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Biomedical subjects

E Alexandridis

Publications and source records attributed to E Alexandridis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Acute necrotizing retinitis with amotio retinae. Surgical and medicamentous antiviral therapy].

This report pertains to the case of a 25-year-old patient suffering from acute necrotizing retinitis (ANR syndrome). Initially, one eye revealed clinical signs of diffuse chorioretinitis accompanied by perivasculitis and heavy keratic precipitates, papillitis, and vitreous infiltrates. After initial improvement under antiphlogistic therapy, however, necrotizing retinitis developed, associated with peripapillar hemorrhages, multiple peripheral retinal holes and eventually complete retinal detachment. The subsequently performed retinal detachment surgery, completed with vitrectomy, cerclage and silicone oil tamponade, was successful. At the same time, the patient was put on systemic therapy based on acyclovir. In the literature, similar developments are usually related to HSV and HZV infections. Although in our case a virological diagnostic test did not reveal the presence of any virus, the characteristic symptoms of the ANR syndrome completely disappeared under the above-mentioned therapy. Visual acuity, previously consisting only in light perception, improved to 0.4.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

[Terson syndrome. Complicated clinical course].

A report is given on three patients who developed spontaneous subarachnoidal bleeding, together with vitreous hemorrhage (Terson's syndrome). In two patients the vitreous hemorrhage was unilateral and showed spontaneous resorption within 15 months. The third patient presented with bilateral vitreous hemorrhage, which first showed slow spontaneous resorption. Five months later, however, secondary vitreous bleeding occurred. Vitrectomy was therefore performed in both eyes. Post-operatively, both eyes developed focal vitreoretinal reproliferations with retinal tears, which led to retinal detachment that was successfully treated by surgery. Because of these observations we can make the following suggestions: in patients presenting with unilateral vitreous hemorrhage one should first watch the spontaneous resorption of the hemorrhage. If there is delayed blood resorption in bilateral vitreous hemorrhage and at the beginning of the hemorrhage, a pars plana vitrectomy should be performed. In one patient an additional ocular symptom peripheral paresis of the facial nerve; a second patient presented with paresis of the oculomotor nerve. Both resolved spontaneously within 15 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Function of the diabetic retina after panretinal argon laser photocoagulation. Influence of the intensity of the coagulation spots.

To investigate the influence of the intensity of coagulation spots on retinal function and the clinical course after panretinal argon laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy, we conducted a prospective study in 24 eyes of 12 diabetics. One eye was treated with moderate spots (average: 300 mW), the fellow eye was coagulated with intense spots (average: 600 mW). The spot size was identical in both eyes. Subjective parameters (visual acuity, perimetry), as well as objective functions (ERG, EOG) and the clinical course, were studied preoperatively and on a regular base with a follow-up of 12 months. Visual acuity and fundus findings deteriorated less often in eyes coagulated with intense spots. Visual field loss, however, was more prevalent in eyes treated with intense spots. Early treatment complications only occurred with high-energy coagulation. For this reason, high-energy spots should not be used even though they might be indicated theoretically.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Silicone oil tamponade in the management of severe hemorrhagic detachment of the choroid and ciliary body after surgical trauma.

Eight patients with massive hemorrhagic choroidal and ciliary body detachment after surgical trauma leading to all signs of a beginning phthisis bulbi have been treated by means of silicone oil tamponade in conjunction with multiple subchoroidal drainage and vitrectomy. Almost complete reattachment of the retina and choroid was achieved in all eyes accompanied by improvement of visual function. However, hypotony was persistent in 3 eyes. Two eyes with postoperative hypotony worsened dramatically after silicone oil removal. After silicone refilling both eyes markedly recovered within 6 and 8 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Histopathology findings following retinal tack implantation.

For the first time this report describes the histopathological findings 2 months after retinal-tack implantation in a human eye. A stainless-steel tack was implanted to seal a small retinal tear during vitrectomy because of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in a 38-year-old man. By gross examination the enucleated eye showed a total retinal detachment except at the site where the tack had been implanted. Histologically a fibrovascular tissue proliferation arising from the choroid had grown into the adjacent retina at the tack site. No inflammatory reaction, pigment epithelium proliferation or glial-cell proliferation attributable to the tack were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pupillographic perimetry using the "Octopus"].

The Octopus 2000 computerized perimeter (Interzeag, Schlieren, Switzerland) is combined with an infrared videopupillograph (Demel, Haan, FRG) which at the same time records the direct pupil light response and controls fixation. Digital processing of the pupil video image is performed at a rate of 25 cps. A transient oscilloscope display of the pupil surface after each light stimulus covers the subsequent 1000 ms, so that either pupillary light reflexes or the lack of a response can immediately be identified. An additional continuous penwriter printout shows light stimuli, pupil responses and the subject's responses. Thus, potential discrepancies between the pupil response and the subject's response are clearly revealed. The examination conditions slightly deviate from the standard ones used with the Octopus. Stimulus size is analogous to the target Goldmann/V, the stimulus duration 100 ms and the adaptive illumination 1 cd/m2. Pupil fatigue considerably exceeds visual fatigue. Therefore standard Octopus perimetric programs are inconvenient for pupilloperimetric purposes. A Sargon-based pupilloperimetric program determines pupillomotor increment thresholds at 12 stimulus locations throughout the visual field (20 degrees nasal, 0 degrees, 20 degrees and 40 degrees temporal/15 degrees above the 0 degrees meridian, 0 degrees meridian and 15 degrees below the 0 degrees meridian) while applying the normal Octopus strategy of threshold calculation. Instead of the patient's subjective responses, the examiner's assessment of pupil responses provides the basis for threshold determination by the Octopus program. The subjects are unaware of the mode of examination. Their rating of "seen" or "not seen" ist displayed together with the pupil responses, thus providing a hard copy as proof of malingering or of appropriate cooperation.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1987

Function of the diabetic retina after panretinal argon laser coagulation.

Panretinal photocoagulation has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on the natural history of diabetic retinopathy. However, it is associated with detectable loss of retinal function. To determine the best coagulation technique we conducted a prospective study in 32 eyes of 16 patients. We investigated retinal function in relation to spot size and scatter density after panretinal laser coagulation. One eye was treated with approximately 400 comparatively large laser spots (0.6-0.8 mm diameter), whereas the fellow eye was coagulated with approximately 1500 small spots (0.2-0.4 mm diameter), so that the total coagulated area was almost the same in both eyes. Subjective parameters (visual acuity, perimetry, dark adaptation, photostress), as well as objective functions (electroretinogram, ERG; electro-oculogram, EOG), were studied preoperatively and then postoperatively over a time span of 6 months. Pronounced impairment of retinal function was detected, which recovered after 3 months on the average. When the pairs of eyes were compared, persistent visual field scotomas as detected by computerized static perimetry, occurred less frequently in eyes subjected to small coagulation spots, although this tendency was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole.

Of 21 retinal detachments with a macular hole, 18 (86%) were cured by cerclage, combined with drainage of the subretinal fluid and light (laser) coagulation of the macula. By means of this simple procedure, recommended by Meyer-Schwickerath in 1961, many surgical difficulties and possible complications, especially posterior pole hemorrhages, can be avoided and relatively good function of the central retina can be achieved. Even highly myopic eyes with moderate staphyloma can be treated successfully by this technique.

Drug Implants↗
PubMed1985

Pupil increment thresholds are influenced by color opponent mechanisms.

Pupillomotor and sensory spectral sensitivity curves of light-adapted eyes were compared. Experimental conditions were designed to favor (despite the threshold criterion) opponent processing of signals: long (500-ms) stimuli of large diameter (60 degrees) were presented centrally on an intense (16 cd/m2) white background. Narrow spacing of monochromatic stimuli permitted the recording of peaks and troughs in the increment spectral sensitivity curve which neither coincided with the characteristics of receptor pigment absorption spectra nor with the V-lambda curve. They are considered as showing influences of opponency mechanisms. Pupillomotor spectral sensitivity paralleled the sensory one, exhibiting the influence of opponency mechanisms on the pupil. Using more physiological conditions, human photopic spectral sensitivity was revealed as a three-peaked function, in sensory as well as in pupillomotor terms.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnosis and therapy of median blow-out fractures].

Isolated medial blow-out fractures are rare. This report presents such a case in which blunt trauma to the orbit due to a ski accident was followed by herniation of the orbital fasciae and the nasal orbital tissue into the ethmoid and nasal cavity resulting in ptosis, enophthalmos, and total motility impairment in all directions. In particular, an incomplete abduction could be detected. To avoid recurrent infections, because of communication with the pneumatic cells of sinuses, a composite graft from the nasal septum was used for the reconstruction of the medial orbital wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Disturbances of the pupil reflex associated with lesions of the upper visual pathway (author's transl)].

In six patients with ischemic lesions of the visual pathways above the lateral geniculate body, the pupil light reflex was investigated under perimetric conditions. The size of the lesions--in four cases caused by lateralized cerebral infarction, in two cases by complicated migraine attacks--was certified by neurological examination and by angiography or computerized tomography respectively. The recordings were done with a portable pupillograph measuring the infrared light reflected from the iris. A Tübinger perimeter served as stimulator. All patients except one, whose visual fields recovered quickly and completely, showed parallel tracings concerning the sensory and the pupillographic profiles, in the older lesions as well as in the recent ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Recovery of rod and cone systems after retinal detachment surgery].

The paper reports on the threshold values for light perception of circumscript retinal areas for different adaptation levels in patients successfully operated for retinal detachment. The examinations were carried out by means of the Tübingen projection perimeter, using the method of static perimetry in a meridian containing an approximately equal area of healthy and of formerly detached retina. The main aim of this examination was to establish whether both retinal photoreceptor systems recover within the same time after the operation. There is various evidence that the restitutions of the rod and cone systems do not occur at the same time.

Humans↗