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Biomedical subjects

D Panigrahi

Publications and source records attributed to D Panigrahi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

A case of rofecoxib-associated stevens-johnson syndrome with corneal and conjunctival changes.

PURPOSE: To report a case of rofecoxib (Vioxx)-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome with corneal and conjunctival changes. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Case report of a 62-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) taking rofecoxib for arthritis for 3 weeks. RESULTS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome after 3 weeks of rofecoxib therapy. CONCLUSION: This case report suggests that oral rofecoxib may trigger Stevens-Johnson syndrome, potentially causing symblepharons, corneal neovascularization and cicatricial ectropions.

Arthralgia↗
PubMed2000

Neogenesis of pancreatic endocrine cells in copper-deprived rat models.

Transplantation of progenitor cells for regeneration of islet cells could prove invaluable in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study provides evidence that in rats maintained on a copper-deficient diet containing the copper-chelating agent tetraethylenepentamine pentahydrochloride, regeneration of single alpha and beta endocrine cells in the ductules and acinar tissue of the adult rat pancreata occurred. These regenerated cells both in the ductules and acinar tissue stained positive for glucagon and insulin similar to cells within the islets and in addition to being reactive to proliferative cellular nuclear antigen, an intracellular marker of active proliferation. In contrast, the control group pancreata did not show any evidence of islet regeneration, proliferation, or proliferative cellular nuclear antigen reactivity pre- or posttransplantation. Transplantation of digested pancreatic tissues from the copper-deficient group into the spleen of syngeneic diabetic rats reversed diabetes, and this was confirmed histologically by demonstrating cells within ductules that stained positively for insulin. This study concludes that copper deprivation contributes to the neogenesis of pancreatic alpha and beta cells in the ductules and acinar tissue of adult pancreas in rat model and that transplanted stem cells maintain their functional capacity in the recipient after transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Abruptio placentae and chorioamnionitis-microbiological and histologic correlation.

BACKGROUND: To determine the association of chorioamnionitis with placental abruption. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Fifty pregnant women admitted with abruptio placentae were compared to an equally large control group in spontaneous labor with no history of antepartum hemorrhage. Swabs from the cervix and placental membranes were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Placental membranes were studied histologically in 40 women of study group and 35 of control group for any evidence of chorioamnionitis. RESULTS: Specific organisms were isolated in 22 (44%) women in the study group and 19 (38%) women in the control group. The cervical swab microbiological flora was similar in both groups but isolation of specific organisms from placental membrane culture was higher in the study group (40%) compared to the controls (18% p<0.05). Evidence of histologic chorioamnionitis was higher in the study group 12/40 (30%), than in the control group 8/35 (22.85%), but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: The incidence of silent chorioamnionitis (placental membrane culture positivity) is higher in the abruptio placentae.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1998

Long-term function and survival of elderly donor kidneys transplanted into young adults.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, elderly donor kidneys have not been widely accepted for transplantation on the assumption of inferior performance. However, the United Network for Organ Sharing reports an increase in the number of elderly donors from less than 2% in 1982 to 24% in 1995. This trend is commensurate with the increase of older dialysis patients and an overall increase in the elderly population in the United States (1). Optimal utilization of these kidneys is essential to overcome the acute organ shortage. METHODS: In this study, we transplanted 25 kidneys from elderly donors (ages 56-72 years) into young adult recipients (ages 20-50 years) (group 1) over a 4-year period. We compared the results with matched recipients of young adult donor kidneys (group 2) with regard to long-term kidney function and graft survival. A pretransplant biopsy of elderly donor kidneys was carried out and a frozen section report was obtained. Only those kidneys showing glomerulosclerosis of less than 20% were accepted for transplantation. All cadaveric kidneys were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution. RESULTS: Pretransplant biopsies of elderly donor kidneys showed structural deficits, which included glomerulosclerosis in 85%, arteriolar and/or mesangial thickening in 75%, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration in 30%. The mean serum creatinine was 2.4+/-0.74, 2.2+/-0.56, and 2.9+/-0.76 mg/100 ml in group 1 and 1.5+/-0.55, 2.3+/-2.24, and 1.7+/-0.62 in group 2 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The patient survival was 92%, 92%, and 88% in group 1, and 100%, 100%, and 100% in group 2 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The graft survival was 80%, 64%, and 56% in group 1 and 100%, 96%, and 88% in group 2 at similar time intervals. The differences in the serum creatinine and graft survival between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the elderly donor kidneys with structural deficits transplanted into young adults provided suboptimal function and inferior long-term graft survival. To maximize the utilization and optimize the survival of elderly donor kidneys, we propose transplantation of these kidneys into age-matched recipients with similar physiological requirements as those of donors, with regard to kidney function.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Speciation of presumptive viridans streptococci from early onset neonatal sepsis.

Twenty isolates resembling viridans streptococci, 16 from blood and four from gastric aspirates, from 17 cases of early onset neonatal sepsis were identified by the API20 Strep, Rapid ID 32 Strep and conventional tests plus hydrolysis of methylumbelliferyl glycoside substrates. Nineteen of the isolates were identified as species of viridans streptococci and one as a Leuconostoc sp. Ten of the isolates were Streptococcus oralis, three S. mitis biotype 1, two S. mitis biotype 2 and one each of S. sanguis, S. vestibularis, S. salivarius and S. intermedius. The Rapid ID 32 Strep and conventional plus methylumbelliferyl tests gave the same species identity for 17 of the isolates. S. intermedius was identified by the Rapid ID 32 Strep as S. constellatus and S. salivarius as S. equinus, with S. salivarius at lower probability. The API20 Strep failed to identify S. vestibularis and identified S. salivarius as S. defectivus. The absence of certain critical tests, including urea hydrolysis, does not allow the API20 Strep to identify all the currently recognised species of viridans steptococci. The species distribution was unexpected and the incidence of S. oralis and other viridans streptococci in vaginal swabs from prenatal patients is being investigated further.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1998

Bacterial translocation in thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis in rats.

Cirrhotic liver is predisposed to bacterial infections. Different species of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Bacteroides fragilis were found to colonize thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rat liver. Zinc treatment of the cirrhotic rats significantly corrected the histological and histochemical changes in the liver. However, this reversal with zinc treatment was not accompanied by any change in the bacterial colonies in the liver. The study shows that cirrhosis predisposes liver to bacterial colonization and the process is not reversible despite the partial reversal of the cirrhotic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Significance of antibody coated bacteria in neurogenic bladder cases.

A total of 85 urine samples from 63 patients with neurogenic bladder, were subjected for pus cell counting and culture. Fifty nine (69.4%) samples showing significant bacterial growth were tested for the presence of antibody coated bacteria (ACB). One serum sample per patient was collected for the estimation of C-reactive protein. E. coli was the commonest bacterial isolate (45.8%) from the clinical samples followed by Ps. aeruginosa (20.3%) and K. pneumoniae (18.6%). Thirty two culture positive samples belonging to 27 patients, were found to be antibody coated. Of all the isolates, K. pneumoniae was antibody coated in higher proportion (63.7%) followed by Ps. aeruginosa (58.3%) and E. coli (55.6%). Immunoglobulin G was found in all the ACB positive samples, where as 87.5% of them were also coated with IgA class of antibodies. All patients with ACB in urine had raised serum CRP levels except one, where as all the rest of the patients had CRP level within normal limit. The presence of pus cells in urine and radiological abnormalities in the urinary tract were significantly higher in ACB positive patients than in ACB negative patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Anaerobes in neonatal septicaemia: a cause for concern.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and vertical transmission of anaerobic infection in early onset neonatal septicaemia in babies born to mothers with adverse perinatal factors. One-hundred neonates born to mothers with one or more adverse perinatal factors were prospectively studied. Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were drawn in addition to rapid diagnostic tests. High vaginal swabs were also taken from all mothers prior to delivery. Anaerobic Clostridium species infection was found in 5 per cent babies and all of them were symptomatic. Fifteen babies had aerobic infection. There was one baby with concomitant aerobic and anaerobic infection. There was no significant difference in sex distribution, birth weight, or gestational age between babies with aerobic and anaerobic infection. Similarly, there were no symptoms unique to anaerobic infection. None of the rapid diagnostic tests had a good sensitivity for anaerobic infection. Fifty-two per cent of the mothers had anaerobic growth in their vaginal swabs, but none had transmitted to their babies. All five babies recovered within 24-72 h of commencing therapy. This study shows that anaerobes have a role in early onset neonatal septicaemia. They cause serious morbidity, but carry a good prognosis. For identification of such infection blood culture is mandatory.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1997

Western blot analysis of serological response in Helicobacter pylori in acid peptic diseases.

A prospective study was undertaken in 70 patients presenting with acid peptic disease with the objective of characterising the serological response to Helicobacter pylori and finding antigens specific for the serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection. H. pylori status was assessed by smear microscopy, rapid urease activity, culture and histopathology of endoscopic gastric antral biopsy specimens. Serological characterisation was carried out by using western blotting of various antigenic components of H. pylori and subsequent enzymatic detection of antibodies against them. Four reactive bands in the molecular weight range of 45-65 kDa were present in all subjects irrespective of H. pylori status. Four to six immunoreactive bands in the molecular weight range of 21-45 kDa were found only in patients with positive H. pylori status and histopathologically proven gastritis. These immunoreactive components may be valuable in specific immunodiagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Preclinical toxicity evaluation of tepoxalin, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs.

Tepoxalin [5- (4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-1H-pyrazole -3-propanamide] is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent, which inhibits both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activities. The oral toxicity of tepoxalin was evaluated in 1- and 6-month rat (up to 50 mg/kg/day) and dog (up to 150 mg/kg bid) studies. In rats, increased liver weight, centrilobular hypertrophy, and hepatic necrosis were observed at dosages >/=20 mg/kg/day. Renal changes indicative of analgesic nephropathy syndrome (i.e., papillary edema or necrosis, cortical tubular dilatation) were seen at >/=15 mg/kg. In rats treated for 1 month, these hepatic and renal effects were largely reversible after a 1-month recovery period. Gastrointestinal erosions and ulcers were seen in female rats given 40 mg/kg/day for 6 months. Changes in clinical pathology parameters included decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit mean values; elevation in platelet counts; and an increase in prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. Mild increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholesterol were also noted in rats. Decreased erythrocyte parameters, increased leukocyte counts, and decreased total protein, albumin, and/or calcium were noted in some dogs in the 300 mg/kg/day group following 6 months of dosing. Small pyloric ulcerations were seen at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day dosages for up to 6 months. In both rats and dogs, no accumulation of tepoxalin or its carboxylic acid metabolite was detected in plasma following multiple dosing over a range of 5 to 50 mg/kg/day for rats and 20 to 300 mg/kg/day for dogs. Plasma concentrations of the carboxylic acid metabolite were severalfold higher than those of the parent compound. The no-effect dosages in rats (5 mg/kg/day) and dogs (20 mg/kg/day) were approximately one and six times the ED50 (3.5 mg/kg), respectively, for inhibition of inflammatory effects in the adjuvant arthritic rat without gastric mucosal damage. In terms of severity, the relative lack of gastrointestinal side effects, within the estimated therapeutic dose range, distinguishes tepoxalin from most marketed anti-inflammatory drugs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi in Kuwait.

Multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi infection is common in Kuwait. Between January 1993 and December 1994, 266 strains of S. typhi were isolated from blood of suspected typhoid fever cases attending the Infectious Disease Hospital, Kuwait. Of these, 205 strains were isolated from patients from the Indian sub-continent, 105 (45%) of which showed resistance to one or more drugs; 91 of these resistant strains showed resistance to the oral antimicrobials ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole (ACTCo). All 266 isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporines. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline in resistant strains were > 1000 micrograms/ml. All 91 strains with ACTCo resistance pattern transferred their resistance to a recipient E. coli strain, whereas none of the remaining 14 strains with different resistance patterns transferred theirs. This paper reaffirms that multidrug resistant S. typhi is quite common in Kuwait and that such resistance is encoded by auto-transferring plasmids.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Calcium and protein kinase C play an important role in Campylobacter jejuni-induced changes in Na+ and Cl- transport in rat ileum in vitro.

The pathophysiological mechanism of Campylobacter jejuni (enterotoxigenic) induced secretory diarrhoea remains least understood. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved, the unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and Cl- were measured across the C. jejuni live culture infected and control (non infected) rat ileum (unstriped), in vitro by Ussing technique under short circuit conditions, in the presence or absence of: Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (5 microM), 1-verapamil (100 microM), calmodulin (CaM) antagonist W-7 (100 microM), dantrolene (25 microM), protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA (100 ng/ml) and H-7 (60 microM), selective inhibitor of PKC. There was net absorption of Na+ and enhanced Cl- secretion in infected animals while in control animals there was net absorption of Na+ and marginal secretion Cl-.Ca2+ ionophore A23187 mimicked the effects of C. jejuni infection whereas 1-verapamil had significant antisecretory effect on Na+ and Cl- secretion in infected animals. In vitro measurement of undirectional 45Ca fluxes in Ussing chamber experiments revealed net absorption of Ca2+ in infected rat ileum as compared to net secretion of Ca2+ in control rat ileum. These observations clearly indicate that there is increased stimulation of Ca2+ uptake from extracellular milieu to the enterocytes during C. jejuni-induced diarrhoea. The intracellular calcium levels (Ca2+]i (as measured by fluorescent probe Fura-2AM) were found to be raised significantly (P < 0.0001) in enterocytes isolated from C. jejuni infected ileum as compared to the enterocytes from control ileum. The observed increase in [Ca2+]i in enterocytes isolated from C. jejuni live culture supernatant treated rat ileum further shows the involvement of enterotoxin in diarrhoeal process. Dantrolene decreased significantly C. jejuni-induced net Na+ and Cl- secretion but it could not reverse it to absorption suggesting the partial involvement of Ca2+ mobilised from intracellular stores in mediating secretion. W-7 failed to inhibit the C. jejuni-induced net Na+ and Cl- secretion. In addition the CaM activity estimated in intestinal microvillar core remained same in both the control and C. jejuni infected animals. This indicates that C. jejuni-induced diarrhoea is not mediated through the activation of Ca(2+)-CaM complex pathway of the Ca2+ messenger system. The PKC activator PMA, induced net secretion of Na+ and Cl- in the control animals but it could not enhance further the C. jejuni-induced Na+ and Cl- secretion, suggesting that there is overlapping effect of PMA and C. jejuni live culture infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1995

Hyperaggregation of platelets in intestinal tuberculosis: role of platelets in chronic inflammation.

Eighty-eight percent (38/43) patients of intestinal tuberculosis showed significant hyperaggregation of platelets (P < 0.001). Serum and plasma from 15 patients when incubated with normal platelets caused hyperaggregation. Gel filtered platelets from 2 patients suspended in normal plasma showed hyperaggregation of platelets with arachidonic acid. Tubercular protein had no effect on platelet aggregation. A role of hyperactive platelets in chronic inflammatory response is discussed.

Adolescent↗