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Biomedical subjects

E Freeman

Publications and source records attributed to E Freeman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gingival crevicular fluid concentration and side effects of minocycline: a comparison of two dose regimens.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a direct comparison of two dose regimens of minocycline to determine 1) whether they achieved crevicular fluid concentrations in a therapeutic range; and 2) the frequency of side effects. In a double-blind design, 30 patients divided into 2 groups were given either 100 mg minocycline or 200 mg minocycline per day for an 8-day period. The concentration of minocycline in the gingival clevicular fluid (GCF) at 8 days was 4.77 micrograms/ml for the 100 mg a day group and 5.97 micrograms/ml for the 200 mg a day group and at 15 days was 4.30 micrograms/ml for the 100 mg a day group and 4.17 micrograms/ml for the 200 mg a day group. There was no significant difference in the antibiotic concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid between the 2 groups. Reported adverse experiences to the minocycline were greater in the 200 mg a day group. Short-term changes in periodontal health as measured by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and bleeding upon probing showed improvements in all parameters over the 15 day period. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the 100 mg a day and 200 mg a day group. At 8 days reduced levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were achieved but they were not eliminated from infected subgingival sites in either group. Achieving bacteriostatic concentrations of GCF, fewer side effects, and the potential for better compliance suggests that a single daily dose of 100 mg minocycline should now be investigated for its efficacy in managing periodontal infections manifesting as periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Potential predictors of information-seeking behavior by homosexual/bisexual (gay) men with a human immunodeficiency virus seropositive health status.

Seeking ways to improve their health, gay men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections living in San Francisco are developing information networks and patterns of self-care behavior. Drawing from a set of explanatory theories, this cross-sectional survey with retrospective elements examined patterns and potential predictors of information-seeking activity in a cohort or 162 HIV seropositive (HIV+) men, 60 of whom provided complete data sets. The study suggests that 1 year after becoming aware of an HIV+ health status, most patients have developed multifaceted information networks. The amount of tangible aid acquired from these networks and frequency of consultation is positively related to patterns of HIV self-care behaviors and "feeling calm" (p less than 0.01), suggesting that these variables may be important markers for the need of supportive-educative nursing care. Suggestions for nursing practice and research are also described.

Bisexuality↗
PubMed1991

Critically ill patients have high basal growth hormone levels with attenuated oscillatory activity associated with low levels of insulin-like growth factor-I.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Case-control study of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit was carried out. PATIENTS: Six critically ill patients (51-78 years) who required ventilation and parenteral nutrition and six age, weight, height, and sex-matched healthy adults were studied. MEASUREMENTS: The patients and controls were studied for two 24-hour periods; the patients before and after starting parenteral feeding, and the controls during a 36-hour fast and when taking meals equivalent in calories and protein to the patients' parenteral feed. Serum GH was measured at 20-minute intervals and analysed by a pulse detection algorithm (Pulsar) and Fourier transformation. IGF-I was measured at 0, 12, and 24 hours. RESULTS: Patients had low serum IGF-I levels compared with controls, whether fasted or fed, despite having mean GH levels similar to fasted controls. For fasted patients vs fasted controls the mean (+/- 1 SD) GH levels were 4.5 +/- 2.0 vs 4.0 +/- 2.4 mU/l respectively, and IGF-I levels at the end of the fast were 0.17 +/- 0.11 vs 0.78 +/- 0.29 U/ml (P = 0.003). Patients showed elevated baseline GH levels compared with controls when fasted and during parenteral feeding (patients vs controls fasted 3.1 +/- 1.9 vs 0.8 +/- 0.5 mU/l, P = 0.01; patients vs controls fed 4.2 +/- 4.5 vs 0.5 +/- 0.04 mU/l, P = 0.028). Fourier transformation confirmed oscillatory GH levels in the controls, fasted or fed, but this activity was attenuated in the patients. Parenteral feeding had no effect on the GH profiles or IGF-I levels of patients, but controls showed greater mean GH levels during their fast than when fed. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that critically ill patients have low IGF-I levels associated with augmented baseline GH levels which show reduced oscillatory activity. The results would be compatible with the hypothesis that there is an adaptive change in critically ill patients away from the indirect effects of GH (stimulation of IGF-I production and anabolism) and toward the direct effects (lipolysis and insulin antagonism) which increase the availability of energy substrates. The pattern of GH levels seen in our patients may be important in this adaptation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome.

Progesterone is the most widely used treatment for premenstrual syndrome. To answer definitely the question of whether progesterone suppositories are effective for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of 168 women, receiving progesterone in doses of 400 and 800 mg or placebo, was carried out. Premenstrual symptoms were not significantly improved by progesterone compared with placebo in any measure used in the study, including daily symptom reports maintained throughout treatment, clinician evaluation of improvement, and patient global reports of symptoms severity, relief, and disruption of daily activity. No symptom cluster or individual symptom differed significantly between progesterone and placebo treatment. These treatment results were not significantly affected by fluctuations in response during the placebo washout period, pretreatment levels of depression or anxiety at either postmenstrual or premenstrual times, or any of 19 other background, medical history, or symptom variables examined individually as covariates with treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale: an interrater reliability study in the HIV seropositive population.

The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NRS) has been used in the rapid bedside assessment of closed head-injured and stroke patients in the past and has been found to be highly predictive of long-term outlook. The NRS consists of 27 items in a Likert-type scale and measures cognition and behavioral parameters of brain disease. The NRS was administered to nine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals in a pilot interrater reliability study. Highly significant correlations (r .94 and r .97; p less than .001) were found between interviewers. Content and construct validity had already been established in prior research. To date, no quick, easy assessment tool measuring both cognitive and behavioral manifestations in this population has been widely used. Therefore, it becomes imperative that such a tool be available to nursing staff to aid in monitoring of neurologic deterioration, assist in appropriate placement of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex patients and planning of care.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

Characteristics of premenstrual syndrome.

To characterize the symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the menstrual symptom calendars of 100 women diagnosed with PMS were factor-analyzed. Scores on 18 symptoms were recorded daily for one menstrual cycle prior to the women's first clinic visits. Two factors were found to predominate throughout the cycle: The first included emotional and behavioral symptoms and the second included physical and cognitive symptoms. The two factors were constant throughout all the phases of the menstrual cycle. Emotional symptoms clustered together throughout the menstrual cycle and were the dominant symptoms on factor I. However, they loaded (correlation of the variable with the factor) on factors I and II during the postmenstrual phase. Behavioral symptoms loaded on factor I throughout the menstrual cycle; however, they were prevalent predominantly in the later half of the intermenstrual and the premenstrual phases. Physical symptoms loaded predominantly on factor II and were less prevalent than the emotional symptoms. The cognitive symptoms loaded on factor II during the premenstrual phase. These findings are relevant for defining PMS criteria for women who seek treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The reaction of skin to primers used in the "single-step" bonding systems.

A large number of direct bonding systems have been introduced for use by dentists and dental hygienists. Although these agents are used for direct bonding of brackets to enamel, contact with skin, oral mucosa, and gingiva is not uncommon. These products have wide clinical use, but their biocompatibility characteristics have not been extensively investigated. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the primer component of Mono-Lok (Rocky Mountain) and the primer component of Control (Lancer Pacific) on skin. Three adult Macaca mulatta monkeys were used in the study. The skin on their backs was shaved and the primer component of Control, primer component of Mono-Lok, and saline solution were applied at different sites every 3 days for up to four applications. The skin was examined clinically and, 5 days after the last application, a biopsy was performed for histologic evaluation. The skin in contact with the primer component of Mono-Lok exhibited pronounced inflammatory changes and was characterized by swelling, vesiculation, and ulceration. Histologic observations confirmed these findings by showing a marked inflammatory cellular response characterized by eosinophils. In contrast to these findings, the skin in contact with the primer component of Control or saline solution exhibited normal architecture. Histologic observations supported this appearance and showed minimal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results show that there are differences in the biocompatibility of direct bonding systems and that further studies are needed to clarify their long-term effects on patients and dental personnel.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Tissue reaction to primers used in the "single-step" bonding system.

A large number of direct-bonding systems have been introduced for use by orthodontists. Although these agents are used for direct bonding of brackets to enamel, contact with skin, oral mucosa, and gingiva is not uncommon. While these products have wide clinical use, their biocompatibility has not been extensively investigated. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the primer component of Mono-Lok and the primer component of Control on gingiva. Three adult and one juvenile Macaca mulatta monkeys were used in this investigation. In two adults and the one juvenile animal, the primer component of Mono-Lok was applied to the right buccal surfaces of teeth; in the remaining adult animal, the primer component of Control was applied to the right buccal surfaces of teeth. The excess material was extended 5.0 mm onto the gingival tissues and for 3 minutes the cheeks and saliva were kept away from the sites to be tested. Saline solution was applied to the left buccal segments in all animals. Primer and saline solution were applied at 3-day intervals for a period of 21 days. The gingival tissues were examined clinically and biopsied for histologic evaluation. The gingiva in contact with the primer component of Mono-Lok exhibited pronounced inflammatory changes and was characterized by redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. Histologic observations confirmed these findings by showing a marked inflammatory cellular response characterized by eosinophils. In contrast to these findings, the gingiva that was in contact with the primer component of Control or saline solution exhibited normal gingival architecture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The influence of heart rate on ouabain cardiotoxicity in cats with spinal cord transection.

The dose, serum level and ventricular content of ouabain needed to produce cardiotoxicity were examined in control cats, cats with transected spinal cords and cats with transected spinal cords whose heart rates were restored to control values by artificial pacing. The lethal dose of ouabain was higher in cats with transected spinal cords and not paced than it was in the control group. However, the lethal dose of ouabain in spinal-sectioned cats with ventricular pacing was no different from that in controls. However, in both groups of spinal-sectioned cats, death was associated with higher ventricular and serum levels of ouabain than in controls. The ventricular ouabain content of paced animals with transected spinal cords was higher than that of controls and lower than that of unpaced spinal cats. Thus, restoration of heart rate to control levels in spinal animals appeared to accelerate myocardial ouabain uptake. The lower myocardial ouabain content in the spinal-sectioned animals which were paced suggests that pacing sensitizes the heart to cardiotoxicity. Spinal section itself appears to decrease the sensitivity to ouabain partly through a decrease in cardiac rate and partly through a loss of neurogenic influence.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The keratinization potential of crevicular epithelium: an experimental study.

Free grafts, consisting of nonkeratinized crevicular epithelium and supporting connective tissue, were placed into recipient beds prepared in nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa of the rhesus monkey. Four weeks later these grafts clinically resembled keratinized gingiva and this was confirmed by biopsy and histological examination. Electron microscopy indicated that the connective tissue supporting the crevicular epithelium changed to resemble that supporting keratinized gingiva in the 4-week graft. These findings were interpreted to indicate that crevicular epithelium has the potential to keratinize and that this potential is only realized when the inflammation is resolved in its supporting connective tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sutural development: structure and its response to rapid expansion.

This fine structural study of the suture, its development, structure, and response to rapid expansion has shown that the sutural complex is best described in terms of the functional activity of two cell populations, namely, the osteocytic and fibrocytic series, which have the ability to remodel the tissues which they form. It is suggested that the previous detailed descriptions of differences in fiber orientation and vascular distribution reflect functional activity of a suture at any given time rather than immutable anatomic characteristics. Development of the suture and its rapid expansion showed many similarities in that growth during development and orthopedic expansion both separate the joint. If the initial inflammatory aspect of rapid expansion is ignored, the response of the suture is one of osteogenesis and fibrillogenesis, followed finally by remodeling. It is also suggested that sutural expansion involves injury followed by a proliferative repair phenomenon which, in other tissues, usually leads to the formation of scar tissue. However, the ability of sutural connective tissue fibroblasts to remodel ultimately leads to regeneration of the suture. Finally, programmed cell death has been shown to be an important feature in the development of the suture.

Activator Appliances↗