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Biomedical subjects

D Vuitton

Publications and source records attributed to D Vuitton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic characteristics of 21 peranesthetic anaphylactoid accidents observed in a population of 12,855 surgically treated patients].

A study of anaphylactoid reactions (AR) observed between September 1982 and September 1983 was carried out in the surgical departments of a French regional hospital. The patients who had presented clinical symptoms suggesting an AR (bronchospasm, collapse, tachycardia, with or without skin rash) during a general anaesthesia were included in this study. A precise history of previous anaesthesias and allergy was taken; allergological testing was carried out six to eight weeks after the AR. It included intradermal skin tests (ST) and a human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) with the suspected drugs. Out of 12,855 patients operated on under general anaesthesia in the hospital, 21 AR were seen during the year under study, in 18 women and 3 men, of median age 27 years (extreme values: 11 and 62). The median number of previous anaesthesias was 2 (extreme values: 0--in 4 cases- and 22). Cardiocirculatory abnormalities were the most frequent clinical symptoms of the AR: they consisted of decreased arterial pressure in 13 cases, with 8 cases of vascular collapse. Respiratory symptoms were less frequent but severe bronchospasm was observed in 5 cases. Skin rashes were seen simultaneously in 13 out of the 21 observations. A history of allergy was found in 11 patients. Total IgE serum concentration averaged 134 kU X 1(-1) (extreme values: 32-378). Results of histamine-sensitivity skin tests were not significantly different from those observed in a control group. Calcemia and magnesemia were in the normal range. One to four drugs were tested in each patient: 41 tests combining ST and HBDT were carried out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: correlative US and CT study.

A total of 24 cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) due to Echinococcus multilocularis was assessed by US and CT. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by immunologic and histologic study. Both US and CT patterns of HAE showed changes of liver morphology in both contour and size. Abnormal areas of parenchyma were nodular or in fields, irregular, heterogeneous, and basically echogenic. On CT these lesions were hypodense (30 to 40 HU) and did not show enhancement after administration of intravenous contrast medium. Clustered microcalcifications were encountered within the abnormal parenchymal fields in 50% of cases, and necrotized zones occurred in 40% of cases. Dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts was commonly seen, especially on US; hilar involvement was frequent. Follow-up by both techniques can display increases of primary lesions, occurrence of new foci, and local or regional extensions. Precise evaluation of the lesions arising from correlative use of US and CT permits adequate therapeutic management.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Phenotype of periparasitic hepatic infiltrating mononuclear cell in human alveolar echinococcosis].

Phenotypic analysis with monoclonal antibodies showed that OKT8+ T cells represent the main cell population of the periparasitic mononuclear cell infiltrate in the liver of 7 patients with alveolar echinococcosis. A significant decrease of the OKT8+ subpopulation had been previously demonstrated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these patients. The results obtained in this study suggest an intrahepatic homing for these particular T cells. However, functional analysis of these cells is required in order to assess the physiopathological significance of these observations.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Circulating and basophil-fixed specific IgE in human alveolar echinococcosis].

Biological parameters of immediate type hypersensitivity were assessed in 19 patients with alveolar echinococcosis. Serum total IgE concentrations were higher than normal values in 12 patients, and parasite-specific IgE were present in 9 patients. A significant relationship was observed between these two parameters. Evolution of specific IgE during a 1-year period appeared to correlate with surgical removal of parasitic material; it did not correlate with the clinical evolution in patients treated with mebendazole. Specific basophil fixed-IgE were demonstrated using both a basophil degranulation test and a histamine release test in the 19 patients under study, including serologically negative and circulating specific IgE-negative patients.

Basophils↗
PubMed1984

Steroid sulfatase activities in normal and cirrhotic livers and plasma levels of estrone sulfate, estrone and estradiol-17 beta in men.

Estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfatases were studied in livers of normal and cirrhotic men. Their Km were 3.2 microM and 1.2 microM respectively. The microsomal sulfatases were solubilized by Miranol H2M and ultrasound. After gel filtration, the soluble material gave a single peak of activity for both substrates with a molecular weight of approximately 330,000. In terms of pmol of product.min-1 per mg of fresh tissue, the mean (+/- SD) values of estrone and DHEA sulfatase activities were lower in cirrhotic livers [(n = 7) (4.09 +/- 2.90 and 0.38 +/- 0.20)] than in normal livers [(n = 13)(8.29 +/- 4.00 and 0.69 +/- 0.20)]. The differences were statistically significant : p less than 0.03 for estrone sulfatase and p less than 0.01 for DHEA sulfatase. In cirrhotic men, the mean level of plasma estrone is increased whereas that of estrone sulfate is decreased. The variations may be related to the decrease of serum albumin in cirrhotic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Immunopathological mechanisms responsible for hepatic lesions caused by B virus].

Clinical and experimental observations suggested that liver lesions related to Hepatitis B Virus infection were the result of an immunological process similar to that observed in graft rejection. Virus-antigens (Ag) and particularly, HBsAg expressed on the hepatocyte-membrane are the best candidates as target-Ag. Constituents of the hepatocyte membrane itself and particularly Liver Specific Protein (LSP) are also susceptible to represent targets for an auto-immune attack. Humoral immunity does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the liver lesions; specific antibodies have a protective more than an aggressive role in hepatitis, and immune-complexes are responsible for extra-hepatic lesions. In vitro studies of lymphocytotoxicity against autologous liver cells or rabbit hepatocytes have demonstrated the predominant role of T-lymphocytes in acute hepatitis and that of K lymphocytes in HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis. The role of Natural Killer cells has not been clearly precised up to now. Analysis of the experimental data has to be cautious because of the diversity of in vitro models and difficulty in interpretation of the results. A better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease to chronicity, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma could allow more suitable treatments according to immunological status of the patients and virus-markers in the serum and the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Deficient natural killer cell activity in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity against two types of target cells was found to be low in patients with inactive alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). This defect was significantly more pronounced in AC patients with severe malnutrition than in those with mild or moderate malnutrition. This was not due to modifications of the kinetics of NK activity. The sera from AC patients had no inhibitory effect on the NK activity of normal subjects. Lymphocytes and macrophages from AC patients did not exert major suppressive effect on the NK activity of normal subjects. Interferon boosted the NK activity of cells from AC patients, but to a lesser degree than cells from normal controls. The findings show that a deficit of NK activity is clearly associated with inactive AC. This seems to be another consequence of AC on cellular immunity, and might be related to the protein calorie malnutrition often present in AC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Hepatotoxicity of isaxonine phosphate: 4 cases of severe subacute hepatitis].

Isaxonine phosphate is known to induce acute hepatitis which in most cases is reversible after withdrawal of the drug. The authors describe 4 new cases of hepatitis which differ from those previously reported by their evolutive and pathological features. In 3 cases, the outcome was fatal within a delay of 15-40 days despite discontinuation of the drug, and was associated with hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. In the 4 cases plasma concentration of alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases were initially increased (up to 33 X upper normal range) and decreased to normal values in 2 cases. Plasma bilirubin levels were also elevated at first and continued to increase during the first 15 days of evolution. Pathological examination of the liver showed mild necrosis, sometimes with a piecemeal or a bridging aspect, marked fibrosis infiltrated with mononuclear and neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells and a conspicuous biliary neogenesis. In these particular cases of hepatitis due to isaxonine phosphate, occurrence in women, increased serum immunoglobulin levels, presence of autoantibodies, clinical and pathological aspects resembling those observed in iproniazid hepatitis may be suggestive of an immunological, or even autoimmune, mechanism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of human alveolar echinococcosis with flubendazole. Clinical, morphological and immunological study].

Flubendazole has been given at a daily dosage of 50 mg/kg for 16 months (extremes 10 and 24 months) to 10 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Clinical, morphological and immunological evaluations have been performed every 2 months during the treatment, and in 6 patients after discontinuation of the drug for 24 months. Jaundice persisted or occurred in 7 patients; infectious complications were observed in 4 patients; portal hypertension appeared in 5 patients; metastatic spread was suspected in 2 patients. Subjective improvement and weight gain were reported by 6 patients during the first 4 months of treatment. Severe complications occurring during the period of FZ therapy or within 2 months after withdrawal of the drug led to surgery in 6 patients, and death occurred in 3 cases. These observations demonstrate the inefficacy of FZ in this series of 10 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, possibly related to the extremely poor bioavailability of FZ. Higher plasma concentrations obtained with mebendazole and albendazole could explain the better efficacy of these two drugs despite their similar chemical structures and experimental toxicity upon larval cestodes.

Adult↗