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Biomedical subjects

E Capra

Publications and source records attributed to E Capra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Concurrent cytogenetic and molecular investigations in uterine and ovarian neoplasms.

We studied a group of 24 uterine and ovarian neoplasms with the purpose to verify if any correlation could be established between chromosomal abnormalities, loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MIN). Tumor specimens obtained from 24 women (12 affected by ovarian and 12 by uterine neoplasms) were split in two parts, one was used for short term cultures for cytogenetic investigation while from the second DNA was extracted for molecular studies. We studied 22 polymorphic loci from 19 chromosomes and compared the alleles observed in the tumor with those observed in the DNA obtained from peripheral blood. Extensive loss of heterozigosity was observed when total or partial chromosomal loss was observed in at least 50% of the examined cells; MIN did not correlate with any particular cytogenetic abnormality nor with LOH.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1997

Does growth hormone treatment increase chromosomal abnormalities?

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between growth hormone (GH) therapy and malignancy, including leukaemias, remains controversial. In order to study this possible relationship further, we have investigated whether GH treatment induces chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. DESIGN: Open, prospective study in a University Hospital to examine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with GH-deficiency (GHD) before and during GH treatment. SUBJECTS: Twelve idiopathic GHD patients, aged 1.8-12.5 years, were evaluated before and after 3, 6 and 12 months of GH therapy (0.6 IU/kg per week subcutaneously). Two additional GHD patients, aged 16.6 and 18 years, were studied 1 year after long-term GH therapy had been discontinued, and 12 age-matched healthy subjects were evaluated as controls. METHODS: We examined the incidence of chromosome and chromatid breaks, fragments, structural rearrangements and aneuploidies in 100 metaphases for each blood sample. A total of 5300 cells was analysed in the 14 patients. RESULTS: The proportion of cells with chromatid and chromosome breaks ranged from 0% to 6% in patients before treatment and from 1% to 5% in controls. During GH therapy the incidence of aneuploid metaphases ranged from 0% to 7% and was comparable with values observed in controls. Chromosomal loss and gain was random. CONCLUSIONS: We observed no increase in chromosomal abnormalities in GH-treated patients when compared with age-matched healthy controls.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1995

A search for double minute chromosomes in cultured lymphocytes from different types of tumors.

Double minutes are considered the products of DNA amplification and are rare in normal human cells. They have been observed in cultured lymphocytes in selected samples of human populations as one of the characteristics of the so-called rogue cells. We scored 9500 metaphases of cultured lymphocytes from 65 subjects with a variety of heredity and sporadic tumors and from 30 healthy subjects. The 15 cells with double minutes were found in subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (14 cases) and with familial adenomatous polyposis (1 case). Only one rogue cell was found among the 15 cells with double minutes.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1995

[Anti-HCV antibodies in chronically dialyzed uremic patients. 1-year follow-up study].

The sera of 109 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment were reexamined after one year in order to assess changes in the anti-HVC antibody pattern in the intervening period, June 1992-June 1993. Using the ELISA II generation test, positive cases were found to have risen from 57 to 63 (from 52.3% to 57.8%); the Riba II test showed 60 positive cases (previously 52) with 3 undetermined (previously 5). The incidence of biochemical indicators of necrosis and/or cholestasis, negative in HCV patients, also presents a particular positivity (44%) in the presence of four antibody fractions. These data confirm the importance of serial determinations in anti-HCV antibody time, even if they do not correlate directly with the presence of the virus in the circulation and hence with its infecting capacity, the marker for which should be sought in the polymerase chain reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic studies in venous tissue from patients with varicose veins.

Cytogenetic investigation of primary cell cultures from fragments of varicose veins of seven patients with familial varicosity and seven patients with the sporadic type revealed the presence of metaphases with structural abnormalities, clonal trisomies of chromosomes 7, 12, and 18, and monosomy of chromosome 14 only in cases with the familial type, while the sporadic cases had no similar chromosome aberrations. The immunophenotypical results are consistent with fibroblast lineage of the cultured cells. These results suggest that karyotypic variations in familial varicose vein tissue cultures could in some way be associated either with the genotypic constitution responsible for the familial type or a longer duration of disease on average than those with sporadic varicosities.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ingested soil as a source of 137Cs to ruminants.

Ingestion of soil has been identified as a potentially important source of radionuclides, particularly to grazing ruminants. Soil artificially contaminated with radiocaesium was administered orally each day for 33 days to Bergamasca sheep and the transfer to milk measured. Two soil types were used, with a clay content of 11% and 16%, respectively. Transfer coefficient (fm) values to sheep milk, calculated at the equilibrium (period from 7th to 21st day after soil administration), were 3.72 x 10(-4) days l-1 (S.D. = 7.2 x 10(-5) days l-1) and 6.11 x 10(-4) days l-1 (S.D. = 9.1 x 10(-5) days l-1), respectively for the two soils. These low values indicate that radiocaesium is not removed from the binding sites on the clay minerals in the gut of the sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cytogenetics of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. II. Chromosome abnormalities in an insulinoma and a glucagonoma from two subjects with MEN1.

Cytogenetic analysis of two pancreatic islet tumors, an insulinoma and a glucagonoma was ascertained in two subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). The insulinoma had a modal peak at 84 chromosomes. Most cells were pseudotetraploid, and in all cells the normal chromosomes were represented in varied numbers, i.e., from 1 to 7 copies. The tumor had 5 characteristic and consistent marker chromosomes which were identified as deletions of chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 16, and 17. All metaphases had several double minute chromosomes (dmin) of variable size and possible intermediate structures between dmin and homogeneously staining chromosomal regions. The glucagonoma had a nearly equal proportion of normal metaphases and metaphases with structural and numerical abnormalities with no consistent trend.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

Cytogenetics of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. I. Two different, unique clonal chromosome changes in a medullary thyroid carcinoma and in a C-cell thyroid hyperplasia.

In short-term cultures of tumor tissue from a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), we found a large clone of cells with a balanced translocation t(9;12)(p24;q22). A large clone with a balanced translocation t(10;16)(p11;q24) was also found in cultures from a C-cell thyroid hyperplasia. No clearcut evidence for chromosome instability was observed in the lymphocytes of the two patients. The mother of the first patient died of MTC; two relatives of the second patient had MTC and one of them had pheochromocytoma. These findings classify the two subjects as MEN 2A patients with different phenotypic expression but with the same type of chromosomal abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cesium-137 urinary excretion by northeastern (Pordenone) Italian people following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

To estimate the radiological consequences in humans due to the Chernobyl nuclear accident (5 May 1986), we have determined both the 137Cs concentration in food and the 137Cs daily urinary excretion on 198 residents of the Pordenone area. The resulting experimental data have been compared with those estimated from the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 10A model (ICRP 1971) using a suitable dietary intake, and they were found to be in reasonable agreement.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

[Cefoperazone: microbiological, kinetic and clinical studies].

In vitro cefoperazone proved more active against the tested gram-negative bacteria than either piperacillin or mezlocillin. When administered in 1 g venous bolus the antibiotic achieved high plasmatic concentrations that were still adequate after 8 hours. 33.2% was excreted by the kidneys and a considerable amount by the biliary way. Cefoperazone produced a clinical cure in 35/36 patients (97.22%). A disulfiram-like effect was noted in 18.18%.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Ceftriaxone, a long-acting cephalosporin. Microbiological, kinetic and clinical study].

Ceftriaxone effectively inhibited 332 out of 452 (73.45%) bacterial strains in vitro tests. 291 out of 365 (79.69%) gram negative and 41 out of 87 (47.12%) gram positive strains were inhibited. The tests showed ceftriaxone to be more effective than cephalothin, cephotaxime, cephuroxime, cephamandol and cephoxitin. Kinetic tests showed that cephtriaxone has a plasmatic half life of 7.25 hrs. 24 hours after administration of a 1000 mg venous bolus the drug was still present in the blood. Urinary elimination over a 24 hr. period amounted to means 486.8 mg (48.68%). The drug has liquor transfer capacity. 37 of the 38 patients treated showed complete clinical or clinicobacteriological cure. Improvement was noted in the 38th.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Piperacillin: microbiological and clinical studies].

A microbiological and clinical study of the action of piperacillin is presented. The drug showed an excellent in vitro antibacterial action on gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Its in vitro action on Ps. aeruginosa (70.8% of strains inhibited) was also extremely interesting, making it the second most effective of the antibiotics tested after polymyxin B and colistin, polypeptides unsuitable for clinical use. In vivo, the administration of piperacillin achieved a clinical and bacteriological cure in 35 out of 40 patients and a clinical cure in 2 out of 40. It was only therapeutically unsuccessful in 3 cases. It is concluded that its microbiological, kinetic and tolerance features make piperacillin suitable for a wide range of therapeutic purposes.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

[Microbiological, kinetic and clinical study on a new cephamycin: cefotetan].

Microbiological, kinetic and clinical studies were conducted on a new cephamycin, cephotetan. In vitro the antibiotic was found to be very effective against all strains tested. It had a particularly strong action against Gram negative bacteria too. Kinetically speaking, an intravenous bolus produced a high plasmatic concentration with a half life of about 4 hours. Elimination via the kidneys was fastest in the first 3 hours after administration (49.82%) and the slowed down. 82.76% of the dose administered was excreted within 24 hours. This antibiotics is particularly indicated in cases of urinary, respiratory and biliary infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Kinetic and clinical studies on a new cephalosporin: Cefotiam].

Kinetic and clinical evaluation of cefotiam, a new cephalosporin, is reported. It was found that the drug is rapidly distributed to the tissues. Equilibrium between tissues and plasma is reached in about an hour. Some 90-91% of the dose administered is excreted in the urine, and accumulation does not occur. A clinical cure was obtained in 27 of a series of 35 patients (77.1%). Improvement was observed in 7 cases (20%). The antibiotic proved ineffective in the remaining cases (2.8%). Tolerance was excellent and there were no side-effects worthy of note.

Adult↗