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Biomedical subjects

E Bostofte

Publications and source records attributed to E Bostofte.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Contraceptive habits in women between thirty and fifty years of age. A comparison of two periods, 1967--69 and 1972--74.

The use of contraception by women 30--50 years of age is presented. The material was composed of participants in the prophylactic investigations for cancer colli uteri in the southern part of Storstøms County, which was first performed in the period 1967--69 and secondly in 1972--74. A total of 17 028 women were examined, of whom 8 234 participated in both surveys. A comparision of the two periods of investigation revealed a significant increase (p<0.01) in the utilization of contraception and in shifting to more effective methods. This improvement was attributed to the increased amount of information about contraceptive methods which was made available in the country. It was observed that a remarkably large percentage of the women did not use contraception, 24.9 per cent among those 30--34 years of age, 26.9 per cent among those 35--39 years of age, 40.7 per cent among those 40--44 years of age and 57.2 per cent among those 45--49 years of age. Analysis of the influence of socioeconomic conditions showed that women of the lowest social stratum, with slight education and low income, made up a large proportion of those who abstained from contraception. The number of pregnancies was found to play a role in the use of contraception. An expansion of the distribution of information about contraception to the public is recommended, as well as a possible economic subsidy to the socially disadvantaged for procurement of contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

A comparison of termination of pregnancies in the 2nd trimester induced by intraamniotic injection of hypertonic saline, prostaglandin F2alpha or both drugs.

In recent years prostaglandins have been used to induce abortion. The effect is due to the ability of the prostaglandins to cause uterine contractions. Intraamniotic hypertonic saline interrupts pregnancy by terminating the foetus and destroying the placenta. For many years we have had satifactory results with the latter method. However, it was considered that results might be improved by combining prostaglandin and hypertonic saline in a single therapeutic regime. In order to investigate the problem, 75 pregnant women of 13-19 weeks gestation were divided into 3 groups. In group I abortion was induced by 20% saline given intra-amniotically (max. 200 ml), in group II by 25 mg prostaglandin F2alpha and in group III by injecting both drugs simultaneously. The injection was never repeated. If abortion had not occurred within a time limit of 48 hours an oxytocin drip (120 MU/min) was given. If abortion had still not taken place within 24 hours after setting up the oxytocin drip the case was classified as unsuccessful. In the saline group 52% had an abortion within 48 hours and 72% within 72 hours after the intraamniotic injection, the average being 45,6 hours. In the prostaglandin group the corresponding figures were 68% and 92% and the average time from injection to abortion being 37,2 hours. In the combination treatment group the figures were 96% and 100% with the average time of 20,3 hours. The frequency of side effects and complications were low and equal in the three groups. Only the frequency of vomiting was different. In group I: nil, in group II: one case, and in group III: three cases. No episodes of diarrhoea was observed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation between spermatozoa motility and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period spermatozoa motility and fertility.

The clinical fertility of 1077 men with an infertility problem investigated with semen analysis including assessment of spermatozoa motility during the years 1950-52 was studied 20 years later using a questionnaire, replied by 785 (72.9%). Spermatozoa motility was assessed with a subjective method with four degrees--excellent, good, impaired and poor. There were significant correlations between better motility and number of living children (p less than 0.01) and to shortest time--interval to first pregnancy (p less than 0.001). Motility was not correlated to abortions and otherwise pathological pregnancies. With a poor motility there was still a fairly good chance of obtaining living children (32.7%) compared with 58.7% for an excellent motility), and it is therefore concluded, that assessment of spermatozoa motility is only suited for classification of slightly and modestly reduced male fertility, and not for classification of severely impaired fertility.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation between number of immobile spermatozoa and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period immobile spermatozoa and fertility.

The clinical fertility of 1077 men examined with semen analysis including detection of number of immobile spermatozoa during the years 1950-52 was studied twenty years later with a questionnaire replied by 785 (72.9%). There was a significant relation (p less than 0.01) between decreasing number of immobile spermatozoa and increasing chance of getting living children, but no relation to abortions and pathological pregnancies. Furthermore, decreasing number of immobile spermatozoa was correlated to shorter time-interval between attempt to impregnate and first pregnancy obtained (p less than 0.01). Mean values for those obtaining living children was 34.7% immobile spermatozoa compared with 38.2% for those not doing so. Over 80% immobile spermatozoa, fertility was considerably reduced, and the borderline between normal and reduced male fertility should therefore be defined to 80% immobile spermatozoa.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socio-economic status and fertility of couples examined for infertility, social status and fertility.

The clinical Fertility of 1000 couples consecutively examined for infertility during 1950-52 was assessed 20 years later by means of a questionnaire, and results were compared with their socio-economic class as defined by the Svalastoga classification. Examinations had included semen analysis performed in our laboratory. 51 couples with known sterility because of azoospermia were excluded. The questionnaire was returned by 691 (72.8%). Couples of higher classes obtained more children (p less than 0.01) than those of lower classes, and they obtained, consistently, their first child in shorter time (p less than 0.01). Semen analysis showed better parameters of spermatozoa motility in higher classes, but the morphology was poorer, and there was no relation to socio-economic class when the different characteristics of semen analysis were combined according to the Hammen classification system of semen quality. It is discussed that the better fertility prognosis of couples of higher socio-economic classes not explained by a difference in semen quality of the men may indirectly indicate that females of lower classes suffered from more severe gynaecological diseases and abnormalities combined with a reduced fertility potential.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regression toward the mean in fertility research--an empirical study of semen quality.

Regression toward the mean denotes circumstances, where extreme observations tend to normalize at repetition. The phenomenon is caused by random variation and may occur whenever mainly persons with extreme values are subject to repeated examinations. We furnish empirical evidence that the phenomenon may be quantitatively important in fertility research with regard to some, but probably not all indicators of semen quality.

Fertility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sperm penetration test (P-test) can predict fecundability in the male partner from infertile couples.

Three hundred and twenty-one consecutive couples were investigated for infertility at Hvidovre University Hospital in the period from November 1977 to June 1985. The male partners were evaluated in two ways: the classical semen analysis, and the ability of sperm to penetrate fresh hen egg white, the P-test. A Cox regression analysis was used to describe the relation between these variables and fecundability, i.e. the time required to conceive. Four of thirteen variables--the number of morphologically normal spermatozoa, the number of motile spermatozoa, the P-test, and the man's age--each have significant relation to the fecundability. However, when covariation is considered, only the P-test and the man's age possess significant prognostic information, whereas the variables of the classical semen analysis do not. This indicates that the P-test may replace the classical semen analysis when trying to predict individual pregnancy probabilities. Finally, the P-test and the man's age are combined to form a prognostic index which predicts the fecundability of the male partner in the individual infertile couple.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hysterosalpingography, pre- and postoperative laparoscopy in operative treatment of infertility.

The benefit of routine hysterosalpingography (HSG) and pre- and postoperative laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating anatomical infertility was investigated in 115 women. The findings at HSG and laparoscopy were compared with the diagnoses obtained by laparotomy. Laparoscopy was significantly better than HSG in detecting adhesions. Both procedures were of equal value in assessing tubal pathology. Although HSG revealed additional findings in 5 per cent of cases, none of these needed operative correction. Postoperative laparoscopy, which was performed in 70 patients, did not affect the incidence of either intra- or extra-uterine pregnancy. It is concluded that all patients should be offered diagnostic laparoscopy. HSG and second-look laparoscopy should not be used routinely.

Adult↗