) hypodensity and enlargement, (b) periportal arterial hypervascularization surrounding the hypodense intraluminal region, (c) nonvisualization of the lobar portal vein, (d) arterioportal shunting, and (e) differences in lobar attenuation. The characteristic appearance of tumor within the portal vein was noted in many cases; in others, distinction between tumor and bland thrombus could not be made. Peripheral portal vein obstruction was suggested when a small, hypervascular tumor became hypodense during the portal phase of CT. The frequency and significance of these CT signs of portal vein involvement are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Transmission of chloroplast genes in triploid and tetraploid zygospores of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Roles of mating-type gene dosage and gametic chloroplast DNA content.

Diploid clones homozygous (mt(+)/mt(+) or mt(-)/mt(-)) or heterozygous (mt(+)/mt(-); phenotypically mt(-)) for the mating-type locus and homoplasmic for a chloroplast marker conferring resistance to an antibiotic were isolated by artificially induced cell fusion or sexual mating. These diploids were crossed with haploid or diploid strains of opposite mating type and carrying another chloroplast marker. The transmission of the chloroplast genes was analyzed in the triploid and tetraploid zygospores in comparison with diploid zygospores used as controls. The transmission was almost exclusively maternal (mt(+)) (>94%) in the crosses mt(+) x mt(-), mt(+)/mt(+) x mt(-), and mt(+)/mt(+) x mt(-)/mt(-). The transmission was preferentially maternal (>76%) in the crosses mt(+) x mt(-)/mt(-) whereas in the crosses mt(+) x mt(+)/mt(-), <50% of the zygospores transmitted the chloroplast allele of maternal (mt(+)) origin. The zygospores produced in crosses mt(+)/mt(+) x mt(+)/mt(-) transmitted the alleles from both parents in >60% of cases. The results show that (i) the presence of one mt(+) allele in the mt(+)/mt(-) (phenotypically mt(-)) diploid gametes and (ii) the higher amount of chloroplast DNA molecules (input) present in the diploid gametes versus the haploid ones favor the transmission of the chloroplast allele contributed by these gametes. Moreover, because the zygospores issued from crosses mt(+)/mt(+) x mt(-) and mt(+) x mt(+)/mt(-) were genotypically identical mt(+)/mt(+)/mt(-)) but behaved very differently in their chloroplast gene transmission, it was concluded that the molecular events leading to preferential elimination of paternal DNA copies must occur before the fusion of nuclei or chloroplasts in the newly formed zygotes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

CT features of iatrogenic hepatic arterioportal fistulae.

Peripheral arterioportal fistulae are a relatively frequent complication of hepatic biopsies and transhepatic catheterizations. Three cases were revealed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) and confirmed by angiography. The morphologic and densitometric characteristics of these arteriovenous fistulae on CT in most cases indicate the causal mechanism and eliminate consideration of tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hepatic angiosarcoma.

The computed tomographic findings of a case of hepatic angiosarcoma are presented. Although many findings are similar to hemangioma, some features can suggest the diagnosis of angiosarcoma.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

[Hepatic angioscanner in normal subjects and in patients with hepatic tumors. Hemodynamic and morphologic characteristics].

Hepatic angio-CT was performed according to a standardized schedule in 100 healthy subjects and 260 patients with a liver tumor. In normal subjects, it was possible to determine an arterial phase (15 s), a parenchymatous arterial phase (30 s), a parenchymatous portal phase (45 s) followed by a progressive return to liver densities observed before injection. a) Among the 62 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 56 were characterized by hypodensity, 3 cases by hyperdensity and 3 cases by isodensity before injection. After injection, slices obtained at the tumor level showed heterogeneous hypervascularisation in 34 cases, and an early homogeneous hypervascularisation (15th-30th s) in 7 small carcinomas (diameter less than 3 cm); a lesion was disclosed in the other hepatic lobe in 12 cases. Slices obtained at the level of the portal vein allowed to assess tumoral involvement in 61 p. 100 of cases. b) Out of 150 cases of hepatic metastases, a hypodense lesion surrounded by hypervascularisation just after injection was the most frequent aspect. c) Out of 40 cases of hemangiomas, lesions were hypodense and well limited in 37 cases; at the 15th s after injection, contrast medium accumulated at the periphery, then diffused to the center of the lesion. d) Adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasias appeared as hypodense lesions with precocious and fugacious hypervascularisation, and were characterized, although inconstantly, by the presence of fat and vessels in the hypodense central zone, respectively. These results provide a rational basis for a better diagnostic approach of liver tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions associated with normal cytotoxic functions of T and natural killer cells during chronic hemodialysis.

The cytotoxic capacities of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells and the phagocytic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined in a group of 20 patients with end stage disease who were being maintained on hemodialysis. The mononuclear cells from these patients were able to mediate normal T-cytotoxic functions in a xenogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis assay and normal NK cytotoxic capacity when tested against K562 target cells. Contrarily, polymorphonuclear functions in these patients were severely impaired. The reduction of Nitroblue tetrazolium in dark formazan (NBT test) and the direct phagocytosis of 2 pyogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium) were equally and deeply depressed in almost all patients. This defect was not restored either by 4 hr of hemodialysis nor by 12 months of treatment. This study confirms a major role for a defect of polymorphonuclear cell functions in the depressed defence of patients on chronic hemodialysis against infections.

Adult↗