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Biomedical subjects

D Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to D Zhang.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The transactivation of hepatitis B virus X protein on the expression of Fas ligand in HepG2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hepatitis B virus x (HBx) protein on the expression of Fas Ligand in HepG2 cells. METHODS: The open reading frame of HBx gene was obtained from HBV genome (subtype adw) digested with Nco I and Bgl II, then cloned into pCEP4. The reconstructive plasmid pCEP4x was transfected into HepG2 cells by electroportion method. After selecting with hygromycin B, resistant clonies were obtained. The expressions of HBx gene and Fas Ligand gene were detected by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. RESULTS: It showed that Fas Ligand gene expressed in the modified HepG2 cells transfected with plasmid pCEP4x. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the expression of Fas Ligand in HepG2 cells could be activated by HBx protein.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1999

[Expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Bak proteins in liver tissues of hepatitis B patients and their significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Bak proteins in liver tissues of hepatitis B patients and their relations to apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. METHODS: TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry were used to detect hepatic apoptosis, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak proteins expressions on hepatocytes respectively. RESULTS: In liver cirrhosis group(10 cases), acute hepatitis group(8 cases), chronic hepatitis group (55 cases) and hepatic failure group(16 cases), the moderate positive rates of TUNEL assay were 30.0%, 25.0%, 61.8%, and 93.8% respectively; the moderate positive rates of Bcl-2 oncoprotein were 30.0%, 25.0%, 38.2% and 12.5% respectively; the moderate positive rates of Bax protein were 20.0%, 25.0%, 47.3% and 87.5% respectively; the moderate positive rates of Bak protein were 10.0%, 12.5%, 25.5% and 75.0% respectively. There was a positive correlation between degrees of the expression of Bax, Bak and hepatic apoptosis (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 protein on hepatocytes in proliferation zones was stronger than in necrosis zones. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced degrees of the expression of Bax and Bak proteins were accompanied with the enhanced degrees of the necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A study of genetic epidemiology on child bronchial asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between child bronchial asthma and genetic fastor. METHODS: A case-control study including 372 pedigree was carried out. RESULTS: Child bronchial asthma had obvious familiar clustering (chi 2 = 24.8, P < 0.01). The prevalence rate of the first and the second degree relatives of proband was significally higher than that of the controls. The segregation ration of asthma was 0.14 (95% CL 0.098-0.18). The h2 of the first and second degree relatives of asthma were 78.18% and 55.02%, of which 83.64% for female and 73.48% for male. CONCLUSION: The genetic model of asthma belonged to polygenetics. Genetic fastor was a main risk fastor for asthma, especially for female patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and related infertility with clomiphene resistance by compound cyproterone acetate].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of compound cyproterone acetate (CPA Co, or Diane-35) in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore its potential role in improving the outcome of ovulation induction in clomiphene (CC) resistant cases. METHODS: Twenty-nine proven PCOS patients were enrolled. Seventeen out of them, including 16 who were resistant to CC, had anovulatory infertility. CPA Co was given for 4-6 cycles. Serum luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T), androstenedione(A), dehydroepiandrosterone (Ds), sex hormone binding globvlin (SHBG), insulin concentrations, total cholesterol, triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B and transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography were determined before, 2-3 cycles and 4-6 cycles after treatment. After stopping the drug, CC or human menopausal gonadotropin were re-administered in 12 patients (22 cycles) and 5 cases (6 cycles) respectively for induction of ovulation. RESULTS: All patients had regular uterine bleeding during CPA Co therapy. Acne improved in 8 cases. Hirsute score didn't decrease significantly. Serum LH, FSH, E2, A, T, Ds concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05-0.01), while SHBG levels increased by 5.1 times after treatment. Meanwhile, bilateral ovarian volumes shrunk and follicle numbers decreased significantly (P < 0.05-0.01). Serum insulin levels did not change significantly. As to the lipid profile, the most striking change was 55.1% increase of HDL-C and 23.0% decrease of LDL-C, although TG also increased by 36.2%. 58.6% of patients had mild and transient adverse effects. Serum alanine transaminase increased in 3 cases. After stopping treatment, CC induced 5.3% (by cases) or 45.4% (by cycles) ovulation rate and 2 pregnancies achieved in 12 CC resistant patients. CONCLUSION: CPA Co has antiandrogenic effects on PCOS patients clinically, biochemically and in ovarian morphology. Pretreatment of CPA Co may play a role in improving the outcome of ovulation induction in CC resistant cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The contrast between chemotherapy via pelvic retroperitoneal cannulation and intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gynecological malignancies cancers with lymph node metastases].

OBJECTIVE: To contrast the pelvic retroperitoneal (RP) chemotherapy with intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy in gynecological malignancies with lymph node metastases. METHODS: Fluorouracil (5-FU) was repeatedly injected into the pelvic retroperitoneal space of 43 patients and the abdominal cavity of 11 patients. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the drug concentration of 5-FU. 5-FU was repeatedly injected into the pelvic retroperitoneal space of 16 patients via cannulation to observe the nodal 5-FU concentration of injected side and the control side. 99mTc-Sb2S3, Isovist-300 were injected into the pelvic retroperitoneal space of two groups (each one has 3 patients) respectively via cannulation. Single proton emission computer tomography (SPECT) and X-Ray film were taken to observe the allocation of the drugs. RESULTS: (1) Pelvic and periaortic nodal 5-FU concentrations of RP were 60-106 and 76-119 times of that of i.p. respectively. (2) The nodal 5-FU concentrations on repeated injection side were 16-20 times of that on control sides of RP. (3) There was no complications or adverse effect observed. (4) 5-FU was allocated to the space including the external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, deep inguinal and common iliac lymph nodes and also up to the periaortic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: RP was more effective than i.p. for the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of gynecologic cancer.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1999

[High voltage transmission electron microscope and X-ray double-crystal diffractometer observation of pure titanium implant-bone interface].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the integration of pure titanium implant and bone tissue. METHODS: Using low temperature dualion mill technique, the interface of titanium implant and bone was examined with high voltage transmission electron microscope and X-ray double crystal diffractometer. RESULTS: It was shown that calium globules of various electron density or sheets of calcified osseous tissue blended with titanium at the interface. The bone had grown in two directions. CONCLUSION: The integration of pure titanium implant and bone tissue is good, leaving no gap at their interface.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of microwave baking on the immunological cells in primary lymphedema patients].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of microwave on the immunological cells in primary lymphedema. METHODS: The immunological cells including lymphocytes in the affected limb skin and peripheral blood of 10 patients with primary lower limb lymphedema were analysed using ABC and APAAP immunohistochemical methods before and after microwave baking and bandaging treatment. RESULTS: It is demonstrated that in the peripheral blood of the patients there was an increase of CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as a decrease of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4/CD8. It was found that there was significant perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells (most were monocytes and macrophages) in the skin of the affected limb. CONCLUSION: Microwave modulates the systemic immunological imbalance by its heating and complex biological effects on primary lymphedema patients through reversing the ratio of CD4/CD8 to normal level by increasing CD4+ T lymphocytes and decreasing CD8+ T lymphocytes. It can also decrease the perivascular T-lymphocyte infiltration of the affected dermis and enhance the phagocytic capabilities by promoting the proteolytic activities of macrophages, finally resulting in edema resolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Postoperative radiotherapy for stage I thymoma: a prospective randomized trial in 29 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on stage I thymoma. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with stage I thymoma younger than 65 years, treated between August 1981 and January 1996 were included in this study. All patients were randomly assigned into two groups: surgery alone (13 patients) and surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (16). Staging was based on the surgical and pathologic criteria that the tumor had a complete capsule and without capsular invasion microscopically. Adjuvant radiotherapy was started within 4 weeks after surgery. Megavolage radiation, using the isocentric technique, was administered through an anterior field and/or two anterior oblique wedge fields. For the patients with lymphocytic predominant type, the dose was 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions for 5 weeks; for the patients with epithelial cell type or mixed type, the dose was 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions for 6 weeks. The survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There was no recurrence and metastasis in either group. No acute and late radiological injuries were found among the patients receiving radiotherapy postoperatively. The 5-year and 10-year survivals were both 92% for the patients treated by surgery alone. However, the survival rates for patients who received radiotherapy were both 88%. There was no difference in the survivals in these two groups. Of the 3 died patients, 1 died of myasthenia gravis and 2 of intercurrent illness. No significant correlation was found between myasthenia gravis and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative radiotherapy is unnecessary for the patients with stage I thymoma. No relation is found between radiotherapy and myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A comparative study on the effects of low dose of tPA and different regimens of intravenous urokinase in acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of low dose of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) with those of conventional dose of urokinase (UK) and assess the influence of different regimens of intravenous UK in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Eighty patients with AMI were randomized to 50 mg of tPA (Group I; n = 26) using an accelerating approach or 1.0-1.5 million U of UK (Group II; n = 54). UK was administered as a single bolus injection of whole dose (Group IIa; n = 26) or half dose bolus injection followed by half dose infusion (Group IIb; n = 28). All patients underwent coronary arteriography 90 min after the initiation of intravenous thrombolysis, and the infarct-related coronary artery (IRA) patency was evaluated. Cardiac events during hospitalization were recorded and predischarge left ventricular function was determined by two-dimensional echocardiography. RESULTS: The IRA patency rate was significantly higher in Group I (88.4%) than in Group II (53.7%) (P < 0.01). Group I patients had less cardiac events during hospitalization (11.5% vs 33.3%) and greater improvement in left ventricular function than Group II patients. However, these angiographic, left ventricular functional and prognostic parameters did not significantly differ between Group IIa and Group IIb. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolysis after AMI with low dose of intravenous tPA exerts better angiographic and clinical effects than that with conventional dose of UK. The thrombolytic effects of UK were not affected by different regimens of intravenous administration of the agent.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The surgical treatment of lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of 2004 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To summarise the clinical results of surgical treatment of 2004 cases of lung cancer over a period of 33 years and to evaluate the main influencing factors for long-term results. METHODS: 2004 patients treated at our department were included in this study. The pathological classification proposed and revised by WHO in 1982 was used. The TNM (tumour, nodes, and metastasis classification) system of staging proposed and modified by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) in 1987 was followed. Pearson's Chi-square test was used in comparing variables. RESULTS: There were 1571 men and 433 women, with a man to woman ratio of 3.6:1. The pathological findings were squamous cell carcinoma (944 cases, 47.1%), adenocarcinoma (694, 34.6%), small cell carcinoma (167, 8.3%), adenosquamous cell carcinoma (78, 3.9%), large cell carcinoma (22, 1.1%), alveolar cell carcinoma (17, 0.8%) and miscellaneous carcinoma (82, 4.1%). The p-TNM staging in 1721 resected cases was: stage 0 (2 cases, 0.1%), stage I (860, 50%), stage II (407, 23.6%), staging IIIa (396, 23.0%), stage IIIb (35, 2.0%) and stage IV (21, 1.2%). The overall resection rate was 85.9% (1721/2004) and the complication rate was 15.7% (271/1721). The 30-day mortality was 1.3% (22/1721). The 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates were 38.8%, 31.6% and 21.8%, respectively. Factors influencing the long-term survival rate included the nature of resection, the mode of resection, presence or absence of lymph gland metastasis, tumour size and degree of extension, pathological type and p-TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is recommended for stage I, II and IIIa non-small cell lung cancer and for stage I and II small cell lung cancer. Meticulous preoperative staging process is important. Bronchoplastic resection is recommended to replace pneumonectomy whenever the conditions are permissible.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[Expression of recombinant inserting mutants of HBsAg in vitro and its antigenic analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunological characteristics of two inserting variants of HBsAg as further to elucidate the role of inserting mutants in the development of HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: The inserting mutants of HBsAg were constructed by PCR-mediated mutagenesis in vitro. Epstein-Barr virus vector pCEP4 and retrovirus vector PXT1 carrying the mutant genes of HBsAg were transfected into mammalian cells. The affinity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against HBsAg for mutant antigens were studied by ELISA and western blot. RESULTS: Two insertions were introduced into s gene, and a six nucleotide insertion introduced two aminoacids (Arg and Ala) between codons 122 and 123 of the s polypeptide, whereas a nine nucleotide insertion introduced three aminoacids(Arg, Gly and Ala) between codons 123 and 124. These s genes were subcloned into two eukaryotic expression vectors (pCEP4 and PXT1), and the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids had been constructed, which could express s polypeptide in mammalian cells. Cell lines expressing wild-type or mutant-type HBsAg stably were obtained after transfection of these vectors into mammalian cells. Two two inserting variants failed to react with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against HBsAg by ELISA and Western blot. CONCLUSION: The insertions may result in a conformational change of the s protein, and affect its antigenicities, suggesting that the inserting mutations may be critical for immunoescape of HBV and in part responsible for chronicity of HBsAg-negative patients.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1999

[In vitro study on cellular and molecular mechanism of tripterine treating leukemic mast cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of tripterine on leukemic mast cells. METHODS: The human leukemic mast cell line (HMC-1) was used as target cells for the tripterine's effect. RESULTS: 1. Apoptosis of HMC-1 cells could be efficiently induced by tripterine (0.125-1.0 mumol/L), showing the apoptotic changes in morphology, DNA ladder on argarose gel electrophoresis and apoptotic peak before G1 phase of cell cycle on flowcytometry. 2. The magnitude of apoptosis increased with the augmentation of tripterine concentration and duration of exposure; 3. With G1 phase cells decreasing, S phase cells were increased, and then apoptotic cells increased with a diminution of S phase cells. They bored significant negative relation (P < 0.01); 4. Tripterine could upregulate Bax, c-myc expression and downregulate bcl-2 expression at protein level. CONCLUSION: Tripterine can efficiently induce HMC-1 cell apoptosis, occurring mainly in S phase, which is correlated with upregulating Bax, c-myc expression and downregulating bcl-2 expression.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1999

Toxicology of intrahepatic arterial administration of interventional phosphorus-32 glass microspheres to domestic pigs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the toxic response to intrahepatic arterial administration of radioactive phosphorus-32 glass microspheres (32P-GMS) in domestic pigs. METHODS: Through selective catheterization of hepatic artery, 32P-GMS was infused to 5 healthy domestic pigs in a dosage equivalent to the therapeutic dose for human being, and 31P-GMS was infused to other 5 healthy domestic pigs. Two pigs served as the whole course blank controls. One pig from each group was surrendered to euthanasia at week 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16, respectively, and liver biopsies were performed on the rest of pigs at the corresponding time points. Liver tissues from different sites were taken for light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural histopathological changes were evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: The accumulative amount of 32P-GMS in the target tissue attained more than 90% of the total dose administrated. Histologically, abnormal hepatocytes were easily found at week 1 or 2. At week 4 they were less than at week 1 or 2, and endothelium of the sinuses were damaged prominently. At week 8 they were scarcely seen, and liver tissue recovered gradually. The histological features of liver tissue restored to normal at week 16. Semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructural morphology in the experimental group showed no statistical difference (P > 0.50) between the nuclear abnormality (Nabn) and mitochrondrial variability (Mvar) at week 1 or 2, but revealed prominent difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) as compared with those in other groups. In the experimental group the Nabn in tissues showed no significant difference (P > 0.20) between week 8 and week 16. CONCLUSION: 32P-GMS internal irradiation at the dosage equivalent to human therapeutic dosage exerts reversible injury to domestic pig liver tissue, and it takes more than 8 weeks for the injured liver tissue to recover.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Congenital choledochal cyst with pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship among congenital choledochal cyst, anomalous junction of pancreaticobiliary duct (AJPBD) and pancreatitis. METHODS: 25 children with choledochal cyst treated in our hospital were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years. Intraoperative cholangiography was performed in 24 children. Pancreatic samples obtained from the head and body of the pancreas at operation were observed under light and electron microscope. Serum amylase was analyzed one week before and after operation respectively. Bile amylase in the cyst and gallbladder was measured at operation. RESULTS: The incidence of AJPBD was 70%. Inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were seen in the pancreatic specimens of 5 children, of whom 4 had AJPBD. No ultrastructural changes were found in 2 children without AJPBD, while different changes were seen in 6 with AJPBD, including those showing no pathological changes under light microscope. All the changes became more severe as the age of the patient increased. The bile and serum amylase levels were higher in children with AJPBD than those without AJPBD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Congenital choledochal cyst has a close relationship with AJPBD and pancreatitis. Pancreatic pathological changes have a long and chronic course from ultrastructural changes to macroscopic changes for the developing of pancreatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics of development of modern western medical ethics.

The paper reviews the development of Western medical ethics during 17-19th centuries. The transformation of the theories of the medical ethics from ancient to modern took place in the period because of the changes of social construction and medical care. The modern philosophical and ethical theories provided a powerful backing for the medical ethics. What is medicine and what is a physician's proper role were again defined against the background. So the medical ethics had some new characters in the period, including the increase of government's duty for people's health care, resurrection of virtue, the establishing of professional ethical code, and the birth of the civil right for health care.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1999

[Health education Chinese school in late 19th century and early 20th century].

At the early stage of modern Chinese new - style schools, there appeared the embryonic form of health school. In the 1920s, the term health education had already been commonly applied, and health education in the school was developed gradually in large and medium - sized cities, with the establishment of health educational institutions successively. In 1931, a professional school for training teachers of health education was established in Central University, and the 20s and 30s saw the inspiring developing stage of health education in Chinese schools.

China↗