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Biomedical subjects

E C Greiner

Publications and source records attributed to E C Greiner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Migration of a spiruroid nematode through the brain of a horse.

A pregnant 10-year-old Paint mare was examined because of an acute neurologic disturbance. Physical examination revealed signs consistent with extensive, asymmetric brain stem disease. The hemogram, serum chemical panel, and results of lumbosacral spinal fluid analysis were within normal limits. A primary diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis was considered, and the mare was placed on treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. After 5 weeks of steady improvement, an acute exacerbation of neurologic signs necessitated euthanasia of the mare. At necropsy, large, malacic tracts were found extending through the brain stem and cerebral cortex. Cross sections of a nematode were observed microscopically and subsequently were identified as belonging to a single gravid female Draschia megastoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Blood parasites of prairie anatids and their implication in waterfowl management in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Information on the blood parasites occurring in 3,866 anatids of 14 species collected from five locations in Alberta and Saskatchewan during 1976-80 is summarized. An overall prevalence of 26% with avian hematozoa was recorded. Leucocytozoon simondi was the most frequently encountered parasite, occurring in 17% of the ducks; Haemoproteus nettionis was observed in 11% of the birds while Plasmodium circumflexum and microfilariae (probably of Splendidofilaria fallisensis) occurred in only 2% and less than 1% of the sample respectively. Overall prevalence of infection in both immatures and adults was similar, although the sample was heavily biased in favor of the immature age class. While the overall prevalence of L. simondi was similar in both age classes, H. nettionis occurred twice as frequently in the adult birds. Infection prevalences of birds in the five geographic areas sampled were different and these differences are discussed. Prevalences also differed from year to year in birds from the various areas and these differences are attributed, in part, to the water levels encountered each year. Leucocytozoon simondi is considered a potentially limiting factor for waterfowl production in some areas of northern Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

An epizootic of avian botulism in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern Florida.

Type C botulism was determined to be the cause of an epizootic among waterfowl and shorebirds in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern Florida during May and June of 1979. Several hundred birds, the most common of which were American coots (Fulica americana), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), common gallinules (Gallinula chloropus), and northern shovelers (Anas clypeata), were afflicted over about a three-week period. A second smaller outbreak occurred in the same pond in early December of 1979. This is apparently the first time that botulism has been reported in waterbirds of Florida.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hematozoa of wood ducks (Aix spons) in the Atlantic flyway.

A total of 213 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) from 24 localities in 12 states in the Atlantic Flyway was examined for blood parasites in 1976 and 1977. Hematozoa were present in birds from every collection site from Virginia northward to Maine. Only one infection was detected in birds from North Carolina southward to Florida. Haemoproteus nettionis was the most common parasite, occurring in 56% of the northern wood ducks; Leucocytozoon simondi (20%), Plasmodium circumflexum (6%), and microfilariae (18%) were found also. Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and microfilariae were more commonly observed in juvenile birds than adults. There was no difference in prevalence between male and female ducks. The prevalence of each parasite species varied among collection sites in the northern states.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Haemoproteus meleagridis Levine 1961: redescription and developmental morphology of the gametocytes in turkeys.

Haemoproteus meleagridis Levine 1961 is redescribed and illustrated from material obtained from wild and domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Florida and Georgia. The mature gametocyte of this haemoproteid surrounds the erythrocytic nucleus, occupies 80 to 90% of the host-cell-parasite complex, and causes atrophy of the host cell's nucleus and hypertrophy of the host cell. The developmental sequence of H. meleagridis was studied critically. Following the entry of merozoites into the erythrocytes, they grew into halteridial and then circumnuclear forms. This was followed by a 10- to 13-day period during which trophozoites were not detectable by blood smear, and after which, the trophozoites returned to the peripheral circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Hematozoa from Southern African vultures, with a description of Haemoproteus janovyi sp. n.

This study represents the first major survey of avian hematozoa from southern Africa and the only one dealing with blood parasites of vultures. Blood smears from 506 Rhodesian, Botswanan and South African vultures (Hooded, White-headed, Lappetfaced, Cape Griffon and Whitebacked Vultures) were examined for hematozoa. Haemoproteus janovyi sp. n. was observed in 35.2% of the vultures, Leucocytozoon toddi in 0.8%, Plasmodium fallax in 0.6%, Atoxoplasma sp. in 1.4% and microfilariae in 0.2%. Hematozoan prevalence increased with age of the vultures. Only 2 of 133 nestlings sampled during the dry season had patent parasitemias (L. toddi). Haemoproteid prevalence in immature vultures was depressed during the dry season, whereas it was stable throughout the year in adults. The only species which nests on cliffs (the Cape Griffon Vulture) did not harbor hematozoa whereas the other species which nest and roost in trees were infected with at least one hematozoan species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of the hematozoa of Neotropical birds.

The literature pertaining to the prevalence of avian hematozoa in the Neotropics, together with unpublished records from the files of the International Reference Centre for Avian Haematozoa, has been examined with respect to the distribution of parasite genera by host family and region. The blood parasites of 35555 birds of 955 species (80 families) occurring in the Neotropics formed the basis for the comparisons. Only 3743 (10.5%) individuals harbored one or more species of hematozoa. Haemoproteus was the most commonly observed form exhibiting a 7.4% prevalence, followed by Plasmodium (1.9%), microfilaria (1.2%), Trypanosoma (0.6%), and Leucocytozoon (0.2%). Hematozoan prevalence varied markedly from region to region and among families. In comparison with a similar review of Nearctic avian hematozoan distribution, the Neotropics demonstrated a much lower prevalence and a near absence of Leucocytozoon.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Blood parasites of some columbiform and passeriform birds from Chile.

Ninety-one birds of 23 species from Chile were examined for haematozoa; 13 birds of seven species harbored species of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and microfilariae. Haemoproteids (representing four species) were the most common parasites and occurred in 10 of the 13 infected birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Blood parasites of some waterfowl from Victoria, Australia.

A total of 316 anatids (5 species) from Serendip Wildlife Research Station, Lara, Victoria, were examined for blood parasites. Twenty-two of the ducks (all five species) harbored Haemoproteus nettionis and one also harbored Plasmodium relictum. None of 12 dusky moorhens (Gallinula tenebrosa) were infected. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of H. nettionis between species or age groups of ducks. No evidence of infection with Leucocytozoon, Trypanosoma or microfilaria was obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some infectious and parasitic diseases in Oklahoma raptors.

Blood films and sera samples from wild Oklahoma raptors (Strigiformes--36 birds, 3 species; Falconiformes--50 birds, 7 species) were examined for hematozoa and tested for serologic antibody response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), encephalitis (EEE and WEE), ornithosis, and influenza. Twenty-nine of 36 (80.5) Strigiformes and 24 of 50 (48.0%) Falconiformes showed the presence of one or more hematozoa. Serologic testing revealed the serum of one adult male red-tailed hawk positive for antibody to NDV and one additional adult male red-tailed hawk positive for antibody to type-A influenza.

Animals↗