The complete mitochondrial genome of Gekko gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) and support for the monophyly of Sauria including Amphisbaenia.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Demin Han
Publications and source records attributed to Demin Han.
Threshold estimation in children using auditory steady-state responses to multiple simultaneous stimuli.
OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to explore the use of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to multiple simultaneous stimuli for threshold estimation in young children. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 40 children, aged from 6 months to 5 years, with variant degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Simultaneous tonepips (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) with an amplitude modulated at different rates from 77 to 103 Hz were presented to both ears by insert phones. All children were tested with ASSR and age-appropriate behavioral tests. RESULTS: We found that (1) ASSR thresholds were usually higher than behavioral thresholds with a difference of 8-15 dB, (2) the behavioral thresholds were significantly correlated with ASSR thresholds (p = 0.000), and (3) there was a great difference between ASSR thresholds and behavioral thresholds found in a child with auditory neuropathy. CONCLUSION: Being objective, frequency specific and well correlated with behavioral thresholds, ASSR to multiple simultaneous stimuli was proven to be a good tool to predict behavioral hearing thresholds.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Anatomical and computed tomographic analysis of the interaction between the uncinate process and the agger nasi cell.
CONCLUSIONS: The agger nasi cell, together with the postosuperior portion of the uncinate process, was the key that unlocked the frontal recess. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the anatomical interaction between the upper portion of the uncinate process and the agger nasi cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one skeletal skulls (42 sides) were studied by spiral computed tomography (CT) and endoscopy, and one cadaver head (2 sides) was studied by collodion-embedded sectioning in the coronal plane. RESULTS: The endoscopic view of the entrance of the middle meatus showed the middle part of the uncinate process and the middle part of the middle turbinate fused together as the axilla of the middle meatus. The middle portion of the uncinate process attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in all of the skeletal nasal cavities, as well as the lacrimal bone in 33 sides of the skeletal nasal cavities. On CT scans, the agger nasi cell was present in 38 sides of the skeletal nasal cavities. The agger nasi cell was medially, superiorly and inferiorly bounded by the uncinate process. The superior portion of the uncinate extended into the frontal recess and may insert into the lamina papyracea (33%), skull base (10%), middle turbinate, and a combination of these (57%).
Dacryocystorhinostomy↗
P38 MAP-kinase pathway is involved in the production of CLC-3 in nasal epithelial cells with allergic rhinitis induced by interleukin-4.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of p38 MAP-kinase (MAPK) pathway on CLC-3 expression after interleukin-4 (IL-4) induction in primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS: Cultured HNECs from five patients with AR were treated with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) with or without SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, at different concentrations and durations. CLC-3 was detected in HNECs by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. p38 MAPK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: After exposure to SB203580, CLC-3 expression induced by IL-4 was downregulated in HNECs in a concentration and time-dependent manner. This downregulation was associated with a decrease in pp38 MAPK. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed that IL-4 can induce CLC-3 production in HNECs with AR through a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK may become an important strategy for the treatment of AR.
Adult↗
[Prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in Beijing patients with allergic rhinitis].
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine which aeroallergens were prevalent in patients with allergic rhinitis in Beijing. METHOD: A total of 554 cases (female: 212, male: 342, aged between 4-69 years) who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by history and clinical presentation, underwent a skin prick test with 20 standardized aeroallergens, and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed. The samples were stratified on two age groups: 4-18-year-olds (children group, n = 81) and 19-60-year-olds (adults group, n = 401). Difference of SPT responses of the two groups was investigated. RESULT: The percent of patients with positive skin tests were follow:D. farinae (64.6%), D. pteronyssinus (64.3%), Flowers pollen (28.7%), Herbs (26.5%), Lamb's Quarters (13.7%) ,Tree II (13.5%), Giant Ragweed (12.5%). Tree I (12.5%) There were significantly higher sensitivity to dust mite among children group compared to adults group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The study shows that the dust mite, Flowers pollen and Herbs are the most important three aeroallergens in Beijing region.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of tracheotomies children with juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis].
OBJECTIVE: To analysis the clinical characteristics of tracheotomies children with Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) and to discuss the time of decannulation. METHOD: Thirty-one children with JORRP, who underwent tracheotomy and treated with CO2 laser in Otorhinolaryngology department of Tongren Hospital between 1993 and 2005, were reviewed in this essay. We analysis the age, the site of intratracheal papilloma, invasion fashion of lesion, et al. RESULT: Thirty-one tracheotomies children underwent 32 tracheotomy, 20 cases was decannulated. Among the 32 tracheotomies cases, three cases were decannulated in 1 month post operation and the intratracheal lesions were not found. There were presented intratracheal lesions in 29 cases. Intratracheal lesions were not presented in 20 cases after three months of decannulation. CONCLUSION: The tracheotomy should strive to be avoided to JORRP patients. If a JORRP patient was underwent tracheotomy, he should be decannulated as early as possible. The time of decannulation was performed in the operation or post operation when the intratracheal lesions was less.
Female↗
Revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and its clinical study.
OBJECTIVES: A revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is reported for reducing the surgical complications without compromising the response. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A new method of performing UPPP was designed, in which the uvula is preserved, but a larger portion of the soft palate is removed. This new procedure is called the 'revised UPPP with uvula preservation' (Han's UPPP or H-UPPP), the characteristics of which are as follows: complete preservation of the uvula; larger portion of the soft palate resected (with the levator palati and tensor palati remaining intact); the adipose tissue in the space of the velum palati is removed; the preserved uvula will become a 'normal' one by the contraction of scar tissue on both sides of the musculus palato-uvularis and the lower margin of the tensor palati. 68 cases of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome had been treated with H-UPPP between September 1998 and May 2001. RESULTS: Polysomnography was performed for all 68 cases 6 months postoperatively with a surgical response of 69.12%, defined as a >50% reduction of the apnea-hypopnea index and <20 apneic pauses/h; no palatopharyngeal incompetency or palatopharyngeal stenosis. Anatomic measurements showed that the preserved uvula in H-UPPP begins to retract 2 weeks postoperatively, and the preserved uvula becomes 'normal' in 3-6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H-UPPP is an effective surgery and produces fewer complications compared with the classic UPPP.
Adipose Tissue↗
Vestibulotomy above a severely displaced facial nerve.
CONCLUSIONS: Vestibulotomy above a severely displaced facial nerve represents a new surgical approach to achieve serviceable hearing. The lack of facial nerve injury and the potential for hearing restoration make this procedure feasible in patients who would otherwise be marginal or poor surgical candidates. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of vestibulotomy above a severely displaced facial nerve. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients with severe congenital conductive hearing loss underwent vestibulotomy above a severely displaced facial nerve and hearing reconstruction between January 2000 and January 2002. All patients had congenital middle ear deformities. The facial nerves overhung and concealed the oval window niche or lay inferior to the oval window. The facial nerves were transposed in order to reach the oval window niche in four of eight cases. RESULTS: Hearing gain was 15 dB in 2 ears, 16-25 dB in 3 and > 26 dB in 3. There were no cases of postoperative facial paresis.
Adolescent↗
Effect of isoproterenol on the regulation of rabbit airway ciliary beat frequency measured with high-speed digital and fluorescence microscopy.
To investigate how isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, regulates airway ciliary beat frequency (CBF), we simultaneously quantified changes in rabbit airway CBF and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to isoproterenol (100 micromol/L) by using high-speed (240 frames per second) and fluorescence microscopy. At approximately 30 degrees C, isoproterenol induced a change in CBF that could be separated into two parts. First, isoproterenol induced a moderate increase in the basal CBF that was calcium-independent. This response was unaffected by buffering the [Ca2+]i with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrapotassium salt (BAPTA). Second, isoproterenol induced a transient increase in CBF that was superimposed on the increased basal CBF and correlated with a simultaneous transient increase in [Ca2+]i. This transient increase in CBF was abolished by BAPTA. We conclude that isoproterenol initially increases CBF through a calcium-independent mechanism, probably via protein kinase A, and subsequently through a calcium-dependent mechanism mediated by an increase in [Ca2+]i.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
[Surgery of osteomas of the sinuses].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the different surgical choices for treating osteomas of the sinuses. To summarize the management and characteristics of each surgical operation. METHOD: A retrospective evaluation of thirty-one patients with osteomas of the sinuses from June 1993 to December 2001 was presented. Fourteen patients were operated through a lateral rhinotomy with radical operation in 13 cases. Eight patients were operated by nasal endoscopic management, osteomas were completely removed. Eight osteomas were removed with a coronal incision. One case underwent Caldwell-Luc surgery. The clinical symptoms, location of osteomas, and surgical procedures were analyzed. RESULT: The complications of brain spinal fistula occurred in 2 cases, but they were treated in the same time of operations. One patient had a single blindness after the operation. Twenty-eight cases were followed-up for 1 to 9 years with an average of three point seven years. Twenty-six patients had no recurrence, two cases lived with the remains of osteomas. CONCLUSION: The choice of surgical operations on osteomas of the sinuses was mainly decided by the location and size of osteomas, and the anatomic characteristics of sinuses, in the meanwhile, the organ function, the cosmetology, and the doctors experience were taken into account.
Adolescent↗
[Comparing the characteristics of psychophysical tests between cochlear implant children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome and normal inner ear].
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of psychophysical tests between cochlear implant children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome and normal inner ear and to analyse the characteristics of psychophysical and impedance tests for cochlear implant patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. METHOD: One hundred and thirty-one cochlear implant pre-lingual deafness patients participated in this study. They received cochlear implant surgery at the age of 1.5 to 12 years old from Nov, 1998 to Aug, 2003. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A had 111 patients with normal inner ear. Group B had 20 patients with radiographically proven large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. All of the patients were inserted with Nucleus 24M. The time of the first programming session was approximately 4 weeks after surgery. The psychophysical tests included T and C-Level tests. The programming techniques used in the test were suitable for the age of the patients. The R116 and R126 software were used to test the impedance of the electrodes automatically. RESULT: Using the independent-samples t-test, the impedance and T/C-Level of each electrode did not differ significantly between group A and B ( P > 0.05). The impedance and T/C-Level were not significantly different between group A and B at the time of switch-on, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after switch-on (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The parameters of mapping were not significantly different between cochlear implant children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome and normal inner ear. The management and procedure of mapping used in cochlear implant children with normal inner ear can be used in the children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
Case-Control Studies↗
[Retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic methods and the surgical treatment in carotid body tumor (CBT). METHOD: In retrospect of clinical data in 11 cases with CBT including CT, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), operation and its curative effect, the clinical experience in diagnosis and surgical treatment of CBT was summarized. RESULT: All 11 cases were classified as Shamblin I and II type. The cervical CT scan showed a tumorous lesion in the carotid bifurcation. DSA revealed definitely a solid vascular mass and its relation with the surrounding arteries. Preoperatively high selected embolization of the tumor- feeding artery could effectively reduce the intraoperative bleeding. All cases of CBT were resected without any carotid artery ligation. With 1-5 years follow-up, none of the CBT recurred in this 11 cases. CONCLUSION: CBT should be considered in patients with mass in the neck. The utilization of DSA could facilitate the diagnosis and the treatment of the CBT. Operation in the early stage of CBT could reduce the possibility of the injury of the arteries and the nerves.
Adult↗
[Application of microdebritor in the treatment of the juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment methods and improve the curative effects of the juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. METHOD: Fourteen patients with juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were treated from 2002 to 2003 by using microdebritor. RESULT: Among the 14 cases, eight cases had no recurrence after three to six operations within six month follow up and were decannulated,the other six cases had recurrence postoperatively. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that microdebritor surgery is an ideal therapy for the treatment of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Child↗
Morphology of auditory hair cells in guinea pig cochlea after transgene expression.
It is very important to determine if recombinant adenoviral vector (Ad) can damage the auditory hair cells in guinea pig cochlea after transgene expression. In this study, the scanning electron microscope was used to determine if there was loss of the auditory hair cells after Ad.LacZ (Ad5 containing Escherichia coli galactosidase) was inoculated into the cochlea through the round window membrane. Seven days later all inner and outer hair cells were found to express the LacZ gene. Except for the sparse loss of outer hair cells in the basal turn and the second turn, there was insignificant loss in the other turns. All inner hair cells were present. The damage to auditory hair cells resulting from intracochlear inoculation of Ad is limited, and this vector can be used as one of the ideal delivery tools in gene therapy of the cochlea.
Adenoviridae↗
Tone production in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants: a preliminary study.
OBJECTIVE: More than a quarter of the world's population speak tone languages, such as Mandarin Chinese. In those languages, the pitch or tone pattern of a monosyllabic word conveys lexical meaning. The purpose of this study was to investigate tone production in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Speech samples were recorded from seven normal-hearing and four CI children aged 4-9 years. All subjects were native Mandarin speakers. The speech samples were used for acoustic analysis of the tone patterns, i.e. the fundamental frequency contours. In addition, a tone intelligibility test was carried out in which four normal-hearing native Mandarin-speaking adults listened to the speech materials and judged the intelligibility of the children's tone production. RESULTS: The tone production for the seven normal-hearing children was considered to be perfect in the intelligibility test. Acoustic analysis of the speech materials of the normal-hearing children produced the four typical tone patterns of Mandarin Chinese: (i) high and flat; (ii) rising; (iii) low and dipping; and (iv) falling. The tone patterns produced by the children with CIs tended to be flat, with some other patterns being irregular. The results of the tone intelligibility tests also showed degraded intelligibility of tone patterns. CONCLUSION: A potential speech development deficit was documented in prelingually deafened children with CIs whose native language is a tone language. The imperfect tone production of the implant children, which can be attributed to the paucity of pitch information delivered via the current CI stimulation, may have significant implications for communication using tone languages. Further research is warranted to determine factors that may affect tone development in children with CIs.
Child↗
[Acute asthma attacks introduced by anesthesia before nasal endoscopic surgery].
OBJECTIVE: In order to pay our attention to the perioperative treatment before nasal endoscopic surgery. METHOD: Three patients with asthma accompanied chronic sinusitis were analyzed systemically, who had undergone acute attacks of asthma introduced by anesthesia. RESULT: Anesthetic drugs and instruments can lead to acute attacks of asthma, because sinusitis with asthma means allergic airway inflammation, broncho-hyperreactivity and lower compensatory pulmonary function. Then all of the 3 cases had missed the preoperative treatment. CONCLUSION: Anesthetic drugs and instruments can lead to acute attacks of asthma. The perioperative treatment before nasal endoscopic surgery is very important for the prevention of the occurrences of this severe complication. Except emergency, the operation should be can celled for avoiding the acute attack of asthma introduced by anesthesia.
Adult↗
[Research of the P substance on the olfactory mucous in sinusitis].
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pathogenesis of dysosphresia in the chronic sinusitis patients. METHOD: Fifty-five cases with chronic sinusitis as experimental group, and 11 cases as control,mere analyzed with acidophilus monitor, and then the P substances in their olfactory mucous were detected. RESULT: The positive ratio is 50.9% in the chronic sinusitis patients with dysosphresia, acidophilus monitor in factory mucous was 89.1%. Furthermore, it showed the SP locating in the olfactory cells, support cells, basal cell, glands, epithelium cells of blood vessels, a few of lymphocytes and acidophilus by using the histochemical, immunohistochemical technique (S-P method). CONCLUSION: The allergy change of olfactory mucous is one of the main factors that draw olfactory function disorder.
Adolescent↗
[The psychophysical tests in different age of patients with cochlear implants].
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to analyse and compare the psychophysical tests in different age of patients with a cochlear implant. METHOD: One hundred and seventy patients with Nucleus CI24M cochlear implant system participated in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to their age. They were group A (<3 year), B(3-<6 year) C(6-12 year) and D(>12 year). The psychophysical tests included T and C-Level evaluation. RESULT: C-Levels of each electrode (except electrode No. 20) were significantly different between group A and D at the time of one month after switch-on (P<0.01, P<0.05 for the No. 2, 18, 19, 21, 22 electrode). The normalized differences between used C-Levels and C-Levels for group D were significantly higher than the other three groups at the switch-on session (P<0.01, P<0.05 between group D and C). The normalized differences between used C-Levels and C-Levels were significantly different for the group A and D at one week after first programming session (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: T and C-Level for different age groups were different. The normalized differences between used C-Levels and C-Levels were significantly different among the four groups in the few weeks after switch-on.
Adolescent↗