Cryptococcosis of the larynx.
An unusual case of cryptococcosis of the larynx is described in a non-immunocompromised patient. To our knowledge this is the second reported case in the literature.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D W Proops
Publications and source records attributed to D W Proops.
Dysphagia due to oesophageal web.
An 8 year old boy developed a recurrent sensation of food sticking in his throat during meal times. Barium swallow examination showed an anterior oesophageal web at the level of C5. Symptoms disappeared after pharyngoscopy and dilatation of the web.
Child↗
An approach to the diagnosis and management of salivary gland disease.
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Humans↗
Benign nasopharyngeal teratomas in the neonate.
Two cases are described of benign teratoma arising in the nasopharynx and presenting with difficulty breathing in the neonatal period. Preservation of the airway is paramount during assessment. Radiology and subsequent examination under anaesthetic, precede removal of the teratoma by snare. This is usually uncomplicated but bleeding has been reported. Complete removal cures the airway problem and follow-up is usually uneventful. A review of the classification and aetiology by these lesions is included.
Airway Obstruction↗
Young's syndrome (a case report).
A case of Young's syndrome is described presenting with obstructive azoospermia, sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. It is essential to examine ciliary function and ultrastructure in order to make this diagnosis.
Adult↗
Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management ENT of patients.
Aspirates were obtained from 142 masses in 120 patients who presented with palpable swellings in the head and neck region. 120 specimens (84.51 per cent) were adequate for diagnostic purposes and the remaining 22 (15.49 per cent) were unsatisfactory. Final diagnosis was based on resection histology in 87 cases and close clinical follow-up in 55 patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity including unsatisfactory aspirates was 81.37 per cent and 93 per cent respectively (if the technically inadequate specimens were deleted 98.81 per cent and 94.44 per cent). In comparison with the final diagnosis typing of malignant tumours was possible in 58.33 per cent. The correct diagnosis was made in 63.89 per cent of benign lesions.
Biopsy, Needle↗
Why do tympanostomy tubes block?
One hundred extruded Shah tympanostomy tubes were recovered from the ears of children following surgical treatment of otitis media with effusion. They were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of luminal blockage. The lumen was blocked by eosinophilic material with a polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltrate in 56% of cases and the base of the extruded tube was covered by a cast of squames in 70% of cases. The occurrence of luminal blockage was associated with the presence of a thick middle ear effusion.
Child↗
Epstein-Barr virus and epithelial cells: implications for the otolaryngologist.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus associated with two human malignancies. Initially linked in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma, a B cell lymphoma, it has subsequently been implicated in the causation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an epithelial tumor of considerable world health importance. More recently a number of head and neck tumors have been shown to harbor the virus, suggesting a possible role for EBV in their development.
Burkitt Lymphoma↗
The specific locomotive activity of tympanic membrane and cholesteatoma epithelium in tissue culture.
Human tympanic membrane and cholesteatomatous epithelium were grown in tissue culture. Outgrowth from the explants and colonies produced by subculture produced epithelium capable of rapid "en masse" migration. This phenomenon was not found in epithelium grown from other sites. There is a close correlation between the culture characteristics of tympanic membrane and cholesteatoma epithelium and the in vivo activities of these epithelia.
Adult↗
The presentation of laryngeal tuberculosis.
Laryngeal tuberculosis is now a rare disease. We report 6 patients presenting within a 10-year period (1976-1986). Symptoms and signs often mimic carcinoma or chronic non-specific laryngitis. Greater clinical awareness and a chest radiograph prior to direct laryngoscopy may alert the clinician to the possibility of tuberculosis. The diagnosis is established by laryngeal biopsy.
Adolescent↗
Pain relief following tonsillectomy (does sewing the faucial pillars together help?).
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Adult↗
Microfractures of the otic capsule. The possible role of masticatory stress.
Microfractures of the temporal bone have been recognized for more than seventy years and occur in certain well-defined areas of the otic capsule. The etiology and significance of these microfractures has been debated since their discovery. The most commonly held theory is that they result from stresses within the otic capsule that develop with growth. An alternative explanation might be that they result from masticatory stress placed upon the temporal bone. Fifty serially-sectioned temporal bones from the Ontario Temporal Bone Bank were examined in this study for the presence of microfractures. Our findings as to the most common sites of microfractures agree with previous studies. It is proposed that the constant stress placed upon the petrous temporal bone by the act of mastication is directed by the anatomy of the external, middle and inner ear through certain definite pathways, including the Fallopian canal, the bony semicircular canals and the cochlea. The most common sites of these fractures represent sites of weakness in the path of these directed forces within the otic capsule, and the statistically significant increase in the number of fractures with age lends support to the masticatory stress theory.
Adult↗
An investigation of the squamous cell epithelium of the human larynx by the method of tissue culture.
Laryngeal squamous cell epithelium has been grown by the method of tissue culture. Explant outgrowths were examined initially. Subsequently colonies of epithelium were grown from single cells upon a feeder layer of irradiated 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in a suitable growth medium. Human prepuce, which is widely used in skin culture studies, served as a control. There were colonial differences between colonies of the squamous epithelium of the larynx which presented a loose lattice structure and those of the prepuce control which gave rise to compacted growth. However, no obvious differences were noted between squamous epithelial colonies derived from fetal and adult vocal cords epithelium.
Adult↗
Thickness of the migratory epithelium of the external auditory canal.
The migratory epithelium of the external ear has been the object of much study, and it has long been presumed to thicken in abnormal conditions of the external ear. In this study, normal values have been established for the thickness of the epithelium at various sites on horizontally sectioned normal temporal bones. Three sites, the umbo, the anterior annulus, and the posterior annulus are shown to have statistically significant thickening when compared with other contiguous sites on the same section. A study of temporal bones with various abnormalities of both external and middle ear showed a statistically significant thickening of the epithelium when compared with the normal bones. This difference was particularly marked at the umbo, anterior annulus, and posterior annulus. This would imply that these thickened areas may represent growth centers in the epithelium of the external ear.
Aged↗
The presentation of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck in children.
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Adolescent↗
Post-operative cleaning of head and neck cavities.
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Aged↗
The role of histamine in secretory otitis media.
Secretory otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in children. Although allergy has been suggested as a possible cause, its role as an etiologic factor in the formation of secretory otitis media is controversial. The presence of histamine in most middle ear effusions is thought to be generated from inflammatory and not allergic provocation. This potent mediator of inflammation may contribute to the chronicity of secretory otitis media.
Adolescent↗
Tissue culture of migratory skin of the external ear and cholesteatoma: a new research tool.
There has been considerable research interest in cholesteatoma in recent years but an understanding of the pathology has been handicapped by the lack of a suitable research model. Animal experiments are unsatisfactory as they may not fully represent the human pathology. In 1975 Rheinwald and Green devised a method of growing skin in tissue culture, using a feeder layer of lethally irradiated fetal mouse fibroblasts. This technique has been adapted for use with otological surgical specimens so that a comparison can be made between skin colonies derived from cholesteatoma matrix, migratory epithelium of the external ear, and normal skin from an extraconchal incision, as well as foreskin from neonatal circumcision as a control. The colonies so produced are then available for study by phase contrast microscopy, conventional light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Differences in behavior and morphology between the various colonies grown in tissue culture have been demonstrated.
Adult↗