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Biomedical subjects

D Sandow

Publications and source records attributed to D Sandow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of leflunomide on the course of listeriosis in mice. Short communication.

The intensity of an infection with Listeria monocytogenes depends on the immunological stab1p4f the body. Impairment of the specific or unspecific defence can lead to severe and partly fatal complications such as meningitis or septicaemia. In a normal defence situation affected individuals are often not diagnosed because the infection appears as an unspecific indisposition. The new immunomodulator leflunomide (n-(4-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamide, CAS 75706-12-6, HWA 486) acts mainly as immunosuppressive. Therefore, the influence of leflunomide was investigated on the number of spleen bacteria in the first phase and on the lethality in both phases of mouse listeriosis. The infected mice were either in a normal defence state or in an immunocompromised situation, which was produced by injection of cyclophosphamide or by dextran sulfate. A treatment with leflunomide, 20 mg/kg i.p., twice daily over a period of 3 days, caused no change of the lethality compared with control mice. Likewise, combined administration of leflunomide and ampicillin produced no alteration of the lethal outcomes in comparison with the ampicillin medication alone, the latter being highly effective in any case. However, the number of spleen bacteria was significantly higher in the group with combined treatment than in the ampicillin group. In summary, the treatment with leflunomide most likely will cause no additional risk regarding an infection such as listeriosis, although in the case of an infection an increased care should be given to diagnostic and therapy.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Rapid photometric method for determination of in vitro effectiveness of various antibiotic combinations].

Combinations of antimicrobial agents are often used in medical practice. The combination therapy aims a broader spectrum of chemotherapy and/or synergistic effects. The effect of combination of chemotherapeutics on bacteria may be described as synergistic, indifferent or antagonistic. Therefore, it is essential to test the effectivity of antimicrobial combinations in vitro. The checker-board-technique is the most frequently used test to assess antibacterial combinations. For this standard test macroscopically read an incubation time of 18-24 hours is necessary. To reduce this incubation time to 4 hours a rapid nephelometric method was developed. The results of this method showed a good correlation with the standard test.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the occurrence of Listeria in Cheese].

Various outbreaks of Listeria registered in the USA and Europe after eating cheese were the motive to investigate different cheese sorts of the GDR-production on the occurrence of Listeria species. Out of 100 samples of different cheese brands 11 curdled milk cheeses (11%) showed Listeria innocua, an nonpathogenic Listeria species.

Cheese↗
PubMed1990

[The direct detection of volatile fatty acids by gas chromatography in microbiological diagnosis].

The gas chromatographic analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA) is of great significance in the diagnosis of anaerobes and anaerobic infections, respectively. The ether extraction commonly used for this purpose is relatively consuming in time and material. In this relation, the presented method of detection of VFA in the aqueous phase directly shows essential simplifications but has a lower sensitivity. Therefore, this method cannot replace the ether extraction to investigate broth cultures of anaerobes for taxonomical purposes. But it enables the determination of VFA with sufficient sensitivity in clinical materials of patients. Herewith, the detection of acetic acid only indicates an infection without anaerobes if the concentration is higher than 20 mg/100 ml. On the contrary, a high correlation exists between the detection of n-butyric acid as well as isovaleric acid and the cultural isolation of anaerobic microorganisms.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1990

[Statistical analysis of the in-vitro action of combination antiviral agents].

Similar to the chemotherapy of bacterial infections, with the advanced development of virostatics a combination of antiviral agents is supposed to be introduced into the causal treatment of viral illness. The present studies explain a method for in vitro testing of virostatic combinations in cell cultures. The principle of the method is based on the checkerboard-technique used to test antibiotic combinations. As example the combination of trisodium phosphonoformate with bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine, acyclovir or 2-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphocholine was tested against herpes simplex virus, type 1. For evaluation of the test results the so-called reduction dose 50 (RD50) was introduced. The RD50 corresponds to this substance concentration, which reduces alone or in combination with a second virostatic the virus concentration used in the test system to its TCID50. With analogy to the calculation of infectious doses the computation of the RD50 was performed by using the method of Spearman and Kaerber. The calculated values allow the comparability of the antiviral activity of substances and their combinations. Corresponding to testing of antibiotics the further analysis of combinations was carried out by calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), synergy factors (SF), and the construction of isobolograms. In this way, indifferent, synergistic and antagonistic effects of substance combination should be determined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of IgG antibodies against rubella virus using the "Rubella-IgG-EIA SSW" test kit].

A new commercial ELISA test kit "Rubella-IgG-EIA SSW" is described for the determination of IgG antibodies to rubella virus. A panel of 99 sera was tested by "Rubella-IgG-EIA SSW" and by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI test). The results of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and of HI test correlate well; the coefficient of correlation is 0.95, the specificity is 90.9% and the sensitivity is 100%. A coefficient of correlation was found out of 0.92 between EIA and HI test in the evaluation of the quantitative procedure. The test kit can be used for determination of immune status to rubella virus and for quantitative detection of rubella-IgG antibodies.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis of intestinal Bacteroides species by means of the immunofluorescence.

Rapid methods serving the detection of intestinal Bacteroides species in clinical specimens are of great significance. For this purpose, an identification of the species is possible at present only by means of immunofluorescence (IF). Using preparations of antigens of different intestinal Bacteroides species (B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, B. ovatus, and B. distasonis) as well as immune sera prepared against them, the presented results have shown the possibility of specific identification of the species involved by means of direct and indirect IF, respectively. However, it could be demonstrated that the direct IF results in a more brilliant appearance of the bacteria than the indirect procedure. Convincing results could be obtained also in the investigation of clinical specimens by means of the direct IF using a pool of conjugated immunoglobulin fractions (sensitivity 88%, specificity 100%). Therefore, the direct method to detect intestinal Bacteroides species by IF should be preferred.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Computer-assisted evaluation and analysis of bacteriologic findings].

A computer-aided information system was developed for registration and analysis of microbiological findings. The base of the system is a microcomputer with a 16-bit-processor and a hard disc ensuring the analysis of a great number of material. Besides the printing of bacteriological findings for the senders detailed questions can be analysed to give informations about the distribution and frequency of bacterial species in certain specimens, about the bacterial resistance in dependence on a definite time and about the choice of combinations of chemotherapeutics as well as the existence of multiple resistances.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Direct gas chromatography analysis of volatile fatty acids and lactic acids in microbiological diagnosis].

The gas chromatographic analysis of short-chain fatty acids is of great significance in the rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infections and bacterial meningitis. A new analytical method is presented detecting lactic acid without prior derivatisation in addition to volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase directly. Lactic acid levels greater than 30 mg/dl are measured in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with acute bacterial meningitis. The sole detection of acetic acid in concentrations higher than 20 mg/dl indicates aerobes in clinical materials. A high correlation exists between the determination of n-butyric acid as well as iso-valeric acid and the occurrence of anaerobic bacteria.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1989

[Rapid diagnosis of Bacteroides using immunofluorescence].

Intestinal Bacteroides species belong to the most common causative agents of human anaerobic infections. Because their cultural diagnosis is complicated by the presence of a so-called "empty interval of diagnosis" lasting for several days, rapid diagnostic methods are of great significance. Due to the possibility of specific antigen detection the fluorescence antibody technique (FAT) is especially qualified for this purpose. The presented investigations demonstrate that the direct FAT should be preferred to the indirect method in the diagnosis of infections caused by intestinal Bacteroides species.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1988

Calculation of the frequency of congenital rubella syndrome in Poland.

The annual number and incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Poland was evaluated by means of a methematical model and on the basis of serological studies. In its principles this model describes the infectious kinetics of rubella by the formula y = 1--e-at, where "y" is the rate of immune persons, "a" is a parameter representing the transfer of susceptibles to immunes and "t" is age. The calculated incidence of congenital rubella syndrome resulted in average values of 0.15 to 0.38%, i.e. 15 to 38 CRS cases among 100,000 children born to mothers primarily infected by rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1988

[Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins from parasitic flagellates of the order Trichomonadida].

Some Trichomonas hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis strains were compared by electrophoretic patterns of total proteins from trophozoites. Easily distinguished patterns divided T. hominis in different types. Significant differences were also seen comparing T. hominis and D. fragilis whilst among strains of D. fragilis electrophoretic protein patterns were mostly found to be accordant.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Supplementary methods for the determination of the Gram reaction of anaerobic pathogens].

Anaerobic microorganisms (364 gram-negatives and 154 gram-positives) were investigated with respect to their behaviour against aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide as well as their sensitivity to polymyxin and vancomycin by means of the disk diffusion test. Whereas the gram-negative anaerobes showed a good correlation (97.5%) with a positive KOH test, only 88.3% of the gram-positive microorganisms exhibited a negative KOH reaction. Therefore, in cases of ambiguous gram-negative staining results, the KOH test alone cannot give sufficient informations about the exact gram reaction. It was shown, however, that together with the determination of resistance to polymyxin and vancomycin, this uncertainty remains only for microorganisms showing a positive KOH reaction, polymyxin resistance, and vancomycin sensitivity. Therefore, in combination with the polymyxin and vancomycin disk diffusion test, the KOH test is recommended as an additional means to determine the gram reaction of anaerobes.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗