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Biomedical subjects

E Avrahami

Publications and source records attributed to E Avrahami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The role of T2-weighted gradient echo in MRI demonstration of spinal multiple myeloma.

Fifty patients with proven multiple myeloma (MM) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination of entire spine in sagittal view using T1-weighted image (T1), T2-weighted image (T2), and T2-weighted gradient echo (GE). In 18 patients, the myelomatous foci were hyperintensive in GE and T2 and hypointensive in T1. They corresponded with osteolytic lesions in computed tomography (CT) scan. In another 16 patients with MM, the hyperintensive vertebral foci demonstrated by GE, corresponded with unhomogenic pattern of the vertebral bone marrow in T1 and T2, and insignificant computed tomography (CT) scan. Needle biopsy confirmed histologically the diagnosis MM of involved vertebra in all of them. The vertebral bone marrow had lower signal intensity in GE, which ensured a good contrast between the myelomata and the uninvolved bone marrow. Practically GE enabled the radiologic diagnosis of the spine in 16 patients. It also can prevent a diagnostic pitfall when a fatty focus is suspicious for myeloma in T2 and its demonstration in T1 is poor. Fatty foci were demonstrated in a control group, which included 20 elderly patients who had no history of malignancy. The fatty foci had lower signal intensity in GE and different from the hyperintensive myelomata. Gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaocetic acid (Gd-DTPA) which was administered intravenously in three patients with spinal MM offered no advantage and obscured the lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

CT demonstration of intracranial haemorrhage in term newborn following vacuum extractor delivery.

Ten term newborns underwent CT of the brain 12-24 h following vacuum extractor delivery. Haemorrhage in the area of the tentorium was demonstrated in all of them, with similar findings in all cases. CT 1 week later demonstrated reabsorption of the blood without demonstrating any other brain pathology. Clinical and CT examination a year after delivery did not reveal any abnormality. The haemorrhage appears to be a benign condition.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Computed tomography of healing condylar fractures with some clinical correlations.

A longitudinal study using computed tomographic (CT) examinations has been performed in 79 patients with condylar fracture of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). CT scans were performed following healing to demonstrate the new condylar shape. Maximal incisor distance was measured in all patients. Patients with mild deformities of the condyles had satisfactory function of the TMJs with a maximal distance between the incisors that was similar to 50 healthy controls (average 45 mm). Fifteen patients with severely deformed condyles and an abnormal shape of the glenoid fossa had an average maximal distance between the incisors of 16 mm which corresponded with severe malfunction of the TMJs. The remaining 42 patients with moderate condylar deformity had an average maximal distance between the incisors of 29 mm and the disability of the TMJs was considered to be moderate. The results were statistically significant. There was no resorption of the fractured condylar head or bone fragment. The correlation of the fractured head or fragment and the remodelling of the condyle during the healing process determined the final alignment of the fractured condyle to the glenoid fossa on which the TMJs' function was dependent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pneumomediastinum following blowout fracture of the medial orbital wall: a case report.

An unusual case of cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum following a blowout fracture of the medial orbital wall is presented. Severe pulmonary distress did not occur, and the trapped air rapidly absorbed. The source of the emphysema and its progression is discussed considering the anatomic relations of the facial and cervical subcutaneous space and the mediastinum. To our knowledge, this complication is rare and has been documented only once before in an isolated blowout fracture of the orbit.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Ulnar translation of the scaphoid: an early X-ray sign of rheumatoid arthritis.

The distance between the os trapezium and radius (which we called scaphoid distance) became shorter during the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Measurement of this distance was performed in 600 hands (300 patients), using standard position of patient's hand in supination with permanent angle (15-20%) between the axis of the radius and the axis of the third metacarpal bone (scaphoid distance). This provided a stable distance between the most distal point of the radial styloid process and most proximal point of the os trapezium. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group consisting of 100 patients with no inflammatory joint disease, and a group of 200 patients suffering from RA. Patients suffering from RA with bone erosions had smaller scaphoid distance than those suffering from RA without bone erosions. The ratio between the distance from the distal radius to the most distal point of the third metacarpal bone and scaphoid index was called carpo-metacarpo-scaphoid index. It excluded the constitutional influence on the scaphoid distance. The shorter the scaphoid distance, the bigger the carpo-metacarpo-scaphoid index. The average indexes were: in the control group 7.8 (+/- 0.4), in group 2A with advanced RA 21.1 (+/- 4.1), and in group 2B with early RA without bone changes 12.0 (+/- 1.6). The results were statistically significant. The measurements are easy to perform and may be helpful in the early X-ray diagnosis of RA, when there are no bone erosions, or narrowing of articular spaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

EEG recordings following intrathecal iohexol administration.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were performed before and after intrathecal administration of iohexal (Omnipaque) in 30 patients who underwent cervical myelography or cisternography. Tracings were recorded before, several hours after, and 24 h after iohexol administration. No abnormalities were recorded. It can be concluded that iohexol is a safe contrast medium, having less encephalopathic effects than more commonly used substances such as metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Computed tomographic (CT) demonstration of calcification of the ligamenta flava of the lumbosacral spine associated with protrusion of the intervertebral disc.

Axial computed tomographic (CT) scan of the lumbosacral region was performed in 220 patients. The patient population was divided into three groups. The control group included 40 elderly patients without calcification of the ligamenta flava. The second group included 150 patients with posterior protrusion of the intervertebral discs. The third group included 30 patients with spinal stenosis. More than 80% of the patients of the second and the third group had calcification of the ligamenta flava. The diagnostic and practical importance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hereditary chondrocalcinosis in an Ashkenazi Jewish family.

A hereditary chondrocalcinosis is described for the first time in an Ashkenazi Jewish kindred. Of 34 family members in five generations, seven had medical history suggesting the disease. Five of 25 members of generations III-V had direct evidence for their disease. Characteristically, symptoms started at a fairly early age (third decade) while radiological evidence of chondrocalcinosis was delayed to the fourth decade. Joints commonly affected were knees, wrists, and elbows. The course was chronic with acute, exercise induced exacerbations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

MR demonstration of spontaneous acute epidural hematoma of the thoracic spine.

Two patients with spontaneous epidural hematoma of the thoracic spine are presented. The magnetic resonance (MR) examination performed within the first hours following the onset of symptoms demonstrated an epidural elongated lesion impinging on the spinal cord, compatible with hematoma. In one of the patients this finding was surgically confirmed. The second patient improved under steroid treatment. The MR findings were highly suggestive of the pathological nature of the lesion. The MR examination should replace other diagnostic procedures, such as computerised tomography (CT) and myelography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Epilepsy in patients with brain metastases triggered by intravenous contrast medium.

187 patients with histologically proven primary neoplasms underwent computed tomography (CT) of the brain following intravenous administration of contrast medium. Eight developed focal epileptic seizures 2 to 4 minutes after the start of the injection. In three of these patients, in whom there was CT evidence of bilateral mass lesions of the brain, this epileptic activity became generalised into grand mal seizures, and two died in status epilepticus. In the other five patients with unilateral deposits in the brain, the focal fits corresponded to the site of the lesion shown by CT. Three of the patients had follow-up electroencephalography (EEG) examinations which showed unilateral focal activity, and their EEG foci correlated with the CT findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with progressive myelopathy following spinal surgery.

Thirty one patients with insidious progressive myelopathy 2 to 8 years following surgery of the cervical spine were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 15 patients operated on for vascular malformations or intramedullary tumours, syringomyelia and cystic lesions of the spinal cord were shown. Seven of these patients also showed a combination of a recurrent tumour and spinal atrophy. Out of 16 patients who had surgery for herniated disc or spinal stenosis of the cervical spine, four had syringomyelia and 12 had spinal cord atrophy. There was no syringomyelia in the 12 patients submitted to MRI prior to surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Direct coronal high resolution computed tomography of the temporomandibular joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Direct coronal high resolution computed tomography (CT) examination of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) was performed in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Four patients of this group had disability of the TMJ associated with overgrowth of one of the mandibular condyles. This phenomenon has not yet been reported. Group 2 consisted of 10 patients with RA with clinically asymptomatic TMJ, 4 of whom had mild erosions of the condylar head seen on CT, consistent with RA. The majority of patients in Group 3, with clinically symptomatic TMJ showed CT changes of various degrees, which are discussed in this paper. Mild bone changes, not demonstrated by conventional procedures, were clearly seen by CT. Coronal view of the CT examination had advantages over other projections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Generalized epileptic seizures as the presenting symptom of lacunar infarction in the brain.

Five elderly hypertensive patients presented with grand mal seizures and had computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with lacunar infarction. Three of them had also a recent hemiparesis, contralateral to the side of the CT findings. Follow-up CT scans supported the diagnosis of lacunar infarction. Contrary to the accepted opinion, generalized epileptic seizures may be the presenting symptom of lacunar brain infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Modern high resolution computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone.

High resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) examinations were performed in 14 patients with clinically suspected fractures of the temporal bone (TBF). HRCT were performed previously by a sophisticated, but not the latest, generation CT scanner. No fractures were demonstrated. The patients were re-examined by the latest generation CT scanner which demonstrated unilateral hair-line longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone in all of the patients. All the cases were associated with partial aeration of the mastoid cells on the affected side. The importance of this symptom is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomographic demonstration of calcification of the ligamenta flava of the lumbosacral spine in ankylosing spondylitis.

An axial computed tomographic (CT) scan of the lumbosacral regions was performed in 65 patients. The patient population was divided into two groups. The first (control) group included 40 elderly patients without calcification of the ligamenta flava. The second group included 25 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. More than 90% of those in the second group showed calcified lumbosacral ligamenta flava. In two patients these calcifications produced spinal stenosis. The diagnostic and practical importance of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗