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Biomedical subjects

E C Greiner

Publications and source records attributed to E C Greiner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Two electropherotypes of bluetongue virus serotype 2 from naturally infected calves.

The first isolation of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 2 in the U.S.A. was in 1982 from a sentinel herd of cattle at Ona, Florida. Electrophoretic analysis of genome RNA revealed that all 16 serotype 2 isolates obtained from this focus of infection had one of two electropherotypes (designated Ona A and Ona B). All genome segments of Ona A and Ona B had detectable differences in electrophoretic mobility, with major differences noted for segments 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Electrophoretic comparison revealed that Ona A was indistinguishable from the African serotype 2 prototype isolated 23 years earlier. In 1983, Ona B, in the apparent absence of Ona A, was isolated from two additional cattle herds in Florida. These results suggest that Ona B may be a variant of Ona A that evolved as a result of mutation or reassortment with another BTV strain, and may be better adapted to the selective pressures found in southern Florida. Comparison of the electropherotypes of Ona B with two Florida isolates of serotype 13 and 17 and the prototypes of BTV 10, 11, 13 or 17 produced no evidence for reassortment between Ona A and any of these strains as the possible origin of Ona B.

Africa↗
PubMed1985

Orbiviruses from Culicoides in Florida.

Between 1980 and 1983, 45,484 Culicoides spp. collected in Florida near cattle have been examined for orbiviruses by attempted isolation in cell cultures and intravenous (IV) inoculations of embryonated chicken eggs. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 2 was isolated from a pool of Culicoides insignis trapped at Ona. This is the 1st recovery of BTV from this species representing the 2nd new world species of Culicoides from which BT viruses have been isolated. C. insignis is a neotropical form which extends from northern Florida through the Caribbean region and much of South America. If this species is proven capable of biological transmission of BTV, it could help explain the distribution of antibodies to BTV in areas lacking C. variipennis. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 2 was recovered from several pools of C. variipennis collected at 2 beef cattle operations in Florida. No viruses were isolated from the small number of C. arboricola, C. stellifer and C. niger examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Observations on larval habitats of suspected Culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in Florida.

Potential breeding sites for Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) and C. insignis Lutz, suspected vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in Florida, were examined at 7 livestock facilities located in different geographic regions of the state. The 2 most productive habitats were mud contaminated by effluent from milking parlors (92.3 larvae/sample) and margins of vegetated ponds (18.8 larvae/sample). Four species of biting midges, C. crepuscularis Malloch, C. haematopotus Malloch, C. insignis, and C. variipennis were reared from immature stages extracted from substrate samples. Culicoides insignis was recovered from samples taken from muddy areas in pastures and margins of vegetated ponds, whereas C. variipennis was collected around waste lagoons and from mud contaminated by effluent from milking parlors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serological observations on the epidemiology of bluetongue virus infections in the Caribbean and Florida.

Serological surveys of cattle, sheep and goats have confirmed that infection with bluetongue virus (BTV) is common in Florida, Puerto Rico and St. Croix in the USA, in the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, St. Kitts/Nevis, Antigua, St. Lucia, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Bahamas, and in the South American countries of Guyana and Suriname. In most countries, over 50% of ruminant livestock have antibody to BTV as assessed by the bluetongue immunodiffusion (BTID) test. A sentinel animal system operating in Florida and 4 islands in the Caribbean has established that the transmission of BTV is seasonal, with most animals becoming infected in late summer and fall. In Florida, it appears that there may be some years when little virus transmission occurs among cattle. Examination of sera from yearling animals and sentinels in the region for antibody to the range of serotypes of BTV recognized worldwide, has resulted in a) the isolation of BTV type 2 from cattle in Florida - the 1st time this virus has been identified in the Western Hemisphere - and b) the recognition that the range of serotypes of BTV present in the Caribbean may be different from those in the USA. No clinical disease has been associated with BTV during the period of these studies (1979-83).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of fenbendazole and cambendazole against Muellerius capillaris in dairy goats.

Two anthelmintics, fenbendazole and cambendazole, were used in an attempt to eliminate Muellerius capillaris infections in a group of 44 goats. During the course of this study (508 days), M capillaris larvae were found in at least one fecal specimen from each of 22 of the 44 goats. All 44 goats were dewormed with fenbendazole (30 mg/kg of body weight) at the onset of this study (day 18). Two additional dewormings with fenbendazole at 4- to 8-week intervals were restricted to the goats that continued to shed M capillaris larvae. On the basis of routine fecal examinations, fenbendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 8 (36%) of these 22 goats. On day 253, cambendazole (60 mg/kg) was given orally to 17 of these 22 goats (2 of the 22 had died and 3 were not available for treatment); 13 of these goats were still shedding M capillaris larvae. Cambendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 10 (77%) of these 13 goats chronically infected with M capillaris.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serological survey of ruminants in some Caribbean and South American countries for type-specific antibody to bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses.

The results of a serological survey of ruminant livestock in some countries of the Caribbean and South America for type-specific antibody to bluetongue virus are reported. Using the microneutralisation test with the international serotypes 1 to 22 of bluetongue virus, antibodies to several types were detected. Analysis of the data indicated that in 1981-82 bluetongue virus types 6, 14 and 17, or viruses closely related to them, were infecting ruminants in this region of the world. Antibody to the related virus of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (serotype 1) was also detected in cattle. The difficulty in interpreting the epidemiological significance of data generated by a serological survey of this kind is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ixodid ticks on feral swine in Florida.

More than 99% of the 645 feral swine (Sus scrofa L.) in southern Florida harbored ixodid ticks. Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) was present on 99.6% of the swine and comprised 82.5% of the ticks collected. Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) occurred on 85.9% of the hosts and 17.4% of the collections were of this species. Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick) and Ixodes scapularis (Black-legged tick) were found infrequently and together constituted less than 0.1% of the ticks. Pigs were infested by 7-22 days of age and 95% carried ticks by 6 wk of age. Only adult ticks were found on swine from southern Florida, but immature stages of A. americanum were present from a small sample of swine from northern Florida. Each species had a different pattern of distribution on the feral swine. No Ornithodoros species were found among the 36,616 ticks collected from feral swine during this survey.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Verminous (Strongylus vulgaris) myelitis in a donkey.

A fifth stage Strongylus vulgaris migrated through the spinal cord of a 2-year-old, male donkey resulting in progressive paraparesis and then tetraplegia. A profound neutrophilic pleocytosis was detected on analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. The parasite appeared to have entered the mid-lumbar spinal cord, migrated to the cranial thoracic segments, exited, then re-entered the spinal cord a few segments craniad. It then traveled further cranially and was found in the third cervical spinal cord segment. Some parts of the lesion were remarkably free from tissue necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammation. Severe granulomatous myelitis with hemorrhage and necrosis were seen at other sites. The latter were quite similar to lesions seen in equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Proliferative sparganosis in a cat.

Aberrant, proliferative sparganosis was diagnosed in a 6-yr-old male domestic long-haired cat from Gainesville, Florida. The cat spent all of its life in Florida. Postmortem examination revealed lesions and spargana in the stomach, spleen, and liver. By light and electron microscopy, unusual mononuclear cells, interpreted as host-derived monocytes, were evident in the stroma of the spargana. Retrovirus-like particles were present in the cytoplasm of some of these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serological survey of ruminant livestock in some countries of the Caribbean region and South America for antibody to bluetongue virus.

A serological survey of 6250 sera from cattle, sheep and goats in seven Caribbean and two South American countries showed that antibody to bluetongue virus was widely distributed in each species throughout the survey area. Overall prevalences of antibody were 70 per cent in cattle, 67 per cent in sheep and 76 per cent in goats as assessed by an immunodiffusion test. Within countries the percentage prevalences were Jamaica 77, St Kitts/Nevis 70, Antigua 76, St Lucia 82, Barbados 61, Grenada 88, Trinidad and Tobago 79, Guyana 52 and Surinam 84. No clinical cases of bluetongue have been confirmed in the area surveyed and there are no virus isolates available to indicate which serotype(s) of virus is/are causing the infection(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of bluetongue virus serotype 2 from cattle in Florida: serotype of bluetongue virus hitherto unrecognized in the Western Hemisphere.

A serotype of bluetongue virus (BTV) hitherto unrecognized in the Western Hemisphere was isolated from cattle in the United States. Clinical disease was not seen in the cattle which were part of a sentinel herd system in Florida designed for studying the epizootiology of BTV. The isolation of serotype 2 was the first recovery of a different serotype of BTV in the United States since 1967. At least 21 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide; the 5 serotypes of BTV now recognized in the United States are 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Coccidia of feral swine from Florida.

Fecal samples from 251 free-ranging feral swine (Sus scrofa) in Florida were examined for coccidia. Ten species of coccidia were recovered. In descending order with respect to prevalence, they were Eimeria porci, E debliecki, E neodebliecki, E scarbra, E suis, E cerdonis, E polita, E perminuta, Isospora suis, and E spinosa. Of the swine examined, 87% were passing oocysts and 82% of the infected individuals were shedding at least 2 species of coccidia. All age classes included infected individuals. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence were found among study sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Dermatitis in horses and man caused by the straw itch mite.

An episode of dermatitis in 12 horses and many animal handlers in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Florida was attributed to the straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici. The mite was found in abundance alfalfa hay that recently had been delivered to the hospital. Papules were the most common cutaneous lesions, and these developed on areas of the body to which the mites had easiest access. The clinical course was self-limiting, remitting when the hay supply was depleted.

Animals↗