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Biomedical subjects

D Mohan

Publications and source records attributed to D Mohan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

'Jumping' cross finger flaps: a useful technique for salvaging parts in mutilating hand injuries.

In multi-digital injuries, soft tissue from non-adjacent injured fingers, which would have otherwise been discarded, can be used to cover small defects in salvageable digits. This was found useful in the salvage of four digits and one thumb. Anticipation of the need for a flap cover, and the possible availability of tissue in non-adjacent digits, is of paramount importance during the planning process in these injuries. This technique of using 'jumping' cross finger flaps is a useful method, when dealing with multiple finger mutilations that need soft tissue cover.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

Effect of whole-body vibration on the low back. A study of tractor-driving farmers in north India.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of tractor-driving farmers (study group) and non-tractor-driving farmers (control group) matched for age, gender, generic/ethnic group, land-holding, and work routines. OBJECTIVES: To determine, using magnetic resonance imaging and clinical investigations, the effect of whole-body vibrations on the back in tractor-driving farmers. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Low back pain and pathologic changes in the lower backs of tractor drivers have been reported. However, no study with a control group matched for work-related risk factors has been reported. METHODS: Fifty tractor-driving farmers were compared with 50 non-tractor-driving farmers matched for age, gender, ethnic group, land-holding, and work routine. Both groups were interviewed for details of work routine, assets held, family profile, and vibration exposure to assess the influence of these parameters on signs and symptoms of backache. Magnetic resonance imaging was done to assess the effect of exposure on whole-body vibration and degenerative changes in the back. Vibration measurements also were done on tractors to observe the actual severity of the vibrations. RESULTS: Regular work-related backache was more common among tractor-driving farmers (40%) than among non-tractor-driving farmers (18%, P = 0.015). Anthropometric evaluation showed abdominal girth and weight to be significantly higher in tractor-driving farmers (P = 0.006 and 0.046, respectively), whereas while height and arm span were similar between the two groups. Clinical examination for evidence of disc or facet degeneration showed no difference between the two groups. Evaluation of magnetic resonance images of tractor-driving farmers and non-tractor-driving farmers by an orthopedic surgeon, radiologist, and neurosurgeon showed degenerative changes to be similar between the two groups (P > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Tractor-driving farmers report backache more often than non-tractor-driving farmers, but no significant objective differences on clinical or magnetic resonance imaging evaluation were found between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Studies on tractor related injuries in northern India.

Epidemiological studies were conducted in two phases each of 1 year duration in nine and 30 villages, respectively, in two northern states of India. Investigations were carried out to determine the causal factors, the activities involved and severity of injuries for farming and non-farming activities in tractor related accidents. A total of 76 cases involving five fatalities and 71 non-fatal injuries were recorded. The pattern of tractor related injuries in India have been found to be very different compared to those reported from highly industrialized countries. Fifty-four percent of tractor related injuries in the first phase and 49% in the second phase were because of non-farming activities. Of the total injuries recorded in both the phases only 1 and 6% were tractor related. A major cause of tractor related injuries were collisions. In the two phases 28 and 40% injured were passengers on tractor or trailer.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Conflict analysis for prediction of fatal crash locations in mixed traffic streams.

This paper reports the results of a study that explored the relationship between fatal crashes and conflict rates at mid-block on 14 locations in Delhi, India. All locations had a mix of motorized and non-motorized traffic. The sites were selected to represent low, medium and high fatality rates. The analysis was done in two stages. The first stage used recent 3-year statistics along the entire street. The second stage focused on each fatal crash for mid-block segments on those streets. Peak-hour traffic at 14 selected locations was videotaped. Trained observers recorded traffic compositions at mid-block, average space mean speeds by mode and conflicts by type, reactor mode and cause mode. After converting raw conflict counts to rates, site ranking went from high to low conflict rate sites. The studies showed a weak crash-conflict association. Conflict data for various sites were compared for different combinations of conflicts. The comparison revealed that the presence of only a few non-motorized modes is enough to cause conflicts between motorized vehicles and on-road non-motorized vehicles. The study did not provide a conclusive relationship between mid-block conflicts and fatal crash sites. However, the conflict study provided useful insights into the interaction between different traffic entities in the traffic streams of 14 sites. An important conclusion of this study is that a traffic-planning emphasis on studying conflict rates may not result in reducing fatality rates on urban roads along mid-block segments.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1998

Perforator based V-Y advancement flaps in the leg.

We present a selected group of patients (18) who underwent excision of various malignant skin lesions in the leg, and had the defect resurfaced with V-Y advancement flaps. The mobility and reliability of this type of flap was enhanced by raising it as a fasciocutaneous flap based on one or two leg perforators. As patients were mobilised as soon as they recovered from the operation, there was minimal postoperative morbidity. This type of flap has the added advantage of leaving no significant donor defect and therefore better cosmesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Impact modelling studies for a three-wheeled scooter taxi.

Three-wheeled scooter taxis (TSTs) are being used in many Asian countries and along with buses are the main mode of public transport for the urban middle class population. The TST chassis is made by the manufacturer and the body is fabricated by local body-makers. The vehicle is not subject to any crash safety specifications. This work is the first attempt to study the crash characteristics of TSTs using a crash simulation computer software (MADYMO) with the objective of developing practical guidelines to make the vehicle safer in collisions with other motorized road users and pedestrians. Impact modelling was done for the standard and modified TST occupied by a driver and one passenger at impact velocities of 10-30 km/h crashing with a pedestrian and a bus front. The results show that the passenger and the driver of the standard TST can sustain high HICs, face/head contact forces and tibia/knee contact forces in crashes with buses at velocities 20 km/h and greater. The magnitude of these parameters can be reduced slightly by small changes in the design of the interior and padding of critical surfaces. To increase the safety of the TST significantly major modifications need to be incorporated in the design of TSTs and bus fronts. Pedestrian impact simulations indicate that it may be possible to reduce the impact forces by changing the shape of the front of the TST. The results indicate that it should be possible to improve the crash safety properties of vehicles indigenously designed in Asian and African countries by the use of crash simulation models like MADYMO. This procedure is relatively inexpensive and can provide the first approximations for design of safer vehicles.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Twin flap technique for nipple reconstruction.

A technique of nipple reconstruction using two local flaps is described. The central 'core' flap is surrounded by a peripheral 'wrap' flap, producing a natural nipple. Results of 24 nipple reconstructions in 22 cases are presented. This technique is useful when the neo-nipple location falls on the mastectomy scar.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed1997

A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of bone and joint infections.

Infectious arthritis arises from haematogenous spread of organisms through the synovial membrane or from the direct extension of a contiguous infection. The diagnosis rests on the isolation of the pathogen(s) from joint fluid obtained by aspiration or from debridement. Synovial fluid analysis and Gram stains provide clues to the aetiology. The treatment of septic arthritis includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy and joint drainage. Bone infections are currently classified by the Waldvogel or Cierny-Mader classification. Cierny-Mader staging allows stratification and development of comprehensive treatment guidelines for each stage. Osteomyelitis therapy emphasises early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Radiographs and bone cultures are the mainstays of diagnosis. Radionuclide scans, computerised tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be obtained when the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is equivocal or to help gauge the extent of the infection. Medical therapy includes improving any host deficiencies, initial antibiotic selection and antibiotic modification based on culture results. Surgical treatment involves debridement of necrotic bone and tissue, obtaining appropriate cultures, managing dead space and, when necessary, obtaining bone stability.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1995

Unidimensionality of alcohol dependence syndrome.

To evaluate the coherence of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) as defined by DSM III-R criteria, 482 males were diagnosed as having ADS from a representative general population survey. Nine DSM III-R criteria were factor analyzed to assess unidimensionality. Unlike our earlier report on the same issue, a single-factor model, rather than a two-factor model, supports the coherence of the dependence syndrome explaining the relationship among the nine criteria for community data. When combining criteria into cumulative scales, they formed good approximation of Guttman scales and further supported unidimensionality. Withdrawal and withdrawal avoidance had maximum loading (0.9) and thus can be considered as highly central criteria in defining the syndrome, while preoccupation measured the most severe level of dependence (z = 0.21).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of amplicons in the DNA from boiled tissue by PCR and AP-PCR amplification.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique sensitive enough to amplify small DNA fragments a billion-fold. The generation of amplicons either by PCR with a set of oligo primers or by arbitrarily primed AP-PCR with a single oligonucleotide primer is based on the availability of intact template and priming sites. With these approaches, it is possible to generate specific and random amplicons to assess the extent of damage to DNA caused by any of the physical, chemical, or environmental factors. We report the amplification of sex chromosome and autosome specific loci in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) genome by symmetrical and AP-PCR performed on DNA samples isolated from the muscle tissues that were boiled (treated) for different lengths of time. No difference was noticed in the amplification profile of DNA cooked for various lengths of time. However, after HinfI treatment, AP-PCR amplification of these DNAs revealed more bands on agarose gel than unrestricted samples. The successful amplification of the DNA samples isolated from the boiled tissues is attributed to the intactness of the amplicons. This suggests that despite storage for more than a year and subsequent heat treatment to the muscle tissues, the DNA remains a good substrate for PCR and AP-PCR amplification. Relevance of this work in the context of DNA probe technology is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Polymerase chain reaction and its applications: special emphasis on its role in embryo sexing.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has developed into one of the most promising methods for in vitro enzymatic amplification of DNA and has found widespread application in DNA cloning, sequencing and mutagenesis related studies. This innovative technique can selectively amplify a single target DNA molecule a billion-fold in a span of a few hours. Amplification of specific DNA sequences by PCR is useful in identification of sex, novel genes, pathogens and diseases. PCR has facilitated the establishment of evolutionary relationships among species and in revealing structural intricacies of single cells. In this article we review some of the major advances and applications of PCR, especially, its role in embryo sexing.

Journal Article↗