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Biomedical subjects

E Bertoft

Publications and source records attributed to E Bertoft.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The substitution pattern in cationised and oxidised potato starch granules.

The distribution pattern of substituents within the granules and the components of two cationised and two oxidised potato starches was studied. The level of crystallinity in wet-cationised (WC) and hypochlorite oxidised (HO) starch granules was similar to that of native starch granules but lower in dry-cationised (DC) and peroxide oxidised (PO) granules. However, the melting temperature of DC granules remained similar to native granules but was decreased in the other samples. With all modified starches, the initial rate of acid hydrolysis (lintnerisation) was increased compared to native granules. The degree of substitution decreased only slightly in WC granules after the lintnerisation, whereas virtually all the substituted glucosyl units in DC starch were hydrolysed already at initial stages. The decrease of substituents in the HO and PO starches was intermediate. The starches were partly resistant to the action of isoamylase and the successive beta-amylolysis, suggesting that substituents were found both close to the branches and near the nonreducing ends in the amylopectin component. It is suggested that the DC starch was preferentially cationised at the surface of the granules, whereas WC and oxidised starches were modified throughout the granules.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between branching density and crystalline structure of A- and B-type maize mutant starches.

Amylopectin from two double maize mutant starches of A-crystalline (wxdu) and B-crystalline type (aewx) was subjected successively to hydrolysis involving alpha and beta amylases, which isolated clusters and all branching zones of clusters (BZC). Enzymatic analysis together with ionic and size-exclusion chromatography revealed the structural features of the clusters and BZC and their role in starch crystallization. A-type clusters were larger (dp(n) > 80) and contained more (but shorter) chains than B-type clusters. The BZC of A-type starch was also larger, but with a shorter distance between the branching points than in B-type BZC. A-type clusters had a densely packed structure and B-type a poorly branched structure. Models for the structure of A- and B-type clusters are presented, and a hypothesis for the influence of cluster geometry on crystallization is proposed.

Amylopectin↗
PubMed1997

Enzymic analysis of the structure of oxidized potato starches.

The possibility to use enzymic methods for the analysis of the positions of carboxyl and carbonyl groups in sodium hypochlorite oxidized (HO) and hydrogen peroxide oxidized (PO) potato starches was investigated. The HO-starch, that contained more modified glucosyl residues, possessed a lower beta-amylolysis limit and all of the polymer components were resistant to complete hydrolysis as judged from gel-permeation chromatograms. In contrast, the PO-starch contained 24% of apparently unmodified, linear chains that were hydrolysed by beta-amylase. After debranching, approximately 30% of the chains in the HO-sample and approximately 20% in the PO-sample remained partly resistant to successive beta-amylolysis.

Amylopectin↗
PubMed1991

Investigation of the fine structure of alpha-dextrins derived from amylopectin and their relation to the structure of waxy-maize starch.

Alpha-dextrins, obtained by fractional precipitation with methanol of the products of the action of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase on waxy-maize amylopectin, were debranched with isoamylase and the distributions of the unit chains were analysed by gel-permeation chromatography. The large alpha-dextrins still contained long B-chains after hydrolysis for 60 min, but these were absent from the small dextrins with chain numbers of approximately 11 or less. The small dextrins contained increased amounts of chains with lengths intermediate of those of the long B-chains and the main part of the short chains. After hydrolysis for 210 min, almost all of the long B-chains had disappeared and the chains with intermediate lengths had been shortened further. The distributions of the unit chains of the internal chains, obtained by debranching of the phosphorolysis (phi)-limit dextrins, gave similar results and showed that the ratio of A- to B-chains was unchanged during the alpha-amylolysis. Models for the fine structure of the intermediate alpha-dextrins are proposed.

Amylopectin↗
PubMed1984

Competitive solid-phase immunoassay of testosterone using time-resolved fluorescence.

A competitive solid-phase immunoassay for the determination of testosterone in serum samples using time-resolved fluorescence is described. The solid phase is a testosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-ovalbumin conjugate coated to polystyrene microtiter strips. Europium-labelled polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against testosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-bovine serum albumin were compared. Their behavior was quite similar although the polyclonal antibody was more sensitive, giving a detection limit of 15 fmol testosterone per assay. Correlation with RIA was very good (r = 0.982 and y = -0.150 + 0.969x).

Animals↗