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Biomedical subjects

D S Sharp

Publications and source records attributed to D S Sharp.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Computer utilization for intravenous nutrition in surgical neonates preliminary report.

A program was developed to store important numerical clinical data such as daily weights, intravenous caloric intake, and laboratory test results on surgical neonates who required total intravenous nutrition. Preliminary experience with the data from the first 5 surgical neonates requiring intravenous nutrition indicated that this data processing is easily achieved. Data retrieval by the development of output programs provided rapid access to stored records, rapid data tabulation, and graphic print-out of parameters, such as intravenous calories per kilogram per day and weight gain, that can be placed in the patient's record.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1977

Gastro--oesophageal reflux in late pregnancy.

Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and fasting plasma gastrin and progesterone were measured in 31 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and in 10 healthy female control subjects. Eighteen of the pregnant women suffered from heartburn but 13 did not. All of the control subjects and 10 women from each of the two pregnant groups were tested for gastro--oesophageal reflux by direct measurement of intraluminal pH. The mean barrier pressure of the lower oesophageal sphincter was lower in both groups of pregnant women than in the controls (P less than 0-05) and the mean barrier pressure of the women with heartburn was lower than that of the pregnant women without heartburn, though this difference did not reach statistical significance. Eight of 10 of the pregnant women with heartburn had moderate or severe reflux, and3 of 10 of the pregnant women without heartburn also had moderate or severe reflux. Most women who reflux have heartburn, nevertheless, some asymptomatic women also reflux, and therefore all pregnant women must be considerered at risk from Mendelson's syndrome if subjected to a general anaesthetic for an emergency obstetric procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Use of medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive in conjunction with early postpartum rubella vaccination.

During a 12-month period 170 women received early postpartum rubella vaccination. An injectable "depot" progestogen was given to each of these patients for contraceptive purposes at the same time as the vaccine was administered. Subsequent observations showed that the progestogen was effective as a contraceptive in this context and that it did not appear to affect the immune response of the patients to the vaccine.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMed1973

Effect of metoclopramide on gastric emptying during labour.

The effect of a single dose of metoclopramide (Maxolon) on the gastric emptying rate of a liquid test meal was measured in a group of parturient women by a double-sampling dye-dilution technique. The subjects were given either metoclopramide 10 mg or sterile water by intramuscular injection on a double-blind random basis at the start of the test. The gastric emptying rate was significantly increased in those women who had received the metoclopramide as compared with those who had received the placebo.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic low-level lead exposure. Its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Lead is a common element in the earth's crust, serving useful purposes in industry, but serving no purpose in the human body. Increase in blood pressure is an important public health problem with numerous factors contributing to many facets of the disease. The relationship of lead exposure and increased blood pressure has long been considered, but only recently critically investigated. Reports of subtle changes in calcium metabolism and renal function, as well as in vitro studies examining end-arteriolar smooth muscle contractility, link lead exposure and increased blood pressure. This paper critically examines the evidence associating chronic low-level lead exposure and increased blood pressure. The review focuses on epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological data. The epidemiological evidence is consistent with low-level exposure to lead causing an elevation in blood pressure. The strength of that association, and the dose-response characteristics, are less certain. Individual resistance and susceptibility could affect the degree of blood pressure elevation. The results of animal and in vitro studies are consistent with the epidemiological evidence, and suggest biologically plausible mechanisms for the association. The most probable mechanisms are intracellular perturbations in calcium metabolism mediated by direct lead effects at the end-arteriole, and indirect effects via renal dysfunction. Better indices of lead exposure and lead activity are needed to quantify these effects in humans. New and safer methods of chelating lead suggest interesting approaches for studying the relationship between lead and hypertension. This link could have significant implications in determining what constitutes a 'safe' level of environmental lead exposure, and whether a proportion of essential hypertension could be 'cured' by chelation therapy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated blood pressure in treated hypertensives with low-level lead accumulation.

The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and blood lead concentration (PbB) was examined in 51 bus drivers who were treated for hypertension. These drivers were a subset of a representative sample (N = 342) of the driver population (N = approximately 2,000), and were not selected for hypertension or lead exposure. Blood lead concentrations ranged from 2-24 micrograms/dl (median: 6.9 micrograms/ld). There were 33 subjects treated primarily with diuretics, and 18 subjects were treated with beta blockers. Adjusted regression coefficients relating systolic BP with PbB were -6.4 +/- 11.4 and 4.5 +/- 12.9 mmHg/In(micrograms/dl) in each group, respectively, but were not statistically significant. The adjusted coefficients for diastolic BP were 1.12 +/- 3.89 and 14.3 +/- 5.69 mmHg/In(micrograms/dl) (p = 0.036), respectively. The latter relationship represents an average increment of 12 mmHg in diastolic BP over the range of observed PbBs (2.0 to 11.4 micrograms/dl) in subjects treated with beta blockers. Thus, beta blocker therapy may be less effective in reducing diastolic pressure in individuals with higher PbBs and suggests an action of lead at PbBs below current standards.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traffic noise and cardiovascular risk: the Speedwell study, first phase. Outdoor noise levels and risk factors.

As part of the Speedwell study, traffic noise exposure and risk factors for ischemic heart disease were studied in a sample of 2,348 men whose ages ranged from 45 to 63 y. The road traffic noise emission level, Leq, ranged between 51 and 70 dB(A) (6-22 h, 10-m distance). Significant associations were found between noise and potential ischemic heart disease risk factors, including total triglycerides, platelet count, plasma viscosity, glucose (increases), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (decreases). Not all results support the hypothesis that traffic noise increases ischemic heart disease risk. The results were controlled for a number of potential confounding factors.

Automobiles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traffic noise and cardiovascular risk: the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies, second phase. Risk estimation, prevalence, and incidence of ischemic heart disease.

As part of the Caerphilly and the Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies, associations between outdoor traffic noise level, risk factors for ischemic heart disease, and prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease were studied in two samples of 2,512 and 2,348 men, respectively, who were 45-63 y of age. Compared with the lowest noise category [Leq,6-22 h = 51-55 dB(A)], the subjects in the highest noise category [Leq,6-22 = 66-70 dB(A)] showed a slightly worse risk factor profile with respect to 9 identified endogenous risk factors. Logistic regression analysis suggested a marginal increase in risk (relative risk = 1.1) for ischemic heart disease incidence for these men based on risk factors. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was slightly higher (relative risk = 1.2) in this noise group. The observed incidence of major ischemic heart disease within an observation period of approximately 4 y was slightly lower (relative risk = 0.8) for men in the highest noise group.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality control data for low blood lead concentrations by three methods used in clinical studies.

During several clinical studies of blood lead (BPb) concentrations from environmental exposure, quality control data for three different methods of BPb analysis were compiled. Anodic stripping voltammetry by a commercial method (cASV), a modified method (mASV), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAA) were compared for precision at low BPb concentrations (less than 25 micrograms/dL) analyses. Both duplicate and interassay precision, as well as direct determinations of intraassay precision, were less for GFAA. The mASV incorporated calibration with lower BPb standards than used in the commercial protocol. This appeared to correct nonlinearity in response at lower BPb and reduced the bias between ASV and GFAA at BPb concentrations typical of environmental exposure levels.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry and ischemic heart disease. The Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Study.

The Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Study is based on a large cohort of men who were ages 49 to 64 years at the time of the study. We report the results for platelet aggregation measured in whole blood from a subsample of 308 men. The index of sensitivity used was the minimum concentration of adenosine diphosphate that produced a defined degree of impedance change in the Chronolog 560 aggregometer. There was a marked association between aggregation and prevalent ischemic heart disease (IHD). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalent IHD in men with the most sensitive platelets compared with those with the least sensitive platelets were 3.6 (95% Cl: 1.1 to 12.2) for angina; 7.3 (95% Cl: 2.0 to 24.3) for previous myocardial infarction (MI); and 2.7 (95% Cl: 1.0 to 7.6) for electrocardiogram evidence of ischemia. The confidence limits for these odds ratios are large because of the small sample size, but the estimates of odds ratio are relatively large compared to similar relationships between the traditional risk factors of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and prevalent IHD (1.5 to 2.5). A number of factors that might confound the relationships between platelets and IHD were examined, but the associations remained statistically significant when these were taken into account.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗