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Biomedical subjects

D Uhlenbrock

Publications and source records attributed to D Uhlenbrock.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Radiotherapy in endocrine ophthalmopathy--evaluation of 56 cases].

The authors present the radiotherapeutic results achieved in 56 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy, 15 out of them with severe, so-called malignant course. All patients were irradiated conventionally with small doses between 3 and 10 Gy at the surface. For this purpose, a deep therapy unit with 250 kV was used. The X-ray irradiation produced an improvement in 62% of the cases; the separate evaluation of cases with malignant course showed an improvement in nine cases. Thus the results produced by this method are as good as those of high doses, the greater possibilities in case of recurrence, however, are to be considered as an advantage. The irradiation should be applied early, and the simultaneous administration of a cortisone preparation is preferred by our team.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

[Dose distribution during irradiation of the retrobulbar space--results of measurements on a phantom].

The transverse dose distribution in case of X-ray and cobalt irradiation of the retrobulbar space was measured in a water phantom. As expected, the crystalline lens receives a smaller dose by cobalt irradiation with lead shielding in front of the eye than by X-irradiation. In case of cobalt irradiation, the dorsal portions lying within the hypophyseal region can only be sufficiently protected by a special block cast by us in a divergent form and surrounding the irradiation field. If X-ray irradiation is performed with a field size of 2 X 4 cm2, the 50% isodose encloses just the complete retrobulbar space. Taking into consideration a second contralateral field, the crystalline lens is exposed to less than 10% of the maximum dose. Thus the doses applied usually in radiotherapy of endocrine ophthalmopathy, i.e. 15 to 20 Gy, lead to an unproblematic crystalline lens exposure of 150 to 200 rad.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1984

[Computer tomography in drusen of the optic papilla].

Drusen (astrocytic hamartoma) of the optic nerve are a rare eye disease produced by ocular calcification (inclusions containing calcium) at the optic disc surface. These drusen can lead to eye complaints as they grow bigger; in particular, they can cause loss of vision and can also limit the visual field. Ophthalmologically, they are characterised by an indistinct optic disc and/or ectasia of the optic disc which is sometimes combined with a poorly defined optic disc margin. Differential diagnosis must take into consideration the presence of space-occupying intracranial processes. The final diagnosis can be made via computerised tomography on the basis of a characteristic calcification pattern. Hence, the radiologist must be familiar with the disease pattern and must be able to differentiate this against other types of intraocular calcifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Inverted papilloma of the nose and nasal sinuses. Radiological findings].

The pathological anatomy, clinical signs and the radiological image of the inverted papilloma of the nose are demonstrated on the basis of three histologically confirmed cases. The most frequent radiological finding is an unilateral, dense shadow in the region of the nasopharyngeal cavity in conjunction with a shadow in the adjacent maxillary sinus. The article discusses the staggered use of the radiological examination methods. Proof of osseous destructions is most reliably achieved via computed tomography. In case of an invasion into the endocranium, the roentgenologist should consider the possibility of a malignant transformation of the primarily benign tumour. Aggressive surgery is the therapy of choice. On account of the high tendency to relapses, it is suggested to do annual follow-up roentgenological examinations, preferably with the aid of computed tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[CT diagnosis in ureteral obstruction. Retrospective analysis].

A retrospective study of 28 CT examinations of obstructed ureters is reported. In 27 patients it was possible to localise the obstructive process by CT; in 25 cases it was possible to determine the cause of the obstruction. It was possible to distinguish between compression from the outside, obstructive causes in the ureter and strictures of the ureteric wall. In 19 patients it was possible, by taking into account the history also, to determine the aetiology. Anatomical and pathological aspects of the ureter are briefly outlined and the mechanism of ureteric obstruction is discussed in relation to the relevant literature. Difficulties in the CT diagnosis of ureteric obstruction are included.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[The old and the recently occurring endocrine ophthalmopathy in computed tomography: similarities--differences].

Thirty patients are described on whom computed tomography was carried out because of endocrine ophthalmopathies. Fifteen patients had had the disease for more than two years, in the others it was acute. Determinations of muscle thickness and Hertel values show that there is no thickening of the extraocular muscles in patients with longstanding disease, but a significant increase in the Hertel values. Patients with recent disease show a definite increase in muscle thickness and corresponding protrusion of the globe, which can be explained by the changes in the muscles. The computer tomographic appearances of the striated ocular muscles in long-standing disease can be explained by fibrosis. These characteristics are of significance when considering the indications for radiation therapy.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed1983

[CT diagnosis of adrenal gland tumors].

The article reports on 36 examinations conducted to identify a possible adrenal tumour, or leading to the discovery of a disease of the adrenal glands. Pathological findings were obtained in 17 cases, including 6 adenomas, 6 metastases, 1 leukaemic infiltrate, 1 primary carcinoma, 1 phaeochromocytoma, 1 cyst and 1 bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. In 16 patients, CT produced the correct diagnosis. No false-negative diagnosis were seen. The tumours are described in respect of their morphological characteristics and their density performance in the CT. This is followed by a comparative discussion involving the results obtained by other working groups. The ranking of CT in respect of diagnosis of adrenal tumours is discussed in comparison to the competing imaging methods. Since CT ranks very high as far as its diagnostic value is concerned, it should be given preference in the identification of adrenal tumours.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

[Acute orbital paranasal sinus complications: the CT image].

The authors report on an orbital complication in a child of 14 years of age with an abscess on the upper eyelid and pansinusitis on the left side. The clinical suspicion of involvement of the orbita could be definitely clarified with computed tomography only. The article describes the regression of this finding.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

[Possibilities and limits of computer tomography in ureteral obstruction].

A report is given on the diagnosis of obstructions of the ureter by means of computerized tomography, using 8 examples. We distinguish between exterior compression, stricture of the ureteral wall and intracanalicular blockage. Computerized tomography is indicated above all for external compressions on which anamnesis gives no information. The typical finding with CT is ectasis of the ureter above the stenotic region and structures with dense soft parts in the compression section, whereby the density pattern often gives hints as to the nature of the compression. However, benign genesis cannot always be distinguished from a malignant process.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Computer tomography aspects in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the area of the abdomen and urogenital tract].

The morphologic aspect of abdominal tuberculosis are evaluated by C.T. The necrotising tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract presents course cystic lesions of fluid density. Similar morphologic criteria are seen in ileocecal tuberculosis. The peritoneal tuberculosis is characterized by large soft tissue masses of a high density which can be found in nearly all areas of the abdomen. The increased morbidity of tuberculosis in people from foreign countries living in the Federal Republic of Germany is pointed out.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Signal suppression of normal liver tissue by phase corrected inversion recovery: a screening technique.

A new pulse sequence characterized by simultaneous multislice spin echo (SE) and short inversion time (TI) with inversion recovery (STIR) acquisitions is demonstrated. For the STIR component, a repetition time of 1,000 ms and TI of 210 ms were chosen to suppress the signal from normal liver at 0.5 T and create a fast sequence suitable for screening purposes. Phase correction of the STIR with the SE's signal as a reference resulted in high contrast real IR images that were free of phase error artifact. In 13 min the entire liver could be imaged in 14 adjacent slices, each slice portrayed in an ensemble of four images: a T1-weighted SE image, IR real and modulus images, and a T1 map. Forty-one patients with liver pathology and 10 normal volunteers were examined with the sequence implemented on a commercially available 0.5 T imager (Gyroscan; Phillips). Images demonstrated high liver-lesion contrast and sensitivity to liver lesions. Lesions of less than 1 cm in diameter and lymphomatous lesions, commonly occult to magnetic resonance, were detected.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of a gait trainer with regulated servo-drive for rehabilitation of locomotor disabled patients].

The aim of the present study was to develop a new gait trainer for the rehabilitation of non-ambulatory patients. For the simulation of the gait phase, we used a commercially available fitness trainer (Fast Track) with two foot plates moving in an alternating fashion and connected to a servo-controlled propulsion system providing the necessary support for the movement depending on the patient's impairment level. To compensate deficient equilibrium reflexes, the patient was suspended in a harness capable of supporting some of his/her weight. Video analysis of gait and the kinesiological EMG were used to assess the pattern of movement and the corresponding muscle activity, which were then evaluated in healthy subjects, spinal cord injured and stroke patients and compared with walking on the flat or on a treadmill. Walking on the gait trainer was characterised by a symmetrical, sinusoidal movement of lower amplitude than in normal gait. The EMG showed a low activity of the tibialis anterior muscle, while the antigravity muscles were clearly activated by the gait trainer during the stance phase. In summary, the new gait trainer generates a symmetrical gait-like movement, promoting weight acceptance in the stance phase, which is important for the restoration of walking ability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an advanced mechanised gait trainer, controlling movement of the centre of mass, for restoring gait in non-ambulant subjects.

The study aimed at further development of a mechanised gait trainer which would allow non-ambulant people to practice a gait-like motion repeatedly. To simulate normal gait, discrete stance and swing phases, lasting 60% and 40% of the gait cycle respectively, and the control of the movement of the centre of mass were required. A complex gear system provided the gait-like movement of two foot plates with a ratio of 60% to 40% between the stance and swing phases. A controlled propulsion system adjusted its output according to patient's efforts. Two eccenters on the central gear controlled phase-adjusted the vertical and horizontal position of the centre of mass. The patterns of sagittal lower limb joint kinematics and of muscle activation of a normal subject were similar when using the mechanised trainer and when walking on a treadmill. A non-ambulatory hemiparetic subject required little help from one therapist on the gait trainer, while two therapists supported treadmill walking. Gait movements on the trainer were highly symmetrical, impact-free, and less spastic. The weight-bearing muscles were activated in a similar fashion during both conditions. The vertical displacement of the centre of mass was bi-instead of mono-phasic during each gait cycle on the new device. In conclusion, the gait trainer allowed wheelchair-bound subjects the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapists.

Adult↗