PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D R Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to D R Osborne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

CT of the pulmonary ligament.

Most computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest show the inferior pulmonary ligament and an associated septum in the lower lobe, although CT descriptions of these structures have not been reported. Conventional radiography of the ligament has relied on indirect signs: the position of the lower lobe in the presence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, soft-tissue peaks along the upper surface of the diaphragm, and the rare traumatic paramediastinal pneumatocele (attributed to air in the ligament). CT clarifies the anatomic relations of the ligament and alterations caused by pleural effusion and pneumothorax. The ligament is probably responsible for some long linear shadows at the lung bases, and CT helps to distinguish these from scars, walls of bullae, and normal structures such as the phrenic nerve and the interlobar fissures.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1983

Craniocerebral trauma in the child abuse syndrome.

Craniocerebral trauma, and more specifically intracranial injury, is the most devastating consequence of child abuse. Cranial computed tomography provides a sensitive method for evaluation of the abused child for craniocerebral injury. CT may be particularly useful for demonstrating intracranial lesions that might not be immediately evident from clinical examination. The CT findings may also clarify the nature of the trauma, both cranial and intracranial, with detail not otherwise possible. It is therefore surprising that an expanded role for CT in evaluation of child abuse has not received wider general consideration or acceptance. Discussions of child abuse either fail to note CT in evaluation of the abused child or give the subject only cursory attention. Caffey's initial admonition that the presence of unexplained fractures in the long bones warrants investigation for subdural hematoma has gone largely unheeded. A high index of suspicion for abuse, especially in the young infant, should be sufficient reason to request cranial CT. In some cases of abuse without acute neurologic abnormality chronic sequelae, otherwise unsuspected, may be demonstrated by follow-up CT.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Single photon emission computed tomography and its application in the lung.

SPECT systems should affect nuclear medicine because of their ability to eliminate overlying and underlying radionuclide activity, their capacity for total volume imaging, and the increased contrast for lesions, compared with conventional planar imaging and their quantitative potential. The authors offer a preview of the uses of this developing technology in the delineation of perfusion abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of pyogenic liver abscesses by percutaneous needle aspiration.

Fifteen patients with solitary or multiple pyogenic liver abscesses diagnosed by ultrasound examination were treated by percutaneous aspiration under ultrasound guidance. The pus obtained was cultured immediately for aerobic and anaerobic organisms and appropriate antibiotic therapy was started. Anaerobic organisms were grown from this pus in nine patients. All patients improved after the aspiration and, apart from further aspirations in two cases, all abscesses healed without further intervention. No patient died from liver abscess or as a result of treatment. The technique is simple and harmless and is the method of choice for diagnosing and treating patients with pyogenic liver abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of plain radiography, conventional tomography, and computed tomography in detecting intrathoracic lymph node metastases from lung carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with T2 bronchogenic carcinoma were evaluated with plain radiography, conventional 55 degrees oblique hilar and anteroposterior mediastinal tomography, and computed tomography (CT) to compare their accuracy in assessing mediastinal and hilar nodal metastases. Definitive staging was achieved by thoracotomy and histopathological evaluation of resected specimens. All modalities demonstrated about the same accuracy; however, in the 25 patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, CT of the mediastinum was more sensitive but not more specific than the other two and conventional tomography was no more accurate than CT for hilar evaluation. Overall, no technique was accurate enough for routine staging; their value may lie in directing biopsy or in treatment planning in patients with inoperable disease.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1982

Postpericardiotomy syndrome.

Postpericardiotomy syndrome is an immune phenomenon that occurs from several days to months after surgical incision of the pericardium. Prominent clinical features include fever, pericarditis, and pleuritis. Of 161 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who underwent surgical treatment, 50 (31%) developed postpericardiotomy syndrome 4-12 days later. Of these 50 patients, 38 had sufficiently complete records for analysis. Significant radiographic abnormalities were present in 30 (79%) of these 38 patients, pericardial effusions in 19 (50%), pleural effusions in 26 (68%), and pulmonary infiltrates in four (10%). These radiographic signs almost always developed within 2 days of the onset of symptoms, either before or after, and were essentially absent in the 76 patients who did not clinically develop the syndrome. Postoperative radiographs can be extremely valuable in first suggesting or confirming the suspicion of postpericardiotomy syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Late sequelae of spinal cord trauma. Myelographic and surgical correlation.

Eighteen patients with posttraumatic paraplegia were examined myelographically at 2 months to 30 years after the injury, and the findings correlated with surgical exploration. The following six myelographic patterns were seen: 1) tethered cord and subarachnoid adhesions; 2) proximal cord cysts; 3) loculated subarachnoid cysts; 4) proximal cord atrophy; 5) extradural fibrosis; and 6) complete obliteration of the subarachnoid space at the level of trauma due to extradural fibrosis and/or bone encroachment on the vertebral canal. Myelography with or without computerized tomography (CT) accurately reflected the gross pathological process. The examination is indicated prior to surgical intervention: the structural lesion in four patients extended two or more vertebral levels above the site of the original bone injury and was not easily predictable preoperatively. When combined with CT, myelography allowed evaluation of the transverse anatomy of the vertebral canal and its contents; it was especially useful when the canal was narrowed or distorted by bone and soft tissue. Water-soluble contrast media provided a more detailed evaluation of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space, and were the preferred agents. If a posttraumatic syrinx is suspected, these are the agents of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Dacron graft erosion of the duodenum: a complication of interposition mesocaval shunt operations.

Two cases are reported of patients presenting with septicaemia as a late complication of a Dacron interposition mesocaval shunt operation. In both cases the prosthesis had eroded through the duodenal wall and the Dacron was in direct contact with intestinal contents. One patient died and the diagnosis was only made at postmortem examination. The other patient recovered after the problem had been recognized and treated surgically.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children.

Three cases of childhood pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) are presented with emphasis on the radiographic findings on plain chest films and computed tomography. Three different radiographic patterns may be seen on chest radiography: (1) reticulonodular, (2) small acinar nodular mimicking miliary disease, and (3) coalescense of various-sized acinar nodules leading to focal consolidation. Absence of cardiomegaly, pleural effusions, or adenopathy are important differential points. Chest computed tomography (CT) shows scattered linear densities and areas of focal coalescence corresponding to filled alveoli, most prominently at the lung bases. Radiographic improvement after lavage is due to decrease in the amount of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material within the alveoli. Progressive enlargement of acini during childhood may account for the variable pattern seen in PAP in children and contrasts to the more confluent pattern found in the adult. CT is of limited value in diagnosis or management of PAP. Although detailed examination of sputum and bronchopulmonary washings may yield diagnosis, open lung biopsy is required for confirmation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The lungs in fatal measles infection in childhood: pathological, radiological and immunological correlations.

Multinucleated inclusion-bearing giant cells diagnostic of measles infection were identified in the pulmonary alveoli of seven children post mortem. Two children with leukaemia and a third with thymic dysplasia had prolongaed illness without typical measles exanthemata. All showed a striking proliferation of the respiratory epithelia, with formation of peribronchiolar fibro-epithelial nodules and cystic transformation of tracheo-bronchial glands. The nodular lesions contained many giant cells and were seen radiologically as multiple slowly-enlarging pulmonary opacities, a pattern which appears to be highly characteristic of measles infection in the presence of cellular immune deficiency. Two other children showed similar proliferative lesions, but had shorter illness with exanthemata and few tissue giant cells; these differences are attributed to the late appearance of a cellular immune response in less severe immune deficiencies. Two children who had no evidence of immune deficiencies died of acute viral alveolitis, one in the pre-exanthematous phase. Acute alveolitis was characterized radiologically by the rapid development of diffuse pulmonary opacification and by variable cytological features which correlated with other evidence for the presence or absence of a cellular immune response against the virus.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1980

Porto-biliary fistula and portal hypertension due to gallstones. A case report.

This paper reports a patient presenting with obstructive jaundice in whom a percutaneous cholangiogram demonstrated a fistula between the common bile duct and the portal vein, causing portal hypertension. The complications of gallstones are numerous but the formation of a porto-biliary fistula is extremely rare and as a cause of portal hypertension has not been previously reported.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMed1979

A surgical approach to primary hyperparathyroidism, 1971-1976.

Forty-two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were seen in Auckland Hospital between 1971-1976. These patients were reviewed as to age, sex, mode of presentation, pathology and location of lesions. All were treated surgically. There were two deaths due to severe hypercalcaemia. The value of parathyroid hormone assay and neck vein catheterisation is assessed. The practical aspects of neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism are outlined. The two problems of the treatment of chemical hyperparathyroidism and the recognition and treatment of parathyroid hyperplasia are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Adenovirus type 21 bronchopneumonia in infants and young children.

An epidemic of bronchopneumonia in infants and young children, with adenovirus type 21 infection, was observed in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1977. Eighteen children, four to 44 months of age, with clinical and radiologic evidence of bronchopneumonia are described. Several of the children were seriously ill but there were no deaths. When reviewed six to 12 months after diagnosis, six children had clinical signs and 13 had radiologic signs of residual pulmonary disease. There were no detectable pulmonary sequelae in two children. Three children were lost to follow-up and could not be evaluated. Adenovirus type 21 bronchopneumonia is a serious illness and an important cause of chronic bronchopneumopathy in infants and young children.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1978

Cryosurgery in the management of rectal tumours.

Ten patients with rectal tumours were treated by cryosurgery. Good palliation without local complications was achieved in the cases of rectal carcinoma and a complete cure followed treatment of benign rectal tumours. Low rectal carcinomas with clinical evidence of dissemination are ideally suited for cryosurgery and complications are minimal. Cryosurgery is a simple, safe procedure which can be performed without a general anaesthetic, and this study indicates that it has a place in the management of rectal tumours.

Aged↗