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E Calderón

Publications and source records attributed to E Calderón.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[HTLV-I].

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Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Multicenter study of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in Spain. Spanish Group for the Study of HTLV-II/II Infection].

BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infections have been related to lymphoproliferative disorders and subacute neurological diseases. Screening blood donors for specific HTLV-I/II antibody has been implemented in Japan, United States, and recently in France. Should be it recommended in Spain? METHODS: Antibodies to HTLV-I/II were investigated in sera from 7,884 individuals living in Spain. They were classified in four major groups: 1) subjects at high-risk for retrovirus infection, as drug addicts, homosexuals, and polytransfused individuals (n = 4,740), 2) patients suffering HTLV-like symptoms (n = 760), 3) immigrants from or travellers to endemic areas (n = 1,427), and 4) blood donors (n = 957). RESULTS: Eighteen (0.22%) subjects were HTLV-I positive and 11 (0.12%) were classified as HTLV-II reactive. Five (71.5%) of 7 immigrants or travelers to endemic areas reacting against HTLV were typed as HTLV-I. Six (60%) of 10 drug addicts HTLV-reactive were typed as HTLV-II carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Both HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections are present in Spain, although in a low rate and mostly restricted to drug addicts (HTLV-II), and people coming from endemic regions (HTLV-I). All tested blood donors were negative. In this view, HTLV-I/II screening in Spanish blood banks seems to be non urgent, although alternative strategies should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

HTLV-I/II infections in Spain. The HTLV-I/II Spanish Study Group.

Antibodies to HTLV-I/II were investigated in sera from 7521 individuals living in Spain. They were classified in four major groups: a) subjects at high risk of retroviral infections e.g. parenteral drug addicts, homosexuals, prostitutes, and multiple-transfused individuals; b) patients suffering illness associated with HTLV-I in endemic regions; c) immigrants from endemic areas; and d) blood donors. Sera were collected from 1984 to December 1991. Repeatedly reactive ELISA was found in 211 samples (2.8%), but Western blot only confirmed the presence of HTLV-I/II antibodies in 23 samples (0.30%), corresponding to eight (0.25%) out of 3207 drug abusers, six (0.72%) out of 894 immigrants (five Africans and one South American), three (0.41%) out of 727 patients with HTLV-related diseases (one woman with HTLV-I associated myelopathy had received blood transfusions in an endemic area), four (0.54%) out of 793 prostitutes, one multiple-transfused native woman, and one (0.16%) out of 603 native seamen. The Western blot antibody pattern confirmed HTLV-II infection instead of HTLV-I in nine (39%) subjects. The remaining 14 (61%) HTLV-reactive samples were interpreted as HTLV-I seropositive, most of which were from immigrants. None of 857 blood donors analysed was reactive for HTLV antibody. These results suggest that both HTLV-I and HTLV-II are present in Spain, although at a low rate and mostly restricted to individuals coming from endemic areas, drug addicts, and prostitutes. Furthermore, diseases related to HTLV-I (particularly lymphoproliferative disorders, and subacute myelopathies) seem to be rarely associated with these viruses in Spain, a non-endemic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Historical account of venereal diseases in Mexico.

This paper reviews the history of sexually acquired diseases in Mexico. It is divided into four major chronological sections which discuss social attitudes and values, the development of services and of official policy, and historical epidemiology.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[An evaluation of the efficacy of different commercial kits in the serological diagnosis of the early phase of human immunodeficiency virus infection].

The aim of the present study was to identify the most useful serum markers for the early identification of the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To this end, sequential serum samples of 19 individuals who later had seroconversion to anti-HIV were evaluated. The p24 antigen (Ag-HIV) was the earliest marker of the infection, although it could only be detected in five of the 19 individuals: in two as an isolated marker and in the remaining four associated to anti-HIV (first generation Western blot: WB-1, and recombinant enzyme immunoanalysis: EIA-2G). In 12 of the 19 individuals, WB-1G (Pasteur) was the technique which permitted the earliest detection of anti-HIV: in five cases with bands which made the unequivocal diagnosis of the infection, and in seven with indeterminate results (anti-HIV against core or envelope antigens). The second earliest test was the detection of anti-HIV against envelope antigens with a competitive EIA-2G (Abbott). WB-1G (Sorin) detected anti-HIV in a late phase, as it was the case for EIA-1G or EIA-2G for anti-HIV against antigens encoded by the GAG gene. These results indicate that there may be remarkable differences in sensitivity among the different commercial kits. The use of EIA for Ag-HIV together with WB-1G shortens the gap period of HIV infection, even if seroconversion is identified with EIA-2G for global anti-HIV.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

The local anaesthetic tetracaine as a quencher of perylene fluorescence in micelles.

At neutral pH the local anaesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride quenches the fluorescence of the lipophilic dye perylene incorporated into non-ionic micelles. The process follows the Stern-Volmer equation, suggesting that quenching occurs through encounter of fluorophore and quencher. As the pH is lowered from 5 to 1, the apparent quenching constant decreases sigmoidally, the midpoint of the curve being at pH 2.3, close to the pK value characterizing the ionization of the anaesthetic aromatic butylamino group. Quenching is completely reversed below pH 1. These results show that the ability of tetracaine to quench the fluorescence of perylene incorporated into micelles depends on the absence of charge on its aromatic amine. Quenching was also studied in homogeneous dioxane-water solution. In this system the quenching constant also decreases sigmoidally as the pH is lowered. The infection point of the curve is nearly coincident with the pK of tetracaine butylamino group in the same partially non-aqueous medium. Protonation of this group induces 60% reversal of the quenching, suggesting that the main mechanism of fluorescence extinction could be the electron transfer from unprotonated tetracaine aromatic amine to perylene in the excited state. However, an additional process which remains operative even when such an amino group is positively charged must also be involved. It can be concluded that the complete reversal of tetracaine quenching of perylene fluorescence in micelles induced by low pH is due to the inability of the anaesthetic to become partitioned into micelles upon protonation of its aromatic amine. In contrast, at neutral pH the local anaesthetic is able to reach the micelle non-polar core where perylene is located. This is consistent with the models, suggesting that the membrane-bound tetracaine assumes a rod-like configuration parallel to the surface normal with the aromatic butylamino group located into a highly hydrophobic region.

Electron Transport↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional disorders in HIV disease.

Reviewing the medical literature since 1981 show that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) usually suffer from poor ingestion and absorption, increased excretion of nutrients, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and immunologic abnormalities which impair nutrition. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated opportunistic infections stimulate a broad and complex array of responses which include fever, hypermetabolism, leukocytosis, proteolysis of skeletal muscle, and synthesis, by the liver, of acute-phase reactant proteins and various intracellular enzymes. These responses increase gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, decrease albumin synthesis, and redistribute and/or sequester various trace elements. Infection-induced depletion of body nutrients serves to weaken host resistance. The deterioration of the nutritional status of these patients is likely to have an important effect on the course of the disease. It is thus evident that comprehensive management of HIV infection must include nutritional evaluation and treatment. When oral nutrition proves to be insufficient to maintain adequate intake, alternative routes must be considered. Selection of an appropriate nutritional support formula requires an evaluation of the absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the length of time required for nutritional repletion, costs, patient acceptance, and feasibility of at-home use. Nutritional support maximizes the ability of the AIDS patient to resist infection, may favor the response to medication by decreasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions, and may prolong the quality and productivity of life.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗