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Biomedical subjects

D Mathieu

Publications and source records attributed to D Mathieu.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Periportal tuberculous adenitis: CT features.

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in six patients with periportal tuberculous adenitis were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the main morphologic features of the disease. In all patients, hypodense lymph nodes were observed close to the porta hepatis, with peripheral enhancement seen after administration of contrast material. In one patient, this hypodense adenopathy was associated with homogeneous, normally enhancing lymph nodes. These different features on the CT scans could signify the evolving pathologic stages of the disease, with early noncaseating granulomas and subsequent caseation necrosis. Recognition of these hypodense lymph nodes, especially in patients at risk, should help optimize the correct diagnosis of periportal tuberculous adenitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of the results of the detection of bacteriuria using the AUTOBAC apparatus and the classical method].

The comparative study of the results of detection of bacteriuria in 214 samples did not show an evidence of major discrepancies between the classical reference technique on solid media and the AUTOBAC technique on liquid media. The AUTOBAC provides a reliable and rapid test for bacteriuria which saves time and material for the laboratory. Although it has raised considerable interest, it should be used with caution in aplasic or immunodeficient patients in whom the classical criteria of urinary infection cannot be rigourously applied.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

CT features of cardio-pericardial masses.

The results of dynamic computed tomography (CT) in 13 patients with intracardiac filling defects and one with a pericardial lipoma are presented. The intracardiac filling defects were due to thrombus in five cases, myxoma in three, hydatid cysts in three, haemangiopericytoma in one and sarcoma in one. These kinds of lesions are well identified by CT which seems to be superior to echocardiography in the characterisation of the components and in the evaluation of the malignant spreading masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hematologic changes induced by extracorporeal circulation].

The plasma and cellular changes seen during the use of extracorporeal circulatory circuits define the system's degree of haemocompatibility. Heparin is still very much used to prevent activation of the blood clotting mechanisms and to reduce their effects. The fall in concentration of the clotting factors and their inhibitors is usually moderate; it is due to haemodilution, particularly important in cardiac surgery and during plasma exchanges. Fibrinolysis is often activated. In cardiac surgery, it is seen in nearly 20% of cases straight after the end of the ECC, and in nearly 80% of cases during the ECC. In all cases of resin haemoperfusion, there is an early transitory fibrinolytic burst, seen only rarely during haemodialysis and plasma exchanges. This phenomenon is usually well controlled by the natural inhibitors; it can be prevented by antifibrinolytic drugs. Cellular changes show the same trends during cardiac surgery, haemoperfusion and haemodialysis. Thrombopaenia is seen within a few minutes starting of ECC. It is caused by platelet activation, with aggregate formation; these are then trapped by the microcirculation. Leukopaenia occurs at the same time, later followed by rebound; complement activation could be the main cause by forming aggregates of polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes. Intravascular mechanical haemolysis reaches significant levels only in a few cardiac surgical procedures. The great speed of activation of the plasma and platelet enzyme systems by the ECC circuits explains these early changes. They are not only due to direct effects of the physiological circulatory characteristics and to contact with artificial surfaces, but also to plasma-cell interactions and to the patients' reaction to these first alterations.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1985

Portal thrombosis: dynamic CT features and course.

Portal thrombosis was diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) in 10 patients and confirmed by sonography. CT demonstrated decreased density of the portal vessels in 9 patients with peripheral arterial concentration of contrast material surrounding the intraluminal thrombus. In 1 patient, a fresh thrombus was seen as an increase in intraluminal density on the pre-contrast scan. The involved vessels were generally enlarged. Three patients had follow-up scans, which revealed a cavernoma in 2 and complete patency of the portal vein and its branches following anticoagulant therapy in 1. In the latter patient, localized abnormal intra-hepatic blood flow suggested infarction of portal origin as the result of clot migration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Portal cavernoma: dynamic CT features and transient differences in hepatic attenuation.

Sixteen portal cavernomas were examined with dynamic computed tomography (CT) and confirmed by sonography. Characteristic features included loss of the normal vascular structure and the presence of sinuous collateral pathways which were enhanced during the portal phase. Fifteen patients exhibited transient differences in hepatic attenuation and peripheral arterial concentration of contrast material. Increased arterial flow in the poorly perfused territories is suggested as a cause of these hemokinetic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dynamic CT features of hepatic abscesses.

Forty hepatic abscesses were examined with dynamic computed tomography (CT). A "double target sign," consisting of a hypodense central area surrounded by first a hyperdense ring and then a hypodense zone, seems to be highly suggestive of abscess formation. In 12 cases, the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the lesion demonstrated transient hyperdensity after contrast injection, possibly due to localized hepatic venous obstruction secondary to acute hepatic inflammation. This is similar to the appearance of an arterioportal fistula.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hypoxemia in acute pulmonary embolism.

Most patients with severe, acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have arterial hypoxemia. To further define the respective roles of ventilation to perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch and intrapulmonary shunt in the mechanism of hypoxemia, we used both right heart catheterization and the six inert gas elimination technique in seven patients with severe, acute PE (mean vascular obstruction, 55 percent) and hypoxemia (mean PaO2, 67 +/- 11 mm Hg). None had previous cardiopulmonary disease, and all were studied within the first ten days of initial symptoms. Increased calculated venous admixture (mean QVA/QT 16.6 +/- 5.1 percent) was present in all patients. The relative contributions of VA/Q mismatching and shunt to this venous admixture varied, however, according to pulmonary radiographic abnormalities and the time elapsed from initial symptoms to the gas exchange study. Although all patients had some degree of VA/Q mismatch, the two patients studied early (ie, less than 48 hours following acute PE) had normal chest x-ray film findings and no significant shunt; VA/Q mismatching accounted for most of the hypoxemia. In the others a shunt (3 to 17 percent of cardiac output) was recorded along with radiographic evidence of atelectasis or infiltrates and accounted for most of the venous admixture in one. In all patients, a low mixed venous oxygen tension (27 +/- 5 mm Hg) additionally contributed to the hypoxemia. Our findings suggest that the initial hypoxemia of acute PE is caused by an altered distribution of ventilation to perfusion. Intrapulmonary shunting contributes significantly to hypoxemia only when atelectasis or another cause of lung volume loss develops.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Risk of late sequelae and treatment by hyperbaric oxygen.

The indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in the treatment of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are discussed far too little in the literature. Depending on the author reasons for referral to a hyperbaric center include the carboxyhemoglobin level, change in state of consciousness or neurological abnormalities. In our opinion, HBO should be used on much wider indications than is usual, not only because of the rapid relief from symptoms it provides but mainly because it may prevent severe delayed sequelae. During a period of 9 months 230 patients with CO poisoning were admitted to our intensive care unit; 203 were treated with HBO and 27 with normobaric oxygen. Our indications for HBO treatment were: coma, pathological neurological findings or loss of consciousness during CO exposure irrespective of normal clinical findings on admission. Four patients died and the others were discharged 12 hours to 25 days after the incident. Seven patients had minor neurological problems within two weeks of discharge and which disappeared within one month. Two patients were re-hospitalized for neuropsychiatric sequelae and recovered in 3 and 6 months respectively. Neither the clinical status upon admission nor COHb predicted the outcome of the poisoning. Referral to a HBO center should be considered when: --the patient is comatose --there are abnormal clinical findings --patients have been unconsciousness during exposure, irrespective of whether they are conscious on admission and have normal clinical status.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Hepatic vein obstruction in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.

We report an association between idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and obstruction of the hepatic veins (Budd-Chiari syndrome). Budd-Chiari syndrome was assessed by liver biopsy and hepatic phlebography and documented by computed tomography. Postmortem examination revealed fibrous occlusion of the hepatic venous tree, as well as fibrosis of the endocardium and of myocardial and pulmonary vessels. To our knowledge, the association between idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome has never previously been reported. Since it has been suggested that hypereosinophilia might cause endothelium damage, a link between these two entities is postulated.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in evaluating the spread and therapeutic strategy in cancer of the bladder].

Fifty four computed (CT) examinations were performed on patients with bladder carcinoma. A pathological assessment was obtained in 24 cases and the accuracy of CT in local staging was 91%. The accuracy of CT in detecting lymph nodes invasion was also 91%. Moreover, CT is helpful in the follow-up of patients under treatment. As it provides a correct pre-therapeutic evaluation in 83% cases, CT appears as an effective examination to perform in the evaluation of bladder carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[A case of septicemia by a Corynebacterium of the J. K. group].

We have reported a case of septicaemia caused by "Corynebacterium of group J. K." in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Recent studies by Riley (1978) have shown that the corynebacteria, saprophytes of the skin and mucosa have a resistance to common antibiotics. Corynebacteria that are only sensitive to virginiamycin and vancomycin are a potential danger for immunosuppressed patients and patients with artificial heart valves, the appropriate choice of antibiotic can be difficult in these patients.

Alcoholism↗