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Biomedical subjects

E David

Publications and source records attributed to E David.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropin between 14 and 20 weeks of amenorrhea: a sign of pregnancy-related hypertension].

A defect of placenta maturation has been described in hypertension of pregnancy. Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropins (beta HCG) of placental origin rise at the onset of pregnancy and reach a peak between 9 and 10 weeks of amenorrhoea. As we were making systematic assays between 14 and 20 weeks in a trisomy detection programme, we looked for differences in plasma beta HCG levels between women with pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension and pregnant women with normal blood pressure. We also studied the predictive value of such assays. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was found in 6 women in a population of 89 nulliparas and in 12 women in a population of 163 multiparas. beta HCG levels were significantly higher in women who later developed hypertension among both nulliparas (52,833 +/- 19,538 IU vs 24,499 +/- 16,485 IU) and multiparas (50,558 +/- 23,597 IU vs 20,911 +/- 11,677 IU). In nulliparas, taking 43,000 IU as threshold of pathology we found that the predictive value of beta HCG was higher than that of other tests which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 67 percent, specificity 91.6 percent, positive predictive value 36 percent, negative predictive value 97.4 percent, relative risk 5.4). In multiparas, taking 38,000 as threshold and combining this marker with obstetrical history it was possible to predict the occurrence of hypertension more precisely than with other markers which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 66.7 percent, specificity 98 percent, positive predictive value 61.4 percent, negative predictive value 97.3 percent, relative risk 8.4).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The dynamic condylar screw (DCS) in proximal femoral fractures. Initial experiences].

Beginning January 1st 1987 19 fractures of the proximal femur were stabilized utilizing the "dynamic condylar screw" (DCS). During or after reduction of the fracture the DCS is accomplished by a supporting plate. In the cases we applied the DCS hitherto employment of a bone distractor of complementary cancellous bone graft has been mandatory. Although we feel encouraged by our preliminary results the DCS will have to undergo arduous clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histologic changes in liver biopsy specimens produced by recombinant interferon alpha-2b therapy for chronic non-A,non-B viral hepatitis. A randomized controlled trial.

The effects of interferon therapy on liver histologic findings were assessed in a randomized controlled trial consisting of 80 patients with chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis. Twenty-eight patients received 1 million units of recombinant interferon alpha-2b; 25 patients received 3 million units, subcutaneously, three times a week for 24 weeks; and 21 patients were observed as untreated controls; all of them underwent liver biopsy within 6 months from the beginning of the study and on the last day of therapy. Six patients were withdrawn from the study because of inadequate liver biopsy specimens. Alanine aminotransferase levels were determined before, during, and after therapy. For each biopsy, a semiquantitative score of histologic features, the histologic activity index, and the overall histologic assessment were performed. Ninety-five percent of patients tested positive for hepatitis C virus antibody. Portal inflammation, piecemeal and spotty necrosis, and bile duct proliferation were significantly decreased in patients with normalized alanine aminotransferase. The effectiveness of therapy was dose dependent: piecemeal and spotty necrosis and the histologic activity index showed a significant decrease only in 3-million-unit-treated patients. Hepatocellular degeneration and fibrosis did not change significantly after treatment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

p53 is covalently linked to 5.8S rRNA.

We report here the isolation and identification of the RNA specifically immunoprecipitated and covalently linked to the tumor suppressor gene product p53. After treatment with proteinase K, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) band of p53 yields a single, discrete 157-nucleotide RNA, which was cloned, sequenced, and identified as 5.8S rRNA. 5.8S rRNA was obtained only after proteolysis of the p53 SDS-PAGE band. Free 5.8S rRNA did not comigrate with p53 in SDS-PAGE. This RNA was only immunoprecipitated from cells containing p53. Protein-free RNA obtained by proteolysis of the p53 band hybridized to the single-stranded DNA vector containing the antisense sequence of 5.8S rRNA. The covalence of the p53-5.8S rRNA linkage was demonstrated by the following findings: (i) p53 and the linked 5.8S rRNA comigrated in SDS-PAGE; (ii) only after treatment of the p53-RNA complex with proteinase K did the 5.8S rRNA migrate differently from p53-linked 5.8S rRNA; and (iii) this isolated RNA was found linked to phosphoserine, presumably at the 5' end. Covalent linkage to the single, specific RNA suggests that p53 may be involved in regulating the expression or function of 5.8S rRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Psychological aspects of perception of magnetophosphenes and electrophosphenes].

Scientific research at the Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering at Aachen University indicates that ELF (extremely-low frequency) electric and magnetic fields may generate visual perceptions in the human retina which are similar to the pressure phosphenes. During our own experiments we found that 90% of subjects undergoing a blind experiment reported various visual sensations which were mostly colored and moving. Our findings indicate that the psychological component of the perception of electric and magnetic phosphenes must not be underestimated. It is possible that there is a connection between retinal noise in the dark (due to metabolic processes [5, 8]) and magnetic or electric phosphenes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Routine initial computed tomography of the chest in blunt torso trauma.

Computer tomography (CT) is an effective technique in the initial evaluation of the abdomen and head following blunt trauma. To evaluate the role of CT of the thorax, a prospective study comparing routine early thoracic CT scanning with initial chest roentgenogram (CXR) was carried out on 73 patients with blunt torso trauma undergoing concomitant abdominal CT examination. Initial CXR and CT scans were interpreted independently by radiologists in a blinded fashion. CXR diagnosed more bony injuries than CT, while the CT identified pulmonary contusions and effusions more accurately. Only those contusions diagnosed by CXR proved clinically significant. Patient treatment was changed in one case based on CT findings. In the absence of CXR findings, chest CT scanning frequently identifies abnormalities with limited clinical significance. Although more sensitive, CT of the thorax has a limited role in the initial emergent evaluation of victims of blunt torso trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[With tact].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of a receptor for human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin-8.

Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin-8 (MDNCF/IL-8) is an 8,000-dalton protein produced by monocytes which exhibits activity as a chemoattractant for neutrophils with maximal activity achieved at a concentration of 50 ng/ml. This polypeptide has been iodinated by chloramine-T methodology (350 Ci/mM), and specific receptors for MDNCF/IL-8 have been detected on human neutrophils, U937 cells, THP-1 cells, and dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells. The binding of MDNCF/IL-8 to human neutrophils is not inhibited by interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, insulin, or epidermal growth factor. In addition, chemoattractants such as C5a, fMet-Leu-Phe, leukotriene B4, and platelet-activating factor fail to inhibit binding, suggesting that MDNCF/IL-8 utilizes a unique receptor. The receptor for MDNCF/IL-8 is apparently glycosylated since ligand binding is inhibited by the presence of wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin with a binding specificity for N-acetylglucosamine and neuraminic acid. Steady state binding experiments indicate Kd values of 4 and 0.5 nM and receptor numbers of 75,000 and 7,400 for human neutrophils and differentiated HL-60 cells, respectively. 125I-MDNCF/IL-8 bound to human neutrophils is rapidly internalized and subsequently released from cells as trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity. Affinity labeling experiments suggest that the human neutrophil MDNCF/IL-8 receptor exhibits a mass of approximately 58,000 daltons.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1990

The effect of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and omeprazole therapy on gastric oxyntic endocrine cells.

In 1983, all trials of omeprazole in humans were stopped because rats given the drug developed gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors. Further studies in rats showed that drug-induced achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia caused these changes. Because data in humans are limited, we compared the numbers of endocrine cells, as judged by silver staining (argyrophilia), in the gastric mucosa of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, who are hypergastrinemic, and in normogastrinemic patients with idiopathic acid-peptic diseases. In addition, we analyzed the number of gastric endocrine cells in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome given omeprazole for up to 3 years. Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome had 15.7% +/- 6.9% argyrophil cells in biopsies of gastric oxyntic mucosa, and patients with idiopathic acid-peptic disease had 7.8% +/- 2.3% (P less than 0.01). In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the percentage of argyrophil cells was not related to serum gastrin concentration, duration of symptoms, time since diagnosis, basal or maximal acid output, extent of tumor, or age. There was a tendency for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 to have a greater percent of argyrophil cells than patients with sporadic Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Considering the biopsies from both normogastrinemic and hypergastrinemic patients, there was a significant relationship between the percentage of argyrophil cells and the serum concentration of gastrin (P less than 0.01). Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome given omeprazole for up to 3 years developed no significant changes in percentage of argyrophil cells, no carcinoid tumors, and no changes in serum concentrations of gastrin. The present study shows that patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have an increased percentage of argyrophil cells in oxyntic mucosa and that omeprazole does not increase this percentage. In periods of up to 3 years, omeprazole had no effects on gastric morphology in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

CMV enteritis causing hemorrhage and obstruction in an infant with AIDS.

Serious gastrointestinal infections from cytomegalovirus (CMV) are often observed in immunosuppressed patients especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hemorrhage and perforation have been frequent consequences. We present a case of CMV enteritis in an infant with AIDS who suffered massive hemorrhage and subsequent fatal small bowel obstruction from this condition. Gross findings at laparotomy were striking, diffuse, large yellowish plaques along the entire length of the small bowel. Each of these had a central ulceration. Each eventually caused a partial narrowing resulting in refractory small bowel obstruction. Biopsy of one of these lesions demonstrated many cells with typical cytomegalic inclusion bodies. This report illustrates a newly recognized type of CMV enteritis that can affect an infant and be readily recognized at laparotomy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Report on threatened premature labor: etiology, management, results].

The studies on the aetiological factors of a premature delivery constitute an old fear of obstetricians and epidemiologists. However, they remain confused and the very definition of prematurity is among the first sources of confusion. There are many therapeutic methods considered as preventive. Their efficacy is debatable whilst their secondary effects are obvious. In this article, the authors report the results of a retrospective study of observations of patients who presented threats of premature labour and analyzed the epidemiological aspects, the aetiological factors and the therapeutic methods. It seems important to consider the risk factors in order to prevent premature labour. A decrease in the use of betamimetics and an increase in that of therapies said to be of replacement does not seem to be accompanied by a relative increase in the incidence of prematurity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Natural course and response to interferon of chronic hepatitis B accompanied by antibody to hepatitis B e antigen.

The course of chronic hepatitis B was studied in 30 patients who had antibody to hepatitis e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum and hepatitis B core antigen in the liver. Over a 2-year period, no patient experienced a sustained spontaneous remission of disease, and follow-up liver histology revealed worsening of the disease in four patients. After 2 years of observation, 24 patients were allocated randomly to one of two groups: 12 patients served as untreated controls and 12 received recombinant human alpha-interferon-2a in a dose of 9 million units intramuscularly three times weekly for 16 weeks. Patients who remained viremic after 16 weeks received 3 million units three times weekly for an additional 8 weeks. Abnormal amino-transferases and serum hepatitis B virus DNA persisted without appreciable changes in all untreated patients. Hepatitis B virus DNA rapidly became undetectable and serum aminotransferases fell to normal in eight treated patients. After the end of treatment, hepatitis B virus DNA became detectable once again in seven patients, in six of whom a peak of aminotransferases (range: 256 to 850 units per liter) ensued; subsequently, hepatitis B virus DNA disappeared, and serum aminotransferases again fell to normal in two of the seven. Overall, hepatitis B virus DNA was no longer detectable in serum and liver histology improved in three treated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychosomatic correlations in chronic pain patients using electroacupuncture.

Different reports on the efficacy of electroacupuncture in pain led to a randomized prospective study on 120 patients suffering from long-term chronic pain syndromes of different aetiology taking into account the psychological situation. The collected data included measuring the pulse amplitude difference of the arteria radialis dextra and sinistra oscillographically, pain evaluation by visual analogue scales, blood pressure and heart frequency and psychometrie. Results show that neurotic patients have a higher level of anxiety and that reduction of pain and the equalization of the amplitudes of both arterial curves is higher in anxious patients. The results are highly significant with an alpha value of 0.001.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Localisation of auditory evoked potentials in man during awakeness and sleep.

Auditory evoked potentials after click, speech and musical stimulation during sleep and awakeness were used in order to determine the existence of a topographical dominance of single cortical areas. The results showed a lateralization in awake subjects dependent on the semantic content of the stimulus. During deep sleep the lateralization of the potential was absent and the activity was extremely symmetrically concentrated around the vertex. The findings support the concept of cerebral dominances which has to be more than a pure metaphorical one.

Acoustic Stimulation↗