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Biomedical subjects

E Calderón

Publications and source records attributed to E Calderón.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Analysis of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 infection in women with high risk sexual behaviour in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the seroprevalence and risk factors of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a group of female prostitutes from Mexico City. METHODS: Women who consented to participate in the study voluntarily attended a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic during 1992. A standardized questionnaire was administered and a blood sample was obtained from each participant. Type-specific Western blot serology was performed to determine the serostatus of HSV-1 and HSV-2 for participants. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify variables associated with an increased risk for HSV infection. RESULTS: Prevalences of infection among the 997 prostitutes studied were 93.9% for HSV-1 and 60.8% for HSV-2. Only 1.8% of the women were seronegative for both viruses. The only variable associated with HSV-1 seropositivity was crowding index. The following variables were associated with an increased risk for infection with HSV-2: age, level of education, working site, born outside Mexico City and increasing time as a prostitute. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first assessment of HSV infection in Mexico and may be useful for the development and application of control and preventive measures among the prostitute population at risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other STD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Remifentanyl. Indications in anesthesia].

Remifentanil is a new opioid in the fentanyl family. Developed and marketed by Glaxo Wellcome Inc., it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in July 1996 and has been available for use in Spain since the end of 1997. Remifentanil is an analog of fentanyl (4-piperidyl anilide) with a methyl-ester group that allows the molecule to be hydrolyzed by esterases in plasma and tissues. Rapid onset and metabolism make it an easy drug to control for achieving the desired depth of anesthesia, although these aspects are also the drug's main drawbacks given that the anesthesiologist must plan and initiate postoperative analgesia before surgery ends. Rapid onset and potency also mean that the use of this drug for either postoperative analgesia or monitored sedation in awake state with spontaneous breathing needs further study to assess safety.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1998

Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers in female sex workers (FSW) in Mexico City. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1498 FSW who attended a detection centre for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mexico City, between January and October 1992. Study participants responded to a standardised questionnaire and provided a blood sample for serology of syphilis, HIV, and HBV. RESULTS: A total of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1-0.3) of the population were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. The general prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5-7.1). This marker of previous exposition to HBV, was independently associated by logistic regression multivariate analysis with age, working in the street, and history of blood transfusion (BT) before 1987 (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.1-11.3). Syphilis prevalence was 7.6% (95% CI 6.2-8.9) and HIV prevalence was 0.1% (95% CI 0-0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBV infection in this group of Mexican FSW is lower than previously reported in other countries. In addition, the frequency of HBsAg carriers is similar to that in the general Mexican population. The absence of two major risk factors for HBV transmission in this group of FSW--that is, injecting drug use and anal intercourse, could help to explain this finding. However, the positive association between anti-HBc and history of blood transfusion demonstrated here, highlights the need to reinforce strict control of blood supplies in Mexico.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative study of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide versus halothane and nitrous oxide in pediatric anesthesia: efficacy and hemodynamic characteristics during induction].

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy, side effects and hemodynamics of anesthetic induction in pediatric patients using sevoflurane and nitrous oxide or halothane and nitrous oxide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 80 pediatric ASA I-II patients aged between 1 and 10 years old scheduled for infraumbilical surgery of short duration. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 40 to receive one of the two drug combinations. All the children were premedicated with nasal midazolam 0.2 mg.kg-1. Induction was by inhalation of increasing concentrations of sevoflurane or halothane. The maximum inspired concentration during induction was 7% for sevoflurane and 3% for halothane. We analyzed induction time, side effects and hemodynamic variables. RESULTS: The induction time was 2.06 +/- 0.5 min for halothane and 1.6 +/- 0.6 min for sevoflurane (p < 0.01). We observed no differences between the groups in coughing, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, secretions, apnea, nausea, vomiting, agitation or hiccoughing. Supraventricular beats appeared in 22.5% of patients in the halothane group and in 5% of the sevoflurane group. Induction with both anesthetics caused significant decreases from baseline blood pressure levels but no significant changes in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled sevoflurane in 60% nitrous oxide provides rapid but gentle anesthetic induction, with hemodynamic stability and a low incidence of airway complications. Sevoflurane is therefore a reasonable alternative to halothane for pediatric surgery.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Specific immunoglobulins to soybean hull allergens in soybean asthma.

Soybean asthma, which occurred as an epidemic among patients in Barcelona, Spain, is associated with specific IgE to soybean hull allergens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of specific IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA, and IgM in the pathogenesis of soybean asthma. We studied 3 groups of subjects from Barcelona: group 1, 12 asthmatic epidemic patients; group 2, 23 asthmatic nonepidemic patients; and group 3, 32 nonallergic subjects. Specific IgE was determined by radioimmunoassay and specific IgG, IgG subclasses (1, 2, 3, and 4), IgA, and IgM by amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cross-inhibition studies were performed for specific IgE and IgG4. We partially characterized the soybean hull allergens that bind specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blot. Percentage of positive results for the assays of the 8 Igs are as follows: for group 1, 100% (IgE), 75% (IgG), 16.6% (IgG1), 8.3% (IgG2), 0% (IgG3), 66.6% (IgG4), 25% (IgA), and 25% (IgM); for group 2, 4.3% were positive for specific IgE only; and for group 3, 0% (IgE), 0% (IgG), 6.2% (IgG1), 9.4% (IgG2), 9.4% (IgG3), 9.4% (IgG4), 6.2% (IgA), and 6.2% (IgM). The correlation between the specific IgE and the other specific Igs was significant between IgE and IgG4 in group 1 only (r = 0.752, p < 0.01). Cross-inhibition studies demonstrated a higher inhibitory capacity for IgG4 than for IgE. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/ Western blot demonstrates three low molecular weight protein bands that bind specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4. This study suggests that specific IgG4 to soybean hull allergens plays a role in the pathogenesis of soybean asthma and corroborates the role of specific IgE in the same disease.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

Epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infection in Spain. HTLV Spanish Study Group.

The human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has recently been associated with the genesis of some subacute neurological syndromes and, rarely, with atypical T-lymphoid malignancies. The virus is endemic in some Amerindian and African tribes, and among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in North America and Europe. Given that HTLV-II is transmitted by the same routes as other human retroviruses, the screening of antibodies to HTLV-II in blood donors has became a matter of controversy in some countries. Herein, we describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of 113 individuals with HTLV-II infection identified in Spain up to September 1995. Most of them (94/113; 83%) were male, and all but seven were natives. Four were African immigrants living in Madrid and 3 had been born in other European countries. All but six subjects were IDUs, and sexual transmission of HTLV-II and transfusion were involved in five and one individual, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the IDUs infected with HTLV-II were co-infected by HIV-I (93/107). Clinical manifestations potentially linked to HTLV-II were absent, although an IDU male co-infected by HIV-1 and HTLV-II developed a severe non-inflammatory proximal myopathy. In conclusion, HTLV-II infection is present in Spain, mainly among IDUs, with a growing incidence and a current overall prevalence of 2.0 percent.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative study of recovery from general anesthesia with halothane or sevoflurane in pediatrics].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical signs of awakening and recovery from anesthesia with sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in comparison with halothane and nitrous oxide administered to children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective study in 39 pediatric ASA I-II patients under 10 years of age scheduled for infraumbilical or otolaryngological surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups to receive sevoflurane (n = 20) or halothane (n = 19). All the children received nasal doses of 0.2 mg/kg-1 midazolam before surgery. Induction was achieved by inhalation of a mixture of 40% oxygen and 60% nitrous oxide by face mask along with increasing concentrations of sevoflurane or halothane. Maintenance was with halogenated anesthetic at 1 MAC and 60% nitrous oxide-oxygen along with nerve blockade in the infraumbilical procedures or intravenous analgesia in the otolaryngological operations. We recorded time until awakening, orientation, score on the Aldrete scale and adverse effects during the recovery period. RESULTS: The children who received sevoflurane awoke and were well oriented earlier than were those in the halothane group (10.7 +/- 5.8 versus 18.7 +/- 9.8 min until awakening and 15.4 +/- 8.6 versus 22.1 +/- 10 min for orientation); likewise the sevoflurane group children received higher scores on Aldrete's scale earlier than did those in the halothane group. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups with respect to side effects during the period of awakening and recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Awakening and recovery are significantly faster with sevoflurane than with halothane, while the incidence of side effects are similar with the 2 agents.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1995

[HTLV-I infection in Spain. Analysis of 24 cases identified until November, 1994. Spanish Group for the Study of HTLV-I/II)].

BACKGROUND: HTLV-I is a human retrovirus which has been implicated in the genesis of tropical spastic paraparesia (TSP), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and some patients with uveitis, subacute arthropathies and lymphocytary alveolitis. The virus is endemic in some zones of the Caribbean countries, Japan, subsaharian Africa, Middle East and Melanesia. Given that HTLV-I is transmitted by similar routes as HIV, anti-HTLV-I antibody screening is carried out in blood donors in some countries. METHODS: The clinical, epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of the patients with HTLV-I infection identified in Spain up to November 1994 are described. RESULTS: Twenty-four Spanish residents have been identified with HTLV-I infection including 16 Spaniards and 8 immigrants from endemic areas. Thirteen (53%) are males and 11 (47%) females. Most of the persons born in Spain (12/16; 75%) have lived in endemic areas or have maintained sexual relations with natives of them. Four patients were diagnosed with TSP, three with ATL and another with lymphomatoid granulomatosis and angiocentric T-cell lymphoma. The remaining patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Two HTLV-I carriers were identified on blood donation. CONCLUSIONS: HTLV-I infection is present in Spain being found in Spanish natives and, to a lesser degree, in immigrants from endemic areas. It is therefore recommendable to analyze the cost-benefit of anti-HTLV-I screening in blood donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of bush and vine black beans for physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics.

The present study was undertaken to learn if there are physical, chemical and nutritional differences between vine and bush type of beans. Four samples of black color beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) of the vine type, and four of the bush type were collected from farmers in the same growing area. The samples were analyzed for some physical properties including, 100 seed weight, size distribution percent seed coat, water absorption, cooking time, and of solids on cooking waters. Vine type beans had larger 100-seed weights, larger sized beans, thicker seed coats, and lower of solids in the cooking water than bush type beans. Rate of water absorption was different. The chemical characterization included proximate analysis and fiber fractionation. Vine type beans had, on the average, less ether extract and protein than bush type. No differences were found in fiber fractions, although there was a higher variability in the vine types. Protein quality and protein digestibility when fed as the single protein source, were similar on the average, with more variability in the vine types. Both types, efficiently supplemented maize proteins and the protein digestibility was higher than when fed alone. In general there were no large differences, except in some physical measurements, between vine and bush type beans, with the former showing greater nutritional variability which could be useful in selection programs, if such variability is confirmed.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of endothelin-1 production by a pulmonary epithelial cell line. I. Regulation by glucocorticoids.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of the most potent bronchoconstrictor agents yet described. Bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic patients in vivo express preproET-1 and in vitro release high amounts of ET-1. Healthy and chronic bronchitic controls do not express preproET-1 or release ET-1. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other cytokines up-regulate the in vitro ET-1 release in guinea pig airway epithelial cells. We explored whether two glucocorticoids, dexamethasone (Dex) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA), inhibit the synthesis and release of ET-1 by A549 cells, a transformed human pulmonary epithelial cell line, since ET-1 may have a basic role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Cells were grown to confluence in RPMI 1640 plus 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were then cultured for 3 days without serum to obtain ET-1 basal levels. The effects of 10% FBS, IL-2 (10 U/mL), Dex, TA or mifepristone, a steroid antagonist (1, 10 or 100 nM), were evaluated on ET-1 as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). ET-1 production increased from 57.6 +/- 5 pg/mg cell protein at 6 hr to 170 +/- 9 pg/mg cell protein at 72 hr in control cultures. Ten percent FBS increased ET-1 production from 58.7 +/- 9.6 to 399 +/- 14.5 pg/mg cell protein. IL-2 significantly increased ET-1 from 100.7 +/- 6.1 to 144 +/- 6.7 at 24 hr and from 170 +/- 9 to 207.7 +/- 24 at 72 hr. Dex and TA (10 and 100 nM) at 24-72 hr decreased ET-1 under basal conditions. Both drugs (only at 100 nM) decreased ET-1 production in 10% FBS- and IL-2-stimulated cells. Mifepristone (10 and 100 nM) reversed the decreased production of ET-1 induced by Dex (100 nM) at 24-72 hr. Northern blot analysis showed that Dex (100 nM) decreased the expression of ET-1 mRNA at 6 and 24 hr, but that mifepristone (100 nM) reversed this effect in cells cultured with Dex. In conclusion, Dex and TA down-regulate the synthesis and production of ET-1 by this human pulmonary epithelial cell line under basal or stimulated conditions, and these effects are reversed by mifepristone. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of glucocorticoid effect during the treatment of asthma.

Cell Line↗