Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Richard-Lenoble.
First observation of subcutaneous phycomycosis observed in Gabon. Diagnosis was made by histological study. Biopsy permitted isolation of B. haptosporus. Sensitivity in vitro against ketoconazole was 1 microgram/ml. The patient cured with 33 g of ketoconazole in 84 days.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Twenty-five African children from Libreville had concomitant typhoid or paratyphoid fever (Salmonella typhi, 4 children; Salmonella paratyphi A, 1; S. paratyphi B, 5; S. paratyphi C, 15) and Schistosoma intercalatum infection. In 19 children treated for both infections, no relapse occurred. In the six others, antibiotics alone were given and the Salmonella infection relapsed after 1 month. No relapse occurred after a second course of antibiotics together with treatment for the S. intercalatum infection. This observation suggests that S. intercalatum prolongs Salmonella infection, as do other species of schistosomes. The concomitant treatment of both infections is recommended.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The authors draw up an inventory of the dermatophytes in Gabon (13 species isolated from 593 people in the wet and hot forest). They show the clear prevalence of Microsporum langeroni, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton violaceum also is fairly often isolated. More infrequently, they find T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. gourvili, M. canis, M. audouini, T. yaoundei, M. gypseum.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Chromoblastomycosis is a distinct cutaneous mycotic infection. Histologically it is characterized by the presence of fungus invariably in the yeast phase and by macrophages in large numbers. The morphology of fungus in both yeast and hyphal phases and its interaction with mononuclear phagocytes were examined using ultrastructural techniques. The major structural difference between the fungus in cutaneous tissue and that from a culture medium was a striking increase in cell wall thickness in the former. In the skin, the organisms were phagocytised by macrophages and enclosed in large membrane limited intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The thick, stratified, electron-dense fungal cell wall was observed in stages of alteration of varying severity. Most common was a granular modification of the outermost layers of the cell wall in contact with the vacuolar content. Fragmentation, splitting and rupture of this and deeper layers was also seen. Several ultrastructural features suggested that cell wall damage resulted from an active host cell digestion. The cell wall changes were in sharp contrast with the usual normal fungal cytoplasmic appearance. Only rare intracellular debris which we supposed to represent dead yeast cells were found. These findings suggested that the yeast responsible for chromoblastomycosis resisted fungicidal activities of cutaneous macrophages which possessed the ultrastructural features of stimulated phagocytes.
Immunoelectrodiffusion was used to detect free serum antigens after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and Suramin (S) in 30 cotton-rats infected with Litomosoides carinii. Precipitin lines between an antiserum produced by an adult worm extract and the test serum indicated the presence of free antigens in the serum. The number of precipitin lines was between one and 3. Before treatment only 13.3% of infected rats were positive compared with 83.7% after treatment. There was a difference in the delay before the appearance, the persistence and, possibly, the nature of antigens liberated by DEC and S treatment. With DEC release occurred earlier than with S and the antigens persisted for a shorter time. With combined DEC + S therapy the results were similar to those obtained with DEC and S used alone.
Oral single dose kinetics of mefloquine was investigated in 16 male volunteers, 3 Caucasians and 13 African natives. Unchanged mefloquine (= M) and one of its metabolites (= MM) were measured in the plasma. The apparent half-life of absorption of M ranged from 0.36 to 2.0 h, its terminal half-life of elimination from 15 to 33 days. Assuming complete systemic availability, an apparent volume of distribution of 14-29 liters x kg-1 and a total clearance of 18-39 ml x min-1 were derived. MM given orally to mice or rats showed at equal dose the same tolerance as mefloquine. Following oral administration of M to man, plasma levels of MM surpassed those of M, resulting in a 2.4-5.1 larger AUC. However, because of its much smaller apparent volume of distribution, MM may be anticipated to represent only a small percentage of the dose and therefore to contribute only to a minor extent towards the unwanted side effects of the drug.
Mefloquine (WR 142,490 or Ro 21,5998) is a new antimalarial drug, 4-quinoline methanol derivative, with a prolonged half-life in man and a good activity against multidrug resistant P. falciparum strains. Tolerance and pharmacokinetic evaluated in 8 black African subjects, is according to previously studies in American or Asian patients: the mean whole blood half-life is 15,6 days. Efficiency of various regimens (1 g in 3 days; 1,50 g in 3 intakes, one day; 25 mg per kg in one intake) was studied on 39 patients, infected by african strains of P falciparum in 26 cases. Fever and parasitemia disappeared within 3 days in all cases. Sera from these patients showed a complete inhibition of P. falciparum continuous culture on day 30 at least. The use of mefloquine may be actually reserved for area where resistant strains of P. falciparum are widespread. In African this use, in theory possible, is not warrant.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In 1973, a sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of malaria along the Senegal river valley. More than 75 % of school children had antimalarial antibodies in their sera. This prevalence was independent of age and sex, and was found to be effectively high particularly in the regions of Gorgol and Guidimaka. These results may be considered exclusively as an indication to raise up, nevertheless, a general planning of malaria protection along the Senegal river.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The number of cases of imported malaria diagnosed by the Parasitology Laboratory of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group in Paris has shown a significant increase in recent years. From 1970 to 1979, 443 cases were diagnosed and the annual number recorded during this period rose from seven to 93 cases. This is causing anxiety since Plasmodium falciparum is the principal species observed, affecting two out of three patients. The principal epidemiological characters of malaria imported into France, the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic schedules are shown in a study of 192 case histories of patients observed by the authors.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.