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Biomedical subjects

D Prigent

Publications and source records attributed to D Prigent.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gelatinase is the main matrix metalloproteinase involved in granuloma-induced cartilage degradation.

This study was performed to characterize the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced during the degradation of cotton-wrapped cartilage, implanted into the murine air pouch. One, two or three weeks following cartilage implantation, proteins were extracted from the granulation tissue and MMP activities were measured. Although collagenase-, gelatinase- and stromelysin-like activities were detected at each time point, gelatinase activity was by far the most prominent. These enzymes were inhibited by EDTA, but not by NEM or PMSF, indicating that these proteinases were metalloproteinases. Gelatin zymography revealed several lysis zones amongst which a major 92-kDa band shifted to 83- and 68-kDa species during the course of implantation. The emergence of these species coincided with enhanced gelatinolytic activity and collagen loss from the implanted cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Value and limits of tomodensitometry applied to the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in young adults: study of 200 cases].

Diagnosis of sacroiliitis may be difficult to establish in patients under 25 years of age since growth is not yet completed and joint damage is often still minor. A prospective study of 200 subjects with a median age of 22 years was carried out to compare the value of CT scan and conventional radiology. The study population included 32 healthy subjects and 168 consecutive patients with presumptive spondylarthropathy including 36 with bilateral sacroiliitis and 8 with unilateral sacroiliitis. Conventional roentgenograms and CT scans were performed in every patient. Blind reading of roentgenograms and CT scans was carried out by two pairs of observers with differing experience. CT scan provided no additional information when reading was done by experienced observers: rates of mistaken and doubtful results were similar with both investigations (10%); specificity of both tests was comparable (90%) but sensitivity was significantly greater for CT scan (91.2%) than for conventional roentgenograms (71.6%), reflecting improved detection of roentgenographically occult sacroiliitis. Less experienced observers obtained better results with CT scans, illustrating the ease of interpretation of CT scan images. Analysis of false-positive CT scans revealed that normal variations and, above all, features due to as yet uncompleted growth were the main sources of mistakes. These mistakes cancelled the advantage of increased sensitivity of CT scan studies and explained why CT scan failed to improve diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Matrix metalloproteases are involved in granuloma-induced cartilage degradation.

The aim of this study was to test the role of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) in the in-vivo degradation of an implanted cartilage, using the modified mouse air-pouch model. Rat femoral-head cartilages were wrapped in cotton and implanted in 6-day-old mouse air-pouches. The mice were killed and the pouches opened 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. At each time the cartilages were removed and their contents of sulfated proteoglycan and collagen were determined. The collagenolytic activity of the pouch granulation tissue was measured, using a synthetic substrate. The implanted cartilage was found to be degraded, as previously described by Bottomley et al. (1988). The disappearance of proteoglycan and collagen began at days 4 and 7 respectively and increased progressively until day 21. An EDTA-inhibited collagenolytic activity was detected in the granulation tissue, and this increased from day 4 to day 21. These results demonstrate a progressive increase in the collagenolytic activity of the mouse air-pouch granulation tissue with a parallel loss of the matrix-macromolecules content of the implanted cartilage. The characterization of the metalloproteases involved is in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of reflex algoneurodystrophies by sympathetic blockade with guanethidine].

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) can be treated by regional sympathetic blockade with guanethidine. This method was used systematically in 25 patients with post-traumatic RSD of the upper (n = 8) or lower limb (n = 17). Sixty three blocks were performed, each patient receiving 1 to 4 blocks. The results were appreciated by the effects after one month on pain, mobility and trophic changes. They were excellent in 7 cases, good in 4 cases and poor in 7 cases. The results were better in moderate RSD without psychiatric overlay. Thirteen patients were cured after 3 months. Pain decreased significantly 2 days after injection in 28 of the 63 blocks. The effects on mobility and trophic changes always occurred after the analgesic effect. No side effects were observed with the exception of one patient who had a convulsion 2 hours after the injection. These results show that regional sympathetic blockage with guanethidine is useful for the treatment of RSD, especially in its moderate stages. In view of the negligible risks and its efficacy, the authors consider it to be the first line treatment of moderate RSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Articular manifestations of Behçet's disease. Apropos of 65 cases].

The authors, in a series of 65 cases of Behçet's disease, notice 53% of rheumatological manifestations which are third in line after aphthosis and ocular disease. In order of decreasing frequency, it concerns arthritis (mono, oligo or poly-arthritis), arthralgias with an almost identical frequency, sacroiliitis, extraarticular involvement. These rheumatological manifestations are readily associated with necrotic pseudo-folliculitis and cutaneous aphthosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of steptolysin O with sterols.

A quantitative study of the specific inhibitory power of cholesterol and other sterols on the hemolytic properties of streptolysin O is reported. This streptococcal exocellular protein is a cytolytic toxin which disrupts cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryote cells. The structural characteristics, particularly the stereochemical ones required for a steroid molecule to inhibit the cytolytic activity of streptolysin O, have been investigated in detail. By immunodiffusion techniques, in agar gel plates or tubes containing sterols, the formation of hydrophobic complexes between streptolysin O and inhibitory steroids, but not non-inhibitory steroids except lanosterol, is shown. Upon interaction with inhibitory steroids streptolysin O loses its immunoreactive properties towards neutralizing and precipitating homologous antibodies. An interpretation of the mechanism of biomembrane disorganization by streptolysin O is discussed in the light of its steroid binding properties.

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological surveillance of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in French Polynesia in 1991].

The authors make out a statement about HIV infection in French Polynesia at the date of 1991 December 31. 96 cases all together of seropositive and AIDS infected people were recorded. These patients are young generally (78 p.c. between 21 and 40 years old) sexually contaminated (72 out of 96) and live in Tahiti island (94 p.c.). Sex-ratio is 2.8 male/1 female. Among them, we noted 55 p.c. of Europeans, 38 p.c. of Polynesians and 7 p.c. of Asiatic people. Epidemiological monitoring of the infection was made easy because of a set of laws and possibilities of detection highly favourable. Progress of the infection is constant, with 20 new cases detected each year with a prevalence of 150 cases of AIDS per 1 million of inhabitants, French Polynesia could be classified as the 5th or 6th region of France as far as the importance of the disease. Clinical, biological and epidemiological taking of charge of patients is detailed as well as the prevention campaign.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hodgkin's disease in French Polynesia. 7 cases observed at the Territorial Hospital Center from 1985 to 1990].

Seven Polynesians suffered from Hodgkin's disease were admitted in the territorial Hospital Center in 6 years. They came from different Polynesian archipelagos. Three of them are 30 years old and 3 are 40 years old. Diagnosis is based on an histological test, but has to be confirmed by a center specialized in lymphomae investigations since a scanner has been installed at the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete (March 1987) results are satisfactory: echography and abdominal scanner lymphography and thoracic scanner osteoma medullare biopsy and liver biopsy puncture. Six patients presented a diffuse lesion (III B or IV) and one an intermediary phase (II B2). Treatment started by chemotherapy MOPP and ABVD alternatively. Four patients out of seven did not continue their treatment up to the end; one patient aged 34, after six treatments by MOPP and a recovering treatment by MIME got an autograft of bone marrow in Paris in October 1989, and he is actually in a good shape. Most of the patients are out of control. Application of complex therapeutic protocols during several months and inducing side effects, demands a large agreement of both patients and relatives. That is very rarely got nowadays.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The non-insulin-dependent diabetic (type II) in Tahiti].

The authors report on the monitoring in the Diabetology Service of the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete (French Polynesia) of 51 Polynesians, diabetics non insulin-dependent over periods of 12 to 30 months (average 26.5 months) from July 1988 to December 1991. 31 males and 20 females (sex-ratio 1.5). Mean age: 55.9 (extremes: 22 and 76 old years). Non insulin-dependent diabetes risk factors: heredity (43%), obesity (67%), new-born babies with a weight more than 4 kg (10%). Revealing factors of diabetes: systematic check-up (37%), clinical complications (36%), cardinal signs (20%). Recorded complications are: 1. microangiopathy: nephropathy (25%) including 7 renal insufficiency and 2 patients under dialysis; retinopathy (29%); 2. macroangiopathy: cardiovascular accident 1 case; angor 4 cases; obliterative arteritis of inferior limbs 5 cases; 3. neuropathy 9 cases (17%); 4. high arterial tension 55%; 5. metabolic complications (20%): 4 acidocetosis; 2 hyperosmolar coma; 4 severe hypoglycemia; 6. 16 diabetic feet (32%) among them 8 amputations; 7. 45 infectious complications in 27 patients are reviewed. Review of the complications according to diseases ancientness; before 10 years of evolution, each patient suffered of at least one complication, after 10 years, each patient got an average of 2 complications. Review of diabetic balance: 80% of the patients present a mean glycemia greater than 1.50; 54% present a postprandial glycemia greater than 2 gr. and 34% a A1 C Hb greater than 9%. The possible treatments are reviewed. During this monitoring, mortality was one case; 35 patients were admitted totaling 881 days of hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral vascular accidents in French Polynesia].

The authors report on the results of a survey on cardiovascular accidents hospitalized between 01 April 1990 and 31 January 1991 carried out in the Services of Medicine and Cardiology in the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete. This survey was: 56 cardiovascular accidents: 1/4 (hemorrhagic and 3/4 (42) ischemic. Mean age 59 (extremes 23-86). 36 males (64%); 20 females (36%). 50 Polynesians; 6 Chinese people. Among the risk factors recorded, 38 (68%) were hypertensed patients; 17 (30%) were due to tabagism and 15 (25%) to diabetes; 3 (5%) are known to be carriers of a hypercholesterolemia. 59% of the patients had no case history; 25% the cardiovascular accidents have been observed in patients with cardiopathy; 12.5% are recurrent cardiovascular accidents. Clinically, 5 transient ischemic accidents (12%) out of 42 cardiovascular ischemic accidents. High arterial tension was recognized in 12/14 (86%) of hemorrhagic cardiovascular accidents and in 26/42 (62%) of ischemic cardiovascular accidents. In 42 ischemic cardiovascular accidents, 31 patients suffered from cardiopathy (74%) of which 15 (36%) presented an embolic cardiopathy. Interest of echography and electrocardiogram are discussed. Ultrasonic exam of carotid vessels was found abnormal in almost half of the cases when utilized (12/26). Finally, etiological diagnosis was certain in 17 cases, of presumption in 16 cases, and in 9 cases, it was not possible to precise any cardiovascular etiology. Tomodensitometric tests are discussed. 86% of the ischemic cardiovascular accident were treated with anticoagulants/thrombocyte antiagglutination. 24% of the patients died, 50% recovered incompletely and 26% completely.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Goiter in Tahiti].

The authors report on a prospective study about goitre in French Polynesia carried out in 1989, dealing with epidemiology and disease characterization in 39 patients. 1. Epidemiology of goitre in Tahiti; In schools: 517 children (236 boys and 281 girls) aged from 10 to 15. Prevalence rate is 1.55 p.c. (8/517); Adults: 226 adults (112 males and 114 females) aged from 50 to 65. Prevalence rate is 4.42 p.c. (10/226). 2. Case study on 39 Polynesian patients (38 females and 1 male) living in Tahiti (mean age: 35.6 years old) showing euthyroidic goitre, detected from 1989 April 1st and October 31; Goitre did not present in Tahiti any particularity. It is a pathology mainly feminine, at low evolution and late local consequences; In 3/4 of the cases, goitre is visible and more it is voluminous more modules are present; There is no iodine deficiency, and the mean value of iodine excretion (536 mcg/24 h) is very high in comparison with what is described in the literature; Presence of a high thiocyanatemia (greater than 100 mmol/l) is found in 1/4 of the patients; There is no correlation between consumption of foods well-known as cyanogenical ones and the level of thiocyanatemia; There is a correlation between the rate of thiocyanatemia and tabagism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of hyperuricemia in Tahiti. 31 cases hospitalized at the Territorial Hospital Center in Papeete (Tahiti)].

Frequency of gout in French Polynesia has induced us to define a type of "hyperuricemia Polynesian" from a population of patients admitted in a general Medicine Ward. Each admitted patient gets immediately a blood check-up. A figure higher than 70 mg/l in male and 60 mg/l in female is considered as pathological. In such a case, uricemia and uraturia are tested every 24 h for three days and we consider the mean value of these three tests. On the other side, some admitted patients non-hyperuricemic, are examined according to the same protocol. So, we have two groups: 31 hyperuricemics and 20 non-hyperuricemics, secondarily grouped according to age, sex, ethnic. We did not consider some secondary causes of hyperuricemia (chronic renal insufficiency diuretic treatment, psoriasis etc.). 1. Within the hyperuricemic population, mean uricemia is 85.35 mg/l versus 52.65 mg/l in the second sample. In the hyperuricemic group (21 males and 10 females) 48% are gouty and 13% of them are females. Articular manifestations are acute arthritis, affecting mainly inferior limbs, ankles, knees). We did not notice any significant divergence between uricemia and uraturia of gouty and non gouty people. Within the group of gouty people, percentage of individual hyper excretion is 53% (uraturia greater than 600 mg/24 h) with no significant divergence with the non-gouty group: Nephrolithiasis is rare (3%). There is no significant divergence between urinary pH of gouty and non-gouty people. Associated metabolic troubles are: diabetes (26%) high triglyceridemia (43%) three syndromes associated together (hyperuricemia + diabetes + hypertriglyceridemia) in 19.5%, total cholesterol is normal (2.07 g/l) but a low cholesterol (0.30 g/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the efficacy of mannitol in the treatment of ciguatera in French Polynesia].

Up till now, in the French Polynesia and in New Caledonia, people showing ciguatera intoxication receive a standard treatment: calcium + vitamins B6 and C by intravenous way and in addition, some drugs arriving to cure some symptomatic manifestations. In 1988, an investigation carried out in Majuro, Marshall Islands concluded that intravenous mannitol is efficient in the treatment of serious intoxications with suspecting cerebral oedema. Since, such a treatment has been utilized with success in several endemic areas. Our therapeutic evaluation was arrived to determine whether mannitol's efficiency is higher than the standard treatment in the ciguatera intoxications of mean seriousness. This investigation was carried out on two randomized groups: The first one receiving mannitol (250 cc intravenous at 20% injected in 1 h) the second one receiving the standard treatment (intravenous perfusion glucose serum 250 cc with 1 g of vitamins C, 250 mg of vitamin B6 and 1 g of calcium gluconate injected in 1 h). Seriousness of clinical status was evaluated according to a scale of score from 0 to 50, based on the importance of the clinical manifestations paresthesia, aches, asthenia, cardiovascular and digestive signs. Only patients getting a score at least 20 were included in this investigation. Clinical status of each patient was evaluated before any treatment (initial score) at the end of perfusion and at the 24th hour. Efficiency of each treatment respectively was evaluated according to the differences between these three different scores. CHI 2 and U Mann's and Whitney's tests were utilized for the statistical analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗