Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Capra.
An investigation conducted on healthy volunteers showed that cefoxitin quickly reaches high plasma concentrations, and is almost completely excreted via the urine within 6 hours. In a series of 21 cases treated with 2 g i.v. in 100 ml of a 5% glucose solution two or three times a day, a clinical cure was achieved in 20, and marked improvement in the remaining patient.
A mean plasma concentration curve, with peaks within the first hour and moderate individual variations, was obtained after a single administration of 800 mg of bacampicillin to 5 healthy volunteers. An adequate antibiotic transfer from the circulation to the bronchial apparatus was demonstrated. Treatment of 34 patients suffering from ampicillin-sensitive bacterial diseases permitted clinical cure of all patients, without onset of side-effects. It is concluded that bacampicillin is preferable to oral ampicillin because of its kinetic and tolerance features.
A combined kinetic and clinical study showed that rifampicin displays good tissue diffusibility, though it may have a tendency to accumulate. A liquor transfer sufficient for the bacteria most commonly responsible for meningeal inflammation was observed; 15/18 cases of purulent bacterial meningitis treated were clinically cured without sequelae, while 1 displayed considerable improvement. Two patients died from unforseen, uncontrollable complications that were not related to administration of the drug.
The results of a pharmacokinetic and clinical study of cephamandol naphate indicated that the drug quickly reaches high plasma concentration after both i.m. and i.v. bolus administration. Urinary excretion of the biologically active form is as much as 84--90% of the total dose and mostly takes place in the first 6 hr. The therapeutic response was good: clinical cure in 90%, marked improvement in 6.6%, no change in 3.3%.
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As a diagnostic tool in infectious diseases by CANDIDA species, two different commercial kits have been tested. A LATEX agglutination-test for CANDIDA circulating antigens and an E.L.I.S.A. for detecting specific antibodies. We have examined 107 sets of anti-HIV + subjects (63 with positive culture and 44 negative) against 44 health controls. All controls were negative for circulating antigens, where as 27% resulted positive for specific antibodies. In the group of anti-HIV +, with positive culture for CANDIDA the 45% proved positive for CANDIDA circulating antigens, whereas only the 9.5% resulted negative. The results, shown in the present work, suggests the weight of LATEX test for its diagnostic reliability, its simplicity, while the E.L.I.S.A. for detection of specific antibodies turns out of difficult interpretation in distinguishing between common colonization and infection by CANDIDA species.
Here you can read how to carry and preserve the biologic specimens literature speaks about and we found in many Italian hospitals. In particular we explain how to carry and preserve specimens of urine, stool, expectoration, pharyngeal exudate and we speak about the many problems of preserving isolated strains for long time.
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The authors illustrate a screening for bacteriuria performed on 348 samples of urine by patients occurred to observation in two Departments of Internal Medicine from October 1973 to October 1974. The technique to sampling urine has been the meadstream. Colony counts of over 10(5) germs per ml or urine were shown in 100 cases. Selective culture media were used for urinary bacteria identification. The AA. show a series of considerations on the pathogenetic significance of microbial cell concentration in urine and on the frequency of the isolated species. They consider the age, the sex and the concomitant diseases of the 100 cases occurred to their observation. Furthermore, the AA. reported the results of research on the antibiotic sensivity test and on the resistance to chemioantibiotics of urine bacterial flora. These bacterioloyical tests are finally suggested by the AA. as indispensable in the valuation and the therapeutic control of the urinary infections.