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Biomedical subjects

D Molnár

Publications and source records attributed to D Molnár.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Food-induced thermogenesis in obese children.

In 11 obese children aged 12.5 (+/- 0.7) years with normal glucose tolerance and 7 lean, control children aged 11.9 +/- 0.7 years the preload resting energy expenditure and thermogenic response to a standardised meal was measured by indirect calorimetry. Preload energy expenditure was higher in obese children when expressed in absolute terms than in controls, but was not different when corrected for lean body weight. Four children with obesity of recent onset had lower food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response then seven overweight children with long-standing obesity. Food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response showed a significant positive correlation. It is concluded that food-induced thermogenesis is reduced in the early phase of childhood obesity but increased in the later phase when hyperinsulinaemia develops, pointing towards an important role of insulin in food-induced thermogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of unprocessed wheat bran on blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test in obese children.

Blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations were measured during oral glucose tolerance test in 10 obese children. Oral glucose was given by itself or combined with 15 g unprocessed wheat bran. Bran significantly reduced the blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations at 30 min of the tolerance test. It is concluded that supplementation of obese children's diet with unprocessed bran is advantageous.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral and intravenous calcium load on glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese children.

The effect of intravenous (IV) (10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate) and oral (3 g calcium) calcium on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and blood glucose levels was investigated during intravenous (0.5 g/kg bwt. glucose) and oral (1.75 g/kg bwt. glucose) glucose tolerance test in 21 control (body fat 14.0 +/- 0.5%) and 34 obese (body fat 36.1 +/- 0.7%) children. Calcium given before IV glucose tolerance test and IV or oral calcium by itself did not alter blood glucose and plasma IRI concentrations in either group. Oral calcium load significantly increased the glucose-induced IRI response and decreased the blood glucose levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 7) compared to the levels without calcium. Since IV calcium did not alter the plasma IRI concentration, it has been assumed that oral calcium exerts its effect by influencing the secretion of an insulin secretogogue gastrointestinal factor (gastric inhibitory polypeptide ?). This effect, however, was observed only in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Intravenous glucose tolerance test in childhood obesity: metabolite levels and their relation to glucose utilization rate (KG).

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 33 obese and 12 nonobese children. In addition to the glucose disappearance rate the changes in response to the glucose load in plasma insulin, FFA, glycerol, cholesterol, triglyceride, lactate and pyruvate were examined. The relationship between biochemical parameters and the glucose disappearance rate was also studied. 1. Reduced glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia were frequent in the obese children. 2. Normal or reduced glucose tolerance in spite of the apparent hyperinsulinaemia and the negative correlation between fasting insulin level and KG in the nonhypertriglyceridaemic obese group was the marker of insulin resistance in overweight children. 3. The reduced elevation of FFA in the 2nd hour of the intravenous glucose tolerance test might be the sign of an impaired lipolysis in obesity. 4. The significant negative correlation found between KG, fasting FFA and triglyceride levels in certain obese subgroups suggested the importance of FFA and triglyceride in the regulation of peripheral glucose utilization.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Effect of glucagon infusion on some plasma metabolites and hormones in obese children.

The metabolic and hormonal effects of glucagon infusion (6 micrograms/kg/h) for three hours were studied in obese children. Glucagon caused a sustained hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia and a lower than normal (non-obese) growth hormone response. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glycerol and the majority of the free amino acids showed a significant decrease in comparison with the controls, while free fatty acids showed a moderate decrease. Glucagon administration revealed some hormonal and metabolic abnormalities of obesity. The effect of glucagon-induced insulin secretion and the action of pharmacologic doses of glucagon have, however, to be considered in the interpretation of the metabolic effect of glucagon.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Effect of intravenous alanine on blood glucose, glucagon and growth hormone levels in diabetic children.

To study its glycaemic effect and to evaluate alpha cell function, L-alanine was administered intravenously (0.15 g/kg b.w.) to ketotic diabetic children. Their preinfusion condition was characterized by hyperglycaemia, elevated alanine, glucagon and growth hormone levels. Alanine failed to cause a further increase in the plasma glucagon level and had no glycaemic effect, but induced a consistent rise in plasma growth hormone. It is concluded that, in contrast with adult diabetics, alanine had no glycaemic effect and was not a potent alpha-cell secretagogue in ketotic diabetic children. The demonstrated growth-hormone provoking effect suggests that endogenous hyperalaninaemia may contribute to ketosis via the antiinsulin effect of growth hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic and hormonal effects of fasting in obese children.

A 30 hour fast induced a significant and comparable fall in blood glucose and branched-chain amino acid levels in both obese and control children, while the plasma levels of glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and the rest of the amino acids remained unchanged. Sustained hyperinsulinism, sustained higher triglyceride levels and a lower degree of FFA mobilization characterized the plasma of obese children during fasting.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between metabolic control and plasma lipoprotein level in diabetic children.

All lipid and lipoprotein fractions except for total cholesterol were found to be high in diabetic children under long-term treatment. There was a positive correlation between HDL-cholesterol, HbA1a-c and the insulin dose. In untreated diabetic children, plasma triglyceride and its subfractions were also high, but phospholipids were normal. Total plasma cholesterol was normal, but its VLDL + LDL subfraction was increased and HDL-cholesterol low. After two months of insulin-treatment, parallel with the decrease of HbA1a-c, the HDL-cholesterol increased and there was a drop in the level of triglycerides. It is concluded that HDL-cholesterol is a good parameter of metabolic control during the initial therapy of diabetes. In patients under long-term treatment there is no such a simple relationship between control and HDL-cholesterol and the daily insulin-dose seems to play an important role in the regulation of plasma HDL-cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Follow-up examination of patients with undescended testicles.

A detailed follow-up examination was performed in 20 patients who had been operated upon 10 to 20 years ago because of uni- or bilateral cryptorchidism. The youngest patient was 18 years old at the time of the follow-up. The following values were analysed: primary and secondary sexual characteristics, the possible sexual disturbances, penile volume and the diameter of the testes, the serum testosterone, HCG, FSH, and LH level, sperm and immune peroxidase examination, and histologic study of both testes. The absence of sexual disturbances and the normal primary and secondary sexual characteristics were explained by the results of hormonal assays and these also showed that in adults there is no possibility to improve fertility by hormones. Early operation at 2 years of age at the latest is the only possibility to prevent in- or subfertility. The intervention prevents secondary damage to the retained and to the contralateral testicle. Immune peroxidase tests pointed to the possibility of therapy by immunosuppressive drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of glucagon infusion on blood glucose, plasma immunoreactive insulin, growth hormone and adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate in obese children.

The behaviour of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin, growth hormone and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in response to glucagon infusion was investigated in obese and control children. Hyperinsulinaemia and low growth hormone levels were found in the obese group. Hyperinsulinaemia did not prevent the glucagon-induced cAMP release in obese children. The plasma cAMP concentration decreased after the first hour of glucagon infusion in both groups. The decline of cAMP concentration was more rapid in the obese group than in the controls, resulting in a significantly lower plasma cAMP level at the end of the glucagon load.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Fasting biochemical parameters and their relationship to anthropometric measurements in childhood obesity.

Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin, triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol, glycerol, blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate level, and lactate/pyruvate ratio were measured and an intravenous glucose tolerance test was done in obese and control children. The levels of most of the metabolites and the glucose tolerance were similar in the two groups except for the higher immunoreactive insulin and triglyceride levels in the obese group. Further metabolic alterations could be detected when the obese children were divided into subgroups on the basis of fasting insulin and triglyceride levels, and of glucose tolerance. Only three significant correlations were found between metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements when the obese group was treated as a whole, but numerous other positive and negative correlations were detected in the subgroups. The most striking and unexpected finding was the negative correlation between cholesterol and free fatty acids and some indices of fatness in the whole obese group and in some subgroups. It is concluded that obese children ("exogenous obesity") cannot be regarded as a metabolically homogeneous group and the correlations between anthropometric parameters and plasma metabolites remain to be controversial.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Hyperinsulinism.

A 2-year-old boy had had severe intractable hypoglycaemia since birth. Transient success with diazoxide treatment delayed diagnosis until the age of 1 1/2 years. It was based on measurements of plasma insulin, blood glucose and urinary ketones at the end of a controlled fast, a normal glycaemic response to glucagon and an unusually high rate of glucose infusion necessary to maintain the blood sugar at a normal level. Subtotal pancreatectomy restored the blood sugar to normal without any impairment of exocrine pancreatic function.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗