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Biomedical subjects

D Molnár

Publications and source records attributed to D Molnár.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The metabolic effects of cold exposure in the newborn rabbit.

Blood glucose, lactate, plasma free fatty acid and plasma and tissue individual free amino acid levels were followed in newborn rabbits exposed for 10 h to an environmental temperature of 25 degrees C. Severe hypothermia developed with an increase of blood lactate and accumulation of total free amino acids in plasma and liver. Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, ornithine and taurine were elevated in the plasma; alanine and ornithine in the liver; leucine and isoleucine in the muscle.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hypothermia on plasma metabolites in preterm newborn infants with particular references to plasma free amino acids.

Blood glucose, blood lactate, plasma free fatty acids, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen, plasma free amino acids and blood urea nitrogen were measured in 15 hypothermic preterm infants (mean rectal temperature: 34.5 +/- 0.28 degrees C) during a 2-hour 'warming-up' period following admission to our neonatal intensive care unit. Hypothermia was associated with lactacidemia and hyperalaninemia. The increase in body temperature of the infants resulted in the decrease of lactacidemia and hyperalaninemia. Normal levels of other metabolites remained unchanged.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary cortisol to cortisone metabolites in hypertensive obese children.

Childhood obesity is accompanied by a variety of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia) which tend to aggregate (syndrome X). 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the development of syndrome X. There are two isoforms of 11beta-HSD. 11beta-HSD-2 is responsible for the inactivation of cortisol to inactive cortisone. In the case of impaired enzyme activity the ratio of urinary tetrahydrocortisol (THF)+ its isomer allotetrahydrocortisol (5alpha-THF)/tetrahydrocortisone (THE) is elevated. 11beta-HSD-1 is an oxo-reductase, which type catalyses the conversion of cortisone to cortisol. The aim of the present study was to investigate if there was any alteration in the urinary cortisol metabolites reflecting 11beta-HSD activity in hypertensive obese children (no.=15) as compared to normotensive obese (no.=11) and normotensive non-obese children (no.=15). We found an increased excretion of cortisol metabolites in hypertensive obese children compared to obese and normal - weight children having normal blood pressure. The ratio of THF+5alpha(THF/THE had a significant correlation with systolic blood pressure. On the basis of our study the ratio of THF+5alpha-THF/ THE reflecting on altered enzyme activity seems to be an independent factor influencing especially systolic blood pressure in hypertensive obese children.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Presence of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese children.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the present study was to investigate the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (hyperinsulinaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension) in 180 (77 female, 103 male) obese and 239 control children. Blood glucose, serum insulin and lipid levels were determined from blood samples taken after an overnight fast. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed and blood glucose concentrations were monitored. The body mass index, body fat (on the basis of skinfold measurements), lean body mass and waist/hip ratio were calculated and blood pressure was measured five times in all subjects. It was shown that only 14.4% of obese children were free from any risk factors, in contrast to 79.1% of the control children. Four risk factors (metabolic cardiovascular syndrome) were found in 8.9% of the obese children (8.7% in males and 9.1% in females) while none could be detected in controls. Considerable differences were also detected in the prevalence of one, two or three risk factors between control and obese children. Patients with the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome could not be characterized by any of the investigated anthropometric characteristics, but the duration of obesity was significantly longer in these children. CONCLUSION: Potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases already tend to cluster in childhood and they are strongly associated with obesity. Our observations suggest that the development of the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome has its origin in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin secretion and carbohydrate tolerance in childhood obesity.

The inability to clear glucose adequately from the blood is a common feature of obesity. The frequency of impaired glucose tolerance has been reported to vary from 11.5% to 74% on obese children: the causes of this discrepancy in the literature are discussed. Carbohydrate intolerance occurs in obesity in spite of the basal and reactive hyperinsulinaemia. This condition is termed insulin resistance, which can develop in several ways. The different theories concerning the primary cause or causes of insulin resistance in obesity are reviewed.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipid levels in very low birthweight preterm infants.

Free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (T-C), VLDL + LDL-C, HDL-C and its subfractions were determined in 18 very low birthweight (birthweight: 1064 +/- 179 g; gestational age: 28.7 +/- 1.6 weeks, mean +/- SD) preterm infants on postnatal days 1, 14, 28, 42 and 56 (data are given in mmol/l). FFA levels remained low throughout the study (day 1: 0.13 +/- 0.09 ... day 28: 0.15 +/- 0.06...day 56: 0.16 +/- 0.06). TG levels increased significantly from day 1 to 14 and from day 14 to 28 (day 1: 0.61 +/- 0.26, day 14: 1.14 +/- 0.28, day 28: 1.70 +/- 0.89), thereafter they remained unchanged. T-C levels increased significantly from day 1 (2.29 +/- 0.83) to day 14 (3.05 +/- 0.71), continued to increase up to day 28 (3.34 +/- 1.58), subsequently decreasing to the level of day 1 (day 56: 2.63 +/- 0.87). More marked alterations were seen in VLDL + LDL-C (day 1: 1.51 +/- 0.70, day 28: 2.32 +/- 1.34, day 56: 1.76 +/- 0.74), whereas in HDL-C it was HDL2-C that changed significantly.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steroid metabolism in obese children. I. The relationship between body composition and adrenal function.

The relationship between anthropometric data and urinary excretion of steroids measured by gas chromatography was examined in 31 obese and 25 normal weight children. The children were assorted to eight groups according to their pubertal index (Tanner), gender and weight. There was a trend for higher daily excretion in obese children than in non-obese ones; the differences were greatly reduced when the excretion rate was calculated for body weight. Correlation was sought between the body weight at one hand and the excretion of certain steroid groups like C21O5 corticoid metabolites and compounds representing the androgen line, androsterone (A) plus ethiocholanolone (E) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), at the other hand. While in normal children these parameters were intercorrelated, no correlation could be shown in obese children. In them, no differences in the correlation coefficients were found whether the steroid excretion rates were compared with body weight, body surface or body mass index (BMI). A relationship between the weight related to ideal weight and the excretion of cortisol metabolites was demonstrated in both sexes; for androgen excretion only in boys already in puberty. For all nine steroid compounds determined in this study, there was a stronger correlation between the excretion rate and the anthropometric findings in the prepubertal groups than in children with signs of puberty. The changes demonstrated in this study point to certain alterations of the adrenal function of obese children but no marked disturbances in their steroid metabolism can be expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steroid metabolism in obese children II. Steroid excretion of obese and normal weight children.

Comparative studies on adrenal function have been performed in 56 children, 31 obese and 25 of normal weight. Their body weight fell within the range between 80 and 215% of the ideal weight (100%). Nine steroids resp. steroid groups were measured by gas chromatography. The participants were grouped by degree of fatness, sex and presence of absence of puberty (Tanner I or higher than I). The urinary steroid excretion rate was corrected for weight. Altered steroid metabolism was found in obese children as compared with the normal groups: not only the excretion of cortisol metabolites was increased but also that of androgen metabolites and pregnenediol, metabolite of pregnanolone. There is a trend for increased excretion of all steroid groups, in certain cases this attains the level of statistical significance. Wide variability was observed in the steroid excretion of obese children, in about one third of them there was hypersecretion of some components of the steroid spectrum. This phenomenon was more frequently encountered in boys. Extension of the normal range of steroid excretion rates of obese children seems to be justified.

Adolescent↗