PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Elonen

Publications and source records attributed to E Elonen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Clinical experience with eight haematologic patients.

Eight patients with haematologic malignancies contracted fatal invasive aspergillosis during an outbreak. Five patients were neutropenic. Bronchofiberoscopic examination with microbiology specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage yielded Aspergillus fumigatus in only 2/5 patients examined. The specific diagnosis reached during lifetime in 5 patients was based on a combination of invasive procedures (lung biopsy in 2, percutaneous lung puncture in 1), the presence of a lung abscess (3 patients), seroconversion (1 patient), and purulent maxillary sinusitis caused by A. fumigatus together with repeated abundant growth of A. fumigatus in the sputum (1 patient). Six patients received amphotericin B. The infection was temporarily controlled only in 2 bone marrow transplant recipients whose granulocyte counts recovered. In 3/8 patients the pneumonia was of polymicrobial aetiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2 patients), Pneumocystis carinii (1 patient), and Legionella pneumophila (1 patient) being the other microbes involved. 3/4 bone marrow transplant recipients with aspergillosis had been transplanted for chronic myeloid leukaemia, supporting the previously reported association of bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia and the risk of invasive aspergillosis. Improved diagnostic methods for earlier definitive diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis as well as more efficacious and less toxic antifungal agents are needed to allow early treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bone marrow cytogenetics: the lineage of dividing cells changes during the first few hours in culture.

To determine changes in the cell lineages of metaphases karyotyped following different culture times, marrow from 11 healthy individuals was studied using a technique that allows simultaneous analysis of karyotype and cell lineage. Cell lineage was identified as erythroid by surface glycophorin A, granulocytic by Sudan black B and PM-81, and monocytic by lysozyme. Marrow examined sequentially showed granulocytic mitoses to initially decrease from a mean of 40% at 1.75 hr to 6% at 3.5 hr and then increase, being 46% by 6 hr and 82% after 1 day, and remain high for the 10 days studied. Erythroid mitoses were most frequent (mean, 72%) at 3.5 hr and then decreased rapidly, being 16% by 6 hr, 7% at 1 day, and absent thereafter. When granulocytic mitoses were least frequent, 20-36% of mitoses were also unreactive with glycophorin A. Double staining experiments to identify these cells found some to be monocytic, but most remained unidentified. The authors conclude that mitoses of different hematopoietic lineages predominate when normal marrow is studied cytogenetically at different times following aspiration, and that the major changes occur during the first 8 hours. These findings have importance for how cytogenetic studies are performed in leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Trisomy 12 in B cells of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Trisomy 12 is the most frequently reported chromosome abnormality in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but only normal karyotypes are found in one third of patients with that disorder. Moreover, samples from patients with trisomy 12 also have many normal metaphases. To identify immunologically the cells in which both the trisomy 12 and the normal karyotypes occur, we studied two patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia--one whose neoplastic cells demonstrated lambda light-chain clonality and one whose cells had kappa light-chain clonality. We used a recently developed cytogenetic method that allows simultaneous analysis of cell morphology, immunologic phenotype, and karyotype in the same mitotic cell. In cultures of blood cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, all the mitotic cells with either the lambda or the kappa immunoglobulin had trisomy 12, whereas all the cells that lacked these light chains or that had T-cell markers (OKT8 or OKT4) had normal karyotypes. These results show that trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs in the neoplastic B cells, but not in the T cells, and they thus provide an explanation for the common finding of mitoses with normal karyotypes in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

The proportion of mitoses in different cell lineages changes during short-term culture of normal human bone marrow.

To determine the hematopoietic cell lineage of mitotic cells in human bone marrow on direct examination and after 24-hour culture, marrow mitoses from four healthy individuals were studied, using a new technique that allows analysis of karyotypes in cells whose cell membrane and cytoplasm have been preserved. Mitoses were identified as being of erythroid lineage by immunofluorescent staining for surface glycophorin A and as being of granulocytic lineage by cytoplasmic staining for Sudan black B. On direct marrow examination without prior culture, the great majority of mitoses (74% to 90%) were of erythroid lineage; only a few (0% to 10%) were granulocytic. After 24-hour culture, the percentage of erythroid mitoses (15% to 40%) decreased, while the percentage of granulocytic mitoses (58% to 87%) increased strikingly. These data indicate that mitotic cells of different hematopoietic cell lineages predominate in marrow at different culture times and offer a plausible explanation for the high frequency of normal karyotypes in acute myeloid leukemia after direct marrow cytogenetic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Follow-up of antibodies against single-stranded DNA in patients with haematological malignancies.

Antibodies against single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in weekly serum samples of 39 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 11 with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and 26 with other haematological malignancies. Their frequency and mean level during the entire follow-up were higher than in sera of healthy blood donors. Patients with AML had the highest levels and prevalence of anti-ssDNA antibodies, i.e. overall frequencies of IgG class antibodies in patients with AML, ALL and other haematological malignancies were 97%, 82% and 58%, respectively. Antibodies of IgM class were less frequently found. Prevalence and levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies were already at least as high in newly diagnosed malignancies as later during the course of the disease. Following bacterial septicaemias, these antibodies were significantly low. No consistent correlations between levels of anti-Candida antibodies formed in response to fungal infections or concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and anti-ssDNA antibodies were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chromosome abnormalities in 16 Finnish patients with Burkitt's lymphoma or L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Eleven patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), i.e., small noncleaved non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 5 patients with Burkitt-type acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL-L3) were selected for chromosome study. Two of the 16 patients had no B-cell markers, but the erythrocyte marker--glycophorin A--was present on the surface of the leukemic blasts. The critical breakpoint at 8q24 was detected in 14 of the 16 patients, whereas this aberration was not detected in any of the 134 patients belonging to other subgroups of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or ALL that we studied during the same period. In addition to the t(8;14)(q24;q32), the following translocations with the breakpoint at 8q24 were seen: t(2;8)(p11;q24), t(8;11)(q24;q13) in BL, and t(2;8;14)(p11 or p12;q24;q32) in ALL. Additional aberrations seen more than once were trisomy #7 and abnormalities in chromosomes #1, #11, and #13.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mixed dextropropoxyphene poisoning: concentration-effect relationships and effect of naloxone.

The clinical course and the drug kinetics are described in a patient who ingested 1.35 g dextropropoxyphene chloride, 17.5 g aspirin, 7.5 g phenazone, 2.5 g butenemal, and 250 mg of a phentiazine derivative. Within 1 h the intoxication caused deep unconsciousness, severe respiratory depression, moderate circulatory failure, and slight quinidine-like changes in the ECG. Despite very high serum concentrations of dextropropoxyphene (peak 1010 micrograms/l at 2 h) and norpropoxyphene (871 micrograms/l at 8 h) the patient responded well to naloxone. No clear signs of the saturation of drug metabolism were found in this patient despite the high serum concentrations of dextropropoxyphene, salicylate, phenazone, and butenemal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acute dapsone intoxication: clinical findings and effect of oral charcoal and haemodialysis on dapsone elimination.

Three patients were treated after ingestion of an overdose of dapsone (1-10 g). A considerable acute cyanosis due to methaemoglobinaemia was followed by a late haemolysis within 1-2 weeks. Activated charcoal given orally in multiple doses (20 g X 4/day) shortened the half-life of dapsone to 12.7 +/- 0.7 hours, i.e. to about 1/3-1/6 of the preceding control value. The half-life of dapsone was about 10 hours during each of the three 5-hour haemodialysis treatments given to one patient. However, owing to the rebound phenomenon between haemodialyses, the half-life of dapsone from the start of the first to the end of the third haemodialysis was 26 hours. The efficacy of orally administered activated charcoal is fully comparable to that of haemodialysis in increasing the rate of elimination of dapsone and its metabolite monoacetyldapsone. Activated charcoal is cheap, it can be administered anywhere and its administration rarely involves complications.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Sotalol prolongation of the QTc interval in hypertensive patients.

The effect of oral sotalol on the heart rate-corrected AT interval (QTc) was studied in 33 hypertensive patients. Sotalol given once daily in doses of 160 to 640 mg prolonged in QTc interval in a concentration-dependent manner by up to 150 msec (P less than 0.001) over presotalol levels. The prolongation did not correlate with the initial length of the QTc interval. In seven patients with sotalol-prolonged QTc interval, the withdrawal of sotalol for 3 days shortened the interval to nearly its original length. The effect of sotalol of PQ and QRS times was minimal. Sotalol seems to differ from other beta antagonists in having clear amiodarone-like effects on the action potential of the heart after short- and long-term administration. The measuring of the QTc interval is recommended if high school concentrations are expected, since the risk of cardiac arrhythmias may increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acute erythroleukaemia with L3 morphology and the 14q+ chromosome.

L3 morphology according to the FAB classification and the 14q+ chromosome are usually ascribed to the Burkitt type of leukaemia or lymphoma with a B or pre-B cell phenotype. We report here a case of adult acute leukaemia with Burkitt morphology and the 14q+, which did not express lymphoid markers. Instead, the leukaemia was shown to be an acute erythroleukaemia. The erythrocyte marker glycophorin A was present on the surface of the leukemic blasts as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation from membrane lysates of surface labeled cells with antiglycophorin A antiserum. Spectrin and fetal hemoglobin appeared after cultivation of the blasts in the presence of sodium butyrate. The present case shows that a short term cultivation is sometimes useful for further characterization of the commitment of acute leukaemias.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Prolonged Q-T interval and severe tachyarrhythmias, common features of sotalol intoxication.

The findings in six patients admitted to hospital 0.5-4.5 h after the ingestion of an overdose of 2.4-8 g sotalol are described. In addition to bradycardia and hypotension, all patients had a considerably prolonged corrected Q-T interval, up to 172 +/- 8% of normal. Severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in five of the six patients, the risk was greatest up to 20 h after the ingestion of sotalol. The long Q-T interval returned to normal over 3 to 4 days, which is consistent with the long half-life of sotalol. In addition to its beta-blocking action, sotalol has marked electrophysiological properties of a Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, which are likely to be able to account for its observed effects. Special attention should be paid to the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias in sotalol intoxications.

Adolescent↗