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Biomedical subjects

D Vuitton

Publications and source records attributed to D Vuitton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cholestasis and hepatic drug metabolism. Comparison of metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine in patients with intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholestasis.

The antipyrine metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was studied in two groups of patients with similar degrees of cholestasis and hepatic damage, but differing mechanisms of cholestasis. The plasma disappearance rate of antipyrine in 18 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and 11 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis was compared with that of two groups of control subjects without liver disease who were matched for age. Whereas no significant difference was observed for the antipyrine MCR between patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and their controls [30.7 +/- 11.2 (SD) as against 31.6 +/- 10.0 ml/min], the antipyrine MCR was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in the patients with intrahepatic cholestasis than in their controls (16.2 +/- 4.5 vs 37.4 +/- 17.3 ml/min). These results suggest that cholestasis per se does not change the rate of metabolism of drugs by the liver. The decrease of antipyrine MCR in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis could be due to a reduced functional parenchymal mass related to some degree of hepatic necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Relationship between metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine and hepatic microsomal drug-oxidizing enzyme activities in humans without liver disease.

The aim of this study was to look for correlations between the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine and (a) the concentration of cytochrome P-450, and (b) the NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase activities in the liver microsomes of 20 patients without liver diseases. The results confirmed interindividual differences in the values of in vivo and in vitro assessments of hepatic drug metabolism. No significant correlation appeared in this group of patients between the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine and the microsomal amount of cytochrome P-450, whereas the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine exhibited a significant relationship to the NADPH cytochrome c reductase (p < 0.05), aminopyrine demethylase (p < 0.05), and aniline hydroxylase (p < 0.02) activities. These results suggest that the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine: (a) is not strictly related to the amount of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes; and (b) although significantly related to the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, does not have a predictive value to assess the enzyme equipment of liver microsomes in a given normal subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Spironolactone and enzyme induction in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not spironolactone could induce drug-metabolizing enzymes in patients with ascites due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The disposition of antipyrine was therefore studied in 15 patients with cirrhosis before and after 13 days of spironolactone treatment (200 mg/day) and in 15 comparable patients not treated by spironolactone. In spironolactone-treated patients, a 40% increase in elimination rate constant of antipyrine (P less than 0.01) was due both to a decrease in apparent volume of distribution by 11% (P less than 0.01) and to a 20% rise in metabolic clearance rate (P less than 0.01). In control patients treated with furosemide or by paracentesis no significant change in metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine was found. As with spironolactone, furosemide decreased the apparent volume of distribution (9%, P less than 0.05) in proportion to the loss in body weight. Since spironolactone treatment was not associated with improvement in the fractional clearance of bromosulfophthalein, nor in serum albumin, prothrombin time, and factor V, the data are compatible with the idea that even in cirrhosis the hepatic drug-oxidizing enzymes were induced by spironolactone. Thus, the consequences of enzyme induction should be considered when spironolactone is associated with other drugs for the treatment of cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Epidemiology of hepatitis A: serological study among a French population (author's transl)].

To investigate the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to hepatitis A antigen (anti HAV Ab) we tested 848 French people living mainly but not exclusively in Franche-Comté (East of France). In Franche-Comté, 76 per cent of all the subjects studied were found to be anti-Hav ab positive, as determined by specific radio-immuno-assay. The rate of antibody detection was correlated with age; the prevalence was low (38 per cent) in childhood and adolescence, gradually increasing throught adulthood, and reaching its peak level (greater than 95 per cent) in people aged 40 and above. Anti-HAV Ab was detected more frequently in farmers (89 per cent), factory workers (87 per cent) and office employees (80 per cent) than in hospital personnel (53 per cent). Socioeconomic differences were found to be important in young people but tended to disappear at about 40 years of age. No difference was found in the prevalence of anti-HAV Ab between national servicemen from Franche-Comté and those from other regions. In 3 per cent of cases anti-HBs Ab was associated with the presence of anti HAV Ab. The subject possessing anti HBS Ab had the same prevalence of anti-HAV Ab (75 per cent) as those without (76 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches: sensitivity to antilymphocyte serum and adult thymectomy.

Anti-lymphocyte (ALS) treatment or adult thymectomy of the donor have been shown to depress respectively the cell proliferation and the cytotoxicity in the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. A quantitative assay and the histological criteria of the GVH reaction have been used to demonstrate that all the known subpopulations of T-lymphocytes involved in the GVH reaction are present in the Peyer's patches as well as in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cortisone sensitive T-cells in Peyers' patches.

Pretreatment of donor lymphoid cells with cortisone has been shown to depress the T-cell subpopulation responsible for cellular proliferation in the GVH reaction. A quantitative assay as well as the histological criteria of the GVH reaction have been used in this study to demonstrate the presence of cortisone-sensitive T-cells within the Peyer's patches as well as in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Graft-versus-host reaction induced by Peyer's patches.

Parental Peyer's patches were implanted into the anterior hepatic lobe of F1 hybrid rats. Using conventional histological techniques, phenomena typical of a graft-versus-host reaction were observed, such as paravascular lymphoid infiltration in the liver, cellular depletion of the thymus-dependent areas of spleen, and diffuse reticuloendothelial cell proliferation in various lymphoid tissues. Based on these findings and other observations it is concluded that a thymus-dependent cell population is present in the Peyer's patches.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Immunosuppressive role of the liver in the graft versus host reaction].

The ability of the liver to reduce the intensity of the graft versus host (GVH) reaction has been investigated in F1 hybrid rats implanted with parental lymph nodes. Intrahepatic and intrarenal tissue implantations were compared using classical GVH criteria. The intrahepatic implantation of lymph nodes suppress the mortality observed after intrarenal implantation. The results confirm the interest of portal drainage in organ transplantation and suggest a new site of implantation for lymphoid cells.

Animals↗