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Biomedical subjects

D Talbot

Publications and source records attributed to D Talbot.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Phase II trial of UFT in advanced colorectal and gastric cancer.

A phase II trial of continuous oral therapy with UFT, a combination of uracil and the 5-fluorouracil analogue 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Futraful, Ftorafur), was conducted in 40 patients with advanced colorectal cancer and 18 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Six partial responses were seen in the 36 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer (response rate 16.6%; 95% confidence limits 6.4-32.8%), and one partial response was seen in the 16 evaluable patients with gastric cancer (response rate 6%; 95% confidence limits 0.27-30.2%). The overall toxicity of the treatment was low, and all patients were treated as outpatients. The results suggest that oral UFT has comparable activity to standard regimes of 5-fluorouracil, and because of the convenience of oral administration is a useful therapy in the management of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Renal allograft rejection. Possible involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

We have demonstrated that serum from appropriately sensitized patients can contain IgG antibodies that bind to cultured renal epithelial cells. The presence of such antibodies on the surface of renal cells enables otherwise nonlytic PBMC to lyse these renal cells by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. Experiments involving cell-sorting and specific complement-mediated lysis showed that the ADCC effector cells were of the CD3 -ve, C16 +ve phenotype characteristic of NK cells. In this report it is argued that an ADCC mechanism may be of importance in mediating chronic renal cell damage in the absence of acute allograft rejection.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1990

Teicoplanin compared to flucloxacillin for antibiotic treatment of neutropenic patients.

Ninety-eight neutropenic patients were randomized to receive piperacillin and gentamicin in combination with either teicoplanin or flucloxacillin. Sixty-seven of these patients, most of whom had myeloma, were given this combination as prophylaxis 5 d after high dose chemotherapy, 35 receiving flucloxacillin and 32 receiving teicoplanin. Of 31 patients with leukaemia who were febrile and neutropenic following induction chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, 18 received flucloxacillin and 13 received teicoplanin. For those given flucloxacillin, the mean number of days to change of antibiotics was 7.8 in the prophylaxis group and 5.1 in the treatment group. In the teicoplanin arm, the mean number of days to change antibiotics was 6.8 in the prophylaxis group and 6.1 in the treatment group. Two patients in the flucloxacillin arm developed drug rashes. Four patients developed rigors after teicoplanin administration and one asthmatic became wheezy. One patient had a progressive rise in creatinine, but overall the patients having teicoplanin did not have any appreciable increase of renal toxicity compared to the flucloxacillin arm. Blood cultures were positive prior to commencement in the treatment group in nine patients, and during treatment in six patients. Organisms grown were Gram-positive in 14 patients. Teicoplanin appears to be as effective as flucloxacillin when each is used in combination with piperacillin and gentamicin in the treatment of neutropenic patients, with similar rates of toxicity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

A dominant control region from the human beta-globin locus conferring integration site-independent gene expression.

The regulatory elements that determine the expression pattern of a number of eukaryotic genes expressed specifically in certain tissues have been defined and studied in detail. In general, however, the expression conferred by these elements on genes reintroduced into the genomes of cell lines and transgenic animals has turned out to be at a low level relative to that of endogenous genes, and influenced by the chromosomal site of insertion of the exogenous construct. We have previously shown that if regions flanking the human beta-globin locus are introduced into the mouse genome along with the human beta-globin gene, a level of expression comparable to that of endogenous genes can be achieved that is also independent of integration site. We have now defined a dominant control region with these properties consisting of 6.5 kilobases of DNA encompassing erythroid cell-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites. The identification of such dominant control regions could have important applications in somatic gene therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Paget's disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Stress, social support, and depressive symptomatology in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.

Ongoing chronic strain of living with limb deficiencies and normal daily hassles may interact to produce a negative impact on adjustment. Degree of limb loss, daily hassles/microstressors, and classmate, parent, teacher, and friend social support were investigated as predictors of depressive symptomatology in 27 children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to test the main effects and buffering interactions effects models of the stress-social support-depressive symptomatology relationship. Degree of limb loss was not a significant predictor. Microstressors and classmate, parent, and teacher social support were all significant predictors of depressive symptomatology. None of the Stress X Social Support interaction terms were statistically significant. The overall model of stress and social support predicted 73% of the variance in depressive symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The relevance of a more sensitive crossmatch assay to renal transplantation.

While the importance of the standard preoperative crossmatch in predicting renal graft success is accepted, a more rapid and sensitive assay may be of additional clinical benefit. We have developed a flow cytometric assay to detect the presence of antibodies (IgG) in the recipient sera directed against donor lymphocytes, prior to transplantation. This assay is more rapid and sensitive than the conventional cytotoxic test. In a clinical study the sera of 75 renal graft recipients were tested, all of which were negative in their conventional crossmatch; 12 of these were identified as having T cell-directed IgG, and 4 had B cell antibody. Graft failure was not significantly different in the positive and negative antibody groups, as defined by flow cytometry (P = 0.147, chi square test). The incidence of postoperative complications was studied in the 60 grafts functioning at three months. Recipients with donor B or T cell directed antibodies had a longer primary nonfunction (P = 0.0098, Mann-Whitney U test), and showed a higher number of rejection episodes (P = 0.014, Mann-Whitney U test); accordingly they were more likely to require strong immunosuppressive agents such as OKT3 or ATG (P less than 0.05, chi square test). Patients with donor-directed antibodies were also hospitalised for a longer period (P = 0.015, Mann-Whitney U test) and had a higher creatinine level 3 months after transplantation (P = 0.021 Mann-Whitney U test). This study shows that the described preoperative flow cytometric crossmatch is capable of defining a population of renal transplants who form an at-risk group. Thus this assay has considerable potential in pretransplant matching of recipients with a particular graft donor.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Family functioning, temperament, and psychologic adaptation in children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies.

Family functioning and child temperament variables were investigated as predictors of psychologic and social adaptation in 42 children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. Higher psychologic and social adaptation were seen when there was more family cohesion and moral-religious emphasis and organization, in combination with less family conflict. With regard to child temperament, more emotionality predicted greater internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and less social competence. In addition to the main effects of the family functioning and child temperament predictor variables, the interaction between family cohesion and child emotionality significantly predicted both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The findings are discussed in terms of the risk and protective effects of family functioning domains and temperament on the psychologic and social adaptation of children with visible physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Determinants of self-esteem in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.

Social support, family functioning, self-perceptions of appearance, school, behavior, athletics, and social competence, as well as daily hassles/microstressors, were investigated as determinants of general self-esteem in 41 children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. Classmate, parent, teacher, and friend social support all were significant predictors of self-esteem. Family conflict and organization were also significantly associated with self-esteem, as were microstressors. The overall model of significant predictor variables accounted for 66% of the variance in general self-esteem. General self-esteem also was significantly predictive of depressive symptomatology. The findings suggest a number of factors which are potentially modifiable and which might enhance general self-esteem in children with visible physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Rapid detection of low levels of donor specific IgG by flow cytometry with single and dual colour fluorescence in renal transplantation.

Lymphocytotoxic immunoglobulin is routinely assayed before human renal transplantation. If IgG directed against donor T cells is detected in the serum of the potential recipient, transplantation is not performed as it is associated with a poor graft outcome. Poor sensitivity of the conventional assay has been postulated as being the cause of some graft failures. Two new flow cytometric assays are described which are more sensitive than the conventional test. The first assay requires manual separation of T and B lymphocytes and therefore takes a similar time to perform as the conventional assay. The second assay utilises a two-colour system and lymphocyte's separation is by fluorescence. This assay takes half the time to perform, thereby decreasing graft ischaemic time before transplantation.

Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic↗