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Biomedical subjects

E C de Carvalho

Publications and source records attributed to E C de Carvalho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Body image of patients with burns sequellae: evaluation through the critical incident technique.

The present investigation is a descriptive study, with a retrospective, ex-post facto, design. The objectives of this study were to characterize the body image changes in patients with burn sequellae, through the critical incident technique and to identify and categorize critical incidents, comparing them to the characteristics defined by the Taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) for the body image disturbance nursing diagnosis. Thirty-five patients were interviewed. Two types of critical incidents were identified: 'facing the mirror'--the moment the patient looks at himself/herself and notices the changes in his/her body, and 'facing other people'--the moment the patient becomes aware that he/she calls the attention of others. Associated with the perceptions of changes in their bodies, the patients reported feelings of fear (19), rebellion (18) and shame (12). They also presented coping mechanisms of denial (12), rationalization (7), minimization (7) and repression (2). NANDA's body image disturbance diagnosis was identified in all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Implementation strategies of nursing processes for an HIV-positive patient].

Aiming at valuing the use of strategies such as teaching and learning methods, the relaxation technique and coping are described in a case study concerning a hospitalized HIV-positive person presenting the Acquired Immuno-Defficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The Conceptual Model proposed by Dorothéia Orem (OREM, 1985), Risner's proposal for the conduction of diagnostic thinking and the Nursing Diagnostic Unifying System proposed by NANDA (NANDA, 1996) were use as theoretical framework. Among the identified diagnoses, three were selected in order to exemplify the planning, implementation and process evaluation phases.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of cost of dressings in the care of burn patients.

This study aimed at analyzing the costs of material used in the occlusive dressings of burn patients. The subjects of the study were patients over the age of 18 years who were admitted to the Burns Unit of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo-Brazil, from 15 January to 11 September 1998. Data were collected concerning the costs and duration of bathing and dressing of these patients. We concluded that there was a positive relation between the real costs of the materials used and the percentage of the body surface burned. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of staff involved in care and the size of the burns. There was no significant difference between the cost of materials used in dressings for burns of different depths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Interpersonal needs expressed by patients during bone marrow transplantation.

The authors sought situations in which interpersonal needs were manifested by patients subjected to bone marrow transplantation. They investigated whether anyone attended to these needs and analyzed the consequences to the patients. Data were collected from 23 participants in the conditioning phase, 19 in the transplantation phase, and 16 in the preparation for discharge phase. Situations involving predominantly the need of expressed control were demonstrated, followed by wished affection and wished inclusion. Inclusion needs were satisfied more frequently in the conditioning phase, whereas control and affection needs were satisfied especially in the preparation for discharge phase. Positive consequences predominated, although negative outcomes also were observed for all needs. Less satisfaction was shown in the transplantation phase, followed by the conditioning and discharge preparation phases. However, all situations involving the need of affection were considered satisfactory by the patients in the preparation for discharge phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Nursing diagnosis of the patient in the immediate postoperative period].

The aim of this study was to identify the nursing diagnoses that are more frequent in patients in immediate post-operative period. Data were collected and recorded on specially cards, through evaluation of 28 patients in the first two hours after the admission of the patient. The nursing diagnoses were set by one of the authors, based on Taxonomy I, proposed by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association--NANDA. The diagnoses that occurred mostly were: Risk for injury (100.0%), Risk for infection (92.8%), Sensory perceptual alterations (89.2%), Risk for aspiration (82.1%), Impaired physical mobility (71.4%), Impaired tissue integrity (82.1%) and Hypothermia (67.8%).

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[The pain of burns: terrible for him who feels it, stressful for those who care for him].

The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

[Teaching physical pulmonary examination through the problem-based method].

Action-research was accomplished at the Federal University of Goiás College of Nursing in 1998 aiming at implementing and analyzing the teaching resources of physical pulmonary examination through the problem-based method. The Arch Method Phases were developed with sophomores in the undergraduate Nursing Course. During the Conclusion Hypothesis phase, the need of various activities in order to fix the theme was observed. In the theoretical and psycho-motor evaluation, we verified that the students had more difficulty in performing percussion and palpitation. It was concluded that the application of the problem-based pedagogy in physical examination was feasible.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1999

[Ethical and legal aspects of the nursing records of organ donors for transplant].

The objective of this study was to verify the ethical and legal aspects concerning the documentation of nursing practice in the organ donor's records. The records of the 12 organ donors admitted in a Brazilian University Hospital, from January/1992 to august/1996 were analysed. The donor consent was reported by nurses in 16.7% of the records. Defects that preclude legal value for the charting such as missing date or signature, erasure were found in 91.7% of the records.

Brazil↗
PubMed1998

[Risk factors in patients with arterial hypertension].

The aim of this research was to verify the habits related to the risk factors of one population with arterial hypertension. Seventy individuals were interviewed. Authors found that the majority do not practice any kind of physical exercise, they do not have leisure activities and need education programs to acquire these habits. There are gaps in information, because they have their own experience as a reference, in spite of the orientations they received from several professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Ergonomic working conditions for the nursing team in a cardiology unit].

Aiming at finding out the ergonomics conditions of the nursing personnel in a hospital admission unit, the authors utilized as a methodological presupposition the search for a global experienced work situation through the analysis of some elements as: the man (nursing worker); the work activity (prescribed duty, real activities and work position) and the environment (temperature, noise and illumination). The authors selected the Cardiology admission unit for the site of their research. The results verified that the nursing workers the mentioned unit face problems related to salaries, work installations, relationship, work organization, levels of formation and the activities executed. The authors suggested some recommendations.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1998

[Nursing diagnoses by undergraduate students on hospitalized patients with neurological changes].

Diagnostic categories and patterns of human responses were identified in neurologic patients, assisted by nursing undergraduate students who attributed to them nursing diagnoses, according to NANDA's Taxinomy I. The majority of attributed diagnoses refer to the patterns Exchange, Move and Communicate and the minority to the patterns Choose, Receive and Feel. The non attribution of other diagnoses probably occurred due to the lack of emphasis given to them and to students' inexperience. Faculty determinations to develop in the students skills of analysis and synthesis confirm this positive experience.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

[Retrospective analysis of the scientific production presented at the Brazilian Symposium on Nursing Communication (1988-1994)].

The present study had the purpose of identifying characteristics of the scientific production on Nursing Communication based on a sample of papers presented at four events of the Brazilian Symposium on Nursing Communication (1988, 1990, 1992 and 1994). The majority of authors were faculty, who developed research mainly in groups, focussing as subjects the dyad (professionals and clientele), establishing as objects of their studies aspects of interaction (quality and effectiveness) as well as aspects of the production and utilization of Nursing knowledge. Interpersonal context was the most investigated, care was the area most studied and the usual environment was the hospital. Research were mainly of non-experimental type. Results evidenced aspects of communication inadequateness in areas of care (including administration), education (mainly of clientele) and research. At the same time, authors perceived the trend towards innovative solutions and improvement of knowledge on the communication process.

Brazil↗
PubMed1998

[Fluid volume deficit: profile of defining characteristics in patients with burns].

The present study aimed at describing the profile of defining characteristics in patients with the nursing diagnosis "Fluid volume deficit" related to active loss of fluid secondary to burns. Data were collected by means of a tool, containing 29 possible defining characteristics of this diagnosis. Seven nurses, that worked at the Burnt Unit for at least five years ago, provided opinions about the degree to which each defining characteristic is indicative of this diagnosis. Nurses rated each defining characteristic of diagnosis being tested on a scale of zero to one. The results confirmed all, except one (increased body temperature) defining characteristics presented by NANDA for this diagnosis and indicated 10 new defining characteristics.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

[Oral communication with hematologic patients: facilitating and blocking behaviors].

In this descriptive study we adopted the model of FORREST (1983) for the categorization of oral utterances by the members of the nursing team when caring for hematological patients with oncological alterations. In order to identify the frequency of facilitating(F) and blocking(B) categories of communication and of their subcategories, we videotaped and observed the interactions between 8 patients and 14 members of the Nursing team in a Teaching Hospital in the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP. We recorded 8822 categories, 56.9% of which were facilitating. The most frequent of these were: providing information (50.3%), clarifying (28.0%) and recognizing the presence (11.2%). The most frequent blocking categories were: closed questions (64.6%), giving advice (13.9%) and approving or agreeing (10%). The remaining F and B subcategories were observed at frequencies of less than 4.5%. We suggest the more frequent use of other facilitating categories and the use of closed questions in special situations. We believe that, for a more profound relationship between nursing team and patients, it is of fundamental importance to reduce the "giving advice" and "approval" categories as they are being used now.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed1997

[Teaching nursing communication: a challenge].

The use of video has been described in the literature as favourable to changes in behaviours during communication. This study aimed at verifying the effect of a training programme in the use of categories of confirmation and discordance during the interaction (oral communication) between students and patients. The results evidenced the predominance of confirmation categories in interactions: there were no significant changes in the interaction profile before and after training. Authors concluded that the teaching of communication abilities has to be done during the undergraduate course and not only in one course or period.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

[Teaching perioperative nursing: a comparative study of audiovisual (video) oral resources].

The aim of this study was to compare information on perioperative Nursing regarding audiovisual (video) and oral resources. 104 patients were registered as subjects and divided in two groups, 54 of them in the oral group and 50 in the video group. Authors concluded that the groups were homogeneous and that there was no significant difference between the two resources used. Independent from the resource used, the responses were qualitatively better. However, regarding perioperative informations, authors spent 10 minutes using the video while oral information lasted 45 minutes. The video unabled verbalization that is characterized by the exposition of methods and reduces the time spent with information.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1997

[Nursing diagnoses in clients with hematologic diseases: use of the NANDA taxonomy].

The present paper aims to describe the most frequent nursing diagnoses found in a group of clients with hematologic diseases. Authors used the Taxonomy I proposed by the North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) to guide this study. Data were collected from 14 clients. Authors identified 16 nursing diagnoses whose frequency were equal or higher to fifty percent. Other studies are needed to find a better definition of the diagnostic profile of these clients.

Adolescent↗