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Biomedical subjects

E Deegen

Publications and source records attributed to E Deegen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Monitoring of effects induced by recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 in whole blood and separated fractions of peripheral blood of horses.

Interferon is known to induce antiviral mechanisms and to exert immunoregulatory capacities on various cell types. The antiviral capacity of recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 (rEqIFN-beta 1) is most sensitively monitored by indirect quantitation of multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in blood cells of horses. As few as 0.5 pg rEqIFN-beta 1/ml can be assessed by means of 90% reduction of VSV-replication in whole blood (w.b.) as well as in isolated mononuclear blood cells (MNC) in spite of individual variations. The immunoregulatory influence of 20-50 pg rEqIFN-beta 1/ml is sufficient to cause at least a 50% reduction of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in MNC, while higher concentrations are needed in w.b. Of the mitogens tested the best stimulation of proliferation on the equine lymphoid cells was obtained with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from phagocytic cells in w.b. or from isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) does not seem suitable for evaluation of rEqIFN-beta 1-induced immunoregulation as only very high rEqIFN-beta 1-concentrations (10(3)-10(4) pg/ml) result in a minute increase (up to 20%) of CL. Comparative studies on w.b. and isolated leukocyte fractions from identical specimens of individual horses suggest that monitoring of antiviral and distinct immunoregulatory capacities of rEqIFN-beta 1 can be performed on w.b. without loss of information and sensitivity as compared to isolated MNC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[B-mode, M-mode and Doppler sonographic findings in mitral valve insufficiency of horses].

B- and M-mode echocardiography was performed on 38 horses. 34 patients had systolic heart murmur with the point of maximal intensity over mitral valve. Additionally, 17 of these patients were examined with the pulsed wave doppler echocardiography (Vingmed 200). In 26 patients with cardiac murmur and in 4 patients without cardiac murmur a mitral valve insufficiency was diagnosed by echocardiography. In 8 horses with a systolic murmur over mitral valve M- and B-mode evaluation could not reveal a haemodynamic importance of the murmur. The diagnosis of MVI was based on a dilation of left atrium with or without additional dilation of left ventricle on one hand and with a regurgitation of blood into left atrium found by pulsed wave doppler on the other hand. In 6 extremely dilated hearts a "real" ostium of regurgitation was detected as a direct echocardiographic finding in B-mode. Good correlations existed between echocardiographically evaluated changes of heart dimensions and autopsy measurements in 10 cases. The prognosis seems to be poor if systolic murmurs coincide with dilatation of left atrium and left ventricle, regurgitation of blood into left atrium or with a high degree dilation of left atrium without changes of left ventricle chamber size. In hearts with little to medium dilated left atrium without changes of left ventricle dimension and additionally a regurgitation into left atrium the prognosis seems at least to be cautious. Echocardiography is an available diagnostic help in evaluation of the importance of systolic murmur with the point of maximal intensity over the mitral valve especially in completion by pulsed wave doppler.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Two rare lens abnormalities in horses].

Coloboma and ectopia of the crystalline lens are rarely encountered or diagnosed congenital defects of the equine eye. The clinical and ophthalmoscopic features of a congenital coloboma of the lens in a 3 year old Hanoverian stallion and of an ectopic lens in a 6-month old Hanoverian filly are described and depicted. In the stallion, the lens coloboma was associated with a partial coloboma of the zonules, and in the filly, the ectopic lens was small and spherical (microphakia, spherophakia) and associated with syneresis of and small floaters in the vitreous. Although it cannot be excluded that the ectopic position of the lens may have originated from prenatal uveitis, it was classified as congenital in this case. In both eyes, there were no other clinically detectable congenital defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of the sedative and analgesic detomidine for laryngoscopy of adult horses and foals].

Detomidine was used in this field trial effectively as a sedative and analgesic for laryngoscopic examinations in a total of 193 foals and 806 mature horses (Hanoverians). Detomidine was given either i.v. in foals 3 to 11 months old (20 micrograms/kg) and in mature horses (15 micrograms/kg), or i.m. in foals below 6 months of age (35 micrograms/kg). After i.v. administration, laryngoscopy was tolerated in more than 90% of all animals without additional use of a twitch, while in foals treated i.m. more than 70% required a twitch in order to enable this procedure. The effectiveness of detomidine was influenced by dose, route of administration, the time interval between treatment and examination and the degree of excitement before treatment, but not by sex. Profound bradycardia was evident in all treated animals, but arrhythmias were seen only in animals older than 4 months and were more pronounced in horses with a lower resting heart rate. These cardiovascular responses never endangered any of the treated animals. A transient dyspnea was seen in 13 foals (6.7%) and 10 horses (1.2%). Other side effects were rare. The foaling rate of 297 mares treated at any time during the first 8 months of pregnancy was 66.7%. A comparison with 5499 untreated, contemporary controls revealed a foaling rate of 61.0%. Hence treatments had no adverse effects on pregnancies.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

[Stomach ulcers in the horse--clinical and gastroscopic findings in 12 horses (1989-1990)].

Twelve horses with clinical symptoms of a gastric disorder were studied by gastroscopy. Symptoms of gastric disorders were periprandial colic, bruxism, ructus and reflux. Preliminary to gastroscopy the horses were fasted for 24 h. Access to water was not restricted. The gastroscopy could be conducted easily using a fiberscope 2.5 m in length and 11 mm in outer diameter. While ulcers were present in the squamous fundus of all horses only one horse showed ulceration of the glandular fundus. Solitary ulcers near the margo plicatus were found in horses with mild clinical symptoms. In contrast, diffuse gastroesophageal ulceration was accompanied by severe clinical symptoms. Four horses were affected by an acute gastroesophageal ulceration with gastric reflux and subsequent aspiration pneumonia. Two of those horses suffered from acute gastric ulceration 3-4 days following laparatomy. All horses were treated with cimetidine (5 mg/kg bwt/q.i.d.) until clinical symptoms ceased.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural findings in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). I: Alterations of the larger conducting airways.

Extensive light and electron microscope studies of the conducting airways were carried out in 28 horses with varying degrees of clinically manifested chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 8 horses with normal lungs. The principal ultrastructural changes were found in the ciliated cells. There was focal loss of ciliated cells, which were replaced by undifferentiated cells in a largely hyperplastic epithelium, and some horses, independent of the degree of severity of the disease, showed various types of ciliary malformation. The finding of dilated intercellular clefts and accumulations of mast cells was interpreted as morphological evidence of non-specific mucosal hyperreactivity. Interstitial cells with intracytoplasmal crystal inclusions, the cause of which is not clear, were seen in many horses. Comparison between the clinical diagnosis and the morphological findings showed partial correlation. The ciliary loss, the appearance of peribronchial inflammatory processes and the occurrence of intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions showed a positive correlation. In 12 of 28 cases, the severity of clinical diagnosis agreed with the degree of the morphological findings. The changes in the conducting airways were interpreted pathogenetically as reactive processes to changes in the small airways in the course of equine COPD.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural findings in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). II: Pathomorphological changes of the terminal airways and the alveolar region.

Extensive light and electron microscope studies (transmission and scanning electron microscopy) of the bronchioles and alveolar region, in 28 horses suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and eight control horses, revealed good correlation between clinical severity and morphological changes. In the bronchiolar epithelium the non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, in particular, showed ultrastructural alterations and, even in the mild stages of disease, these presented degenerative changes and lack of differentiation. Together with loss of granulation in the Clara cells and metaplasia of the goblet cells, cells were seen with unusual intracytoplasmic lamellar inclusion, the number of which increased sharply with clinical severity. The focal changes in the alveolar region were necrosis of type I epithelial cells, alveolar fibrosis of varying degrees with type II epithelial transformation and emphysema or hyperinflation, with an increase in Kohn's pores. Some horse also showed morphological signs of interference with the surfactant system, in the form of marked cysts with lamellar structure. The alveolar changes were mostly in the peribronchiolar region and were, therefore, interpreted as reactive processes. No conclusions as to the aetiology of equine COPD can be derived from these morphological investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose given orally to horses.

In 5 horses, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air were determined using isotope mass spectroscopy to investigate metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed using maize or beet glucose. Maize has a higher 13C concentration than that of most plants. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios after OGTT was performed using maize glucose were compared with 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air after OGTT was performed using beet glucose. The ratio also was determined during the period horses were not fed. Using OGTT, all horses were glucose tolerant. The OGTT performed using beet glucose led to minimal changes in 13CO2/12CO2 ratios. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) when horses were not fed. After oral dosing with maize glucose, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios reached maximal increases 5 hours after dosing and reached baseline values 15 hours after dosing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Diurnal variation of dynamic compliance, resistance and viscous work of breathing in normal horses and horses with lung disorders.

Dynamic compliance, airway resistance, viscous work and respiratory frequency were measured at intervals in horses over 12 h periods. Variation, daily averages and circadian patterns were recorded. Examinations were performed on 24 horses. They were divided into three groups: Normal horses, horses with chronic latent bronchitis and horses with manifest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Significant differences were found between the daily averages and the fluctuations when the normal group and the COPD group were compared. In most cases differences between all three groups were significant. A significant circadian rhythm for airway resistance was detected in diseased horses. It was also established that single measurements give an incomplete picture of lung function. As has been established in humans, analysis of fluctuations in respiratory mechanics may be of diagnostic value. The above results should be taken into account particularly in trials with bronchodilators in horses with COPD.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

[Endoscopic findings in horses with diseases of the upper respiratory tract].

With the aid of a flexible glassfibre endoscope, a 300 W cold light source and a special adapted camera, colour photographs of the upper respiratory tract of horses were taken. These pictures served to present especially the disease processes of the different areas of the upper respiratory tract which lead to a constriction of the lumen. These included proliferation in the nose, guttural pouch diseases and larynx diseases such as hemiplegia, subepiglottic cysts, epiglottic entrapment and rostral displacement of the plica palatopharyngica. Furthermore endoscopic findings of changes in the soft palate and in the recessus pharyngicus were shown.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Histamine inhalation provocation test: method to identify nonspecific airway reactivity in equids.

After inhalation of increased concentrations of histamine solutions, equids had a decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and an increase in airway resistance, work of breathing, and maximum intrathoracic differences in pressure. Because the change in Cdyn correlated best with the inhaled histamine concentrations, airway reactivity was assessed by the decrease in Cdyn. With the use of linear regression, histamine concentrations were calculated; this resulted in a 35% reduction of Cdyn and these concentrations were defined as 35% provoking concentration Cdyn. The histamine inhalation provocation test was carried out in 40 equids. Nonspecific airway hyperreactivity was not present in equids that did not have clinical signs of respiratory tract disease, but it was present in 25% of the equids with low-grade lung disease and in all equids with severe lung disease.

Animals↗