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Biomedical subjects

E Elonen

Publications and source records attributed to E Elonen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chromosomal abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

In 2 patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 17 was seen in part of the bone marrow mitoses at diagnosis and relapse, respectively. In one of them, there was a t(15q+; 17q-) affecting one of the No. 15 chromosomes and both arms of the isochromosome. Thus the translocations must have occurred before (or simultaneously with) the formation of the isochromosome. This is the first example of t(15;17) out of 17 patients with APL studied in Finland.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Chromosome studies in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

Chromosome banding studies of the bone marrow were performed in 35 adult (greater than 14 years) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Surface marker analysis was done in 24 of these and revealed 4 B-ALL, 5 T-ALL and 15 non-T non-B ALL. Most patients were studied at diagnosis before any treatment. A clonal karyotypic abnormality was found in 16 patients (46 %) initially. A Philadelphia chromosome was found in 3 patients, all belonging to the non-T non-B group. 5 patients, who all had blast cells with morphologic characteristics of Burkitt type L, were found to have bone marrow cells with a 14q + marker chromosome. In at least 4 cases this was due to a t(8;14). The cytogenetic findings showed some correlation to the ALL subgroup, but not to the response to treatment or the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Oral activated charcoal and dapsone elimination.

The effect of orally given activated charcoal on the elimination of therapeutic and toxic doses of dapsone was studied in 5 healthy subjects and in 2 intoxicated patients. In a randomized crossover study the subjects took a total dose of 500 mg dapsone over 4 days; 10 hr after the last 100-mg dose of dapsone 50 gm activated charcoal as a water suspension (or water) was taken, followed by 4 consecutive doses of 17 gm at 12-hr intervals. The half-life (t 1/2) of serum dapsone was 20.5 +/- 2.0 hr during the control period and 10.8 +/- 0.4 hr during the charcoal period (p less than 0.01). The t 1/2 on serum monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) was shortened from 19.3 +/- 1.2 hr to 9.5 +/- 0.7 hr (p less than 0.01) by charcoal. The t 1/2s of dapsone and MADDS, calculated on the basis of urinary excretion rate, were shortened by charcoal; Two patients had taken large doses of dapsone in suicide attempts. The use of activated charcoal, 80 gm/day for 1 or 2 days, increased (3 to 5 times) the rate of elimination of both dapsone and MADDS, as reflected in serum concentration and urinary excretion data. The use of multiple doses of charcoal seems to be indicated as supplementary treatment of certain intoxications during the postabsorption phase if the drugs have a long t 1/2 and if they are secreted into the gut with subsequent reabsorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Prostaglandins and the cardiotoxic effects of doxepin in rabbits and guinea-pigs.

Intravenous administration of tricyclic antidepressants to rabbits leads to dysrhythmias largely attributable to their non-specific membrane effects. Further experiments with doxepin (Dx) were conducted to assess an eventual contribution by prostaglandins (PG) to these events. Dx infused intravenously to conscious or anaesthetized guinea-pigs proved as cardiotoxic as amitriptyline but more toxic than protriptyline, thus confirming our previous results in rabbits. PG F2 alpha given intravenously before or during the Dx infusion failed to antagonize cardiotoxicity. In conscious rabbits, pretreatment with drugs (aminophenazon, indomethacin, tolfenamic acid) known to inhibit PG synthesis failed to modify the Dx cardiotoxicity as also did PG F2 alpha which elevated blood pressure, however. PG F2 alpha also failed to counteract the ouabain cardiotoxicity in anaesthetized guinea-pigs and major Ba++-induced dysrhythmias in conscious rabbits. Our results suggest that a) at least Dx induced dysrhythmias are unresponsive to PGs, and that b) previous speculations about PGs as antiarrhythmic agents may be exaggerated.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1979

Poisoning with brown fly agaric, Amanita regalis.

Three patients ate different amounts of a common northern mushroom, brown fly agaric, Amanita regalis. All of them believed they had eaten delicious parasol mushrooms, Macrolepiota procera. The symptoms of poisoning began 1--2 hours after ingestion of the mushrooms. All the patients had marked gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea and heavy vomiting. Two had central nervous system manifestations and cholinergic symptoms: hallucinations, confusion, or loss of consciousness as well as copious salivation, or sweating. All patients recovered within 4--24 hours without any damage to liver, kidneys or central nervous system. It seems that cooking the mushrooms does not completely neutralize the toxic agents of Amanita regalis. The analysis of fried mushrooms shows that it may be possible to identify mushrooms reliably from the remains of a meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sotalol intoxication, two patients with concentration-effect relationships.

Two adult patients ingested an overdose of 2.4 g and 8.0 g of sotalol hydrochloride, respectively, i.e. 7-25 times the mean daily dose. Certain signs as bradycardia and hypotension were similar to those described for other beta-blocking agents. In addition to these, however, both patients had severe cardiac tachyarrhythmias and a considerably prolonged QT-interval in their electrocardiogram. The decline of serum sotalol concentrations followed first-order kinetics with the elimination half-life of 13-15 hours. There was a good correlation between the serum sotalol concentration and the prolongation of the QT-interval. Sotalol differs from other beta-blocking agents in its effects on the action potential of the ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers of the heart. This is likely to explain the different symptoms and findings of sotalol intoxication compared to those seen in connection with other beta-blocking agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute dapsone intoxication: a case with prolonged symptoms.

A 45-year-old man ate about 10 gm of dapsone (DDS). After initial vomiting marked methemoglobinemia with cyanosis, headache, and confusion developed. Methemoglobinemia subsided 7 days after ingestion when the concentrations of DDS and monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) were at the therapeutic level. Signs of hemolysis appeared on the third day after DDS ingestion, the hemolysis being maximal more than one week after ingestion. The initial disappearance of DDS and MADDS was slow, the apparent half-lives being 88 and 67 hr, respectively. Peroral activated charcoal seemed to shorten the half-lives of DDS and MADDS markedly. This result supports the concept of the enterohepatic cycle of dapsone and recommends the use of activated charcoal for several days in acute poisonings caused by DDS.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1978

Reduction of absorption of digoxin, phenytoin and aspirin by activated charcoal in man.

The inhibitory effect of activated charcoal 50 g suspended in water on the absorption of digoxin, phenytoin and aspirin was studied in six healthy volunteers in a cross-over manner. The absorption of digoxin and phenytoin were almost completely prevented (about 98%) when activated charcoal was ingested immediately after the drug. The total absorption of aspirin was inhibited by 70%; with clear postponement of absorption and partial release of aspirin from the charcoal in the gut: The peak serum concentration of aspirin was reduced by 95% by charcoal. When activated charcoal was ingested 1 hour after the drugs the inhibition of absorption was considerably less. However, since the absorption of larger doses of the drugs is often slow, the administration of an adequate dose of activated charcoal will be of definite value in the treatment of acute intoxication, even if delayed for several hours.

Adult↗