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Biomedical subjects

E G Pearson

Publications and source records attributed to E G Pearson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of bronchodilators in alleviating clinical signs in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A representative of each of 3 types of bronchodilators was given iv to horses with clinical signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We used atropine (0.01 mg/kg of body weight) as an anticholinergic, isoproterenol HCl as a beta-adrenergic, and aminophylline, the soluble salt of theophylline, as a methylxanthine. Response to these drugs was evaluated by measuring maximal change in intrathoracic pressures (delta Ppl) and observing clinical signs. Atropine caused a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in delta Ppl, compared with that caused by aminophylline. Atropine caused the delta Ppl to decrease an average of 83 +/- 15% toward normal. Clinical improvement was noticed in 87% of the cases. Maximal changes in pleural pressures were reduced by an average of 21 +/- 14 mm of Hg, with 27% returning completely to normal. Isoproterenol helped 77% of horses clinically, and caused delta Ppl to decrease an average of 68 +/- 31% toward normal. The average reduction in delta Ppl was 16 +/- 10 mm of Hg. Aminophylline helped alleviate clinical signs of 50% of the horses and caused delta Ppl to decrease an average of 41 +/- 36% toward normal. The average reduction in delta Ppl was 10 +/- 11 mm of Hg.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of normal triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine concentrations in llamas (Lama glama).

Basal serum triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations have not been established for the llama (Lama glama). In addition, changes in T3 and T4 concentrations in response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) administration have not been determined, making clinical evaluation of problems referable to thyroid dysfunction difficult. In study 1, basal T3 and T4 concentrations were determined in serum samples collected from 132 clinically healthy llamas. The llamas were allotted to 3 groups: mature intact or neutered males (group I, n = 25), nonpregnant sexually mature females (group II, n = 21), and pregnant females (group III, n = 86). A mean concentration and a 95% confidence interval were computed for each group. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that a single confidence interval range (0.45 to 4.18, mean = 1.37 ng T3/ml) adequately defined the normal T3 concentrations for all groups. An ANOVA indicated that the T4 concentrations for the female populations (groups II and III) could be combined with a normal confidence interval range of 39 to 204 ng/ml (mean = 88 ng/ml), whereas a separate range (70 to 220 ng/ml, mean = 124 ng/ml) was determined for the male population. An ANOVA indicated that a single confidence interval range (0.0066 to 0.0321, mean = 0.0146) adequately defined the normal T3/T4 ratio for all groups. In study 2, T3 and T4 concentrations were evaluated in 10 healthy llamas immediately preceding and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after the IV administration of 3 IU of TSH/44 kg of body weight. The T3 and T4 concentrations were significantly higher by 2 hours after TSH administration in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Juvenile granulosa cell tumour in an equine weanling.

A juvenile granulosa cell tumour is described in a 3-month-old Arabian filly. The 32 X 27 X 27 cm tumour had replaced the right ovary. The neoplasm was composed of multiple nodules of neoplastic granulosa cells which formed microfollicles, macrofillicles and cysts, as well as solid nests and trabeculae. The supporting stroma contained theca cells. Mixing of the neoplastic granulosa cells and theca cells in disorderly fashion was noted. The diagnosis was based on age of occurrence and histological appearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Suspected chlorpyrifos toxicosis in a llama, and plasma pseudocholinesterase activity in llamas given chlorpyrifos.

Five days after treatment with chlorpyrifos, a 1.5-year-old male llama was unable to stand, had saliva flowing from its mouth, and had constricted pupils, hyperglycemia, a metabolic acidosis, and a plasma pseudocholinesterase activity of 111 IU/L. Mean (+/- 1 SD) plasma pseudocholinesterase activity of 29 healthy llamas was 233.76 +/- 51.55 IU/L. Five to 8 days after topical application of chlorpyrifos (25 mg/kg of body weight) to 3 healthy llamas, the pseudocholinesterase activity decreased to 38% to 62% of pretreatment (base-line) activity and returned to within 90% of base-line activity by the 36th to 48th day after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pleuritis and pneumonia attributed to a conifer twig in a bronchus of a horse.

A conifer twig was responsible for severe fibrinopyogranulomatous adhesive pleuritis and pneumonia in a horse. At necropsy, the twig was found in a terminal bronchus and extended into the lung parenchyma, through the pleura, and into the accumulated exudate. Inhalation of plant material may be a more common cause of pleuritis than previously recognized. Meticulous examination at necropsy would be necessary to make the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hemorrhagic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type C in a foal.

A 4-day-old foal died with bloody diarrhea. Using a mouse neutralization test, Clostridium perfringens type C was isolated from intestinal contents, and alpha and beta toxins were identified. About 4 m of the jejunum had severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopically, large, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria were seen on necrotic intestinal villi by use of Brown and Hopp's stains.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Discriminant analysis of the clinical indicants for bovine coliform mastitis.

We used discriminant analysis to assess the indicants most useful in predicting whether a cow had coliform bacterial mastitis. One hundred and twenty-nine mastitic cows were divided into two groups, namely those with milk cultures that yielded pure or mixed gram negative organisms, and cows with other organisms or negative culture. Of 21 indicants examined by discriminate analysis only a history of previous mastitis in the affected quarter, weakness, clear or white color of milk, swelling of the udder, water consistency of the milk, lack of previous mastitis in other quarters, lack of palpable udder abscesses, and elevated body temperature were significantly associated with coliform mastitis. Using these variables 78% of cases were correctly classified.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical biochemical values of llamas: reference values.

Fifteen clinical biochemical measurements were done on serum from 64 clinically healthy adult llamas (26 males and 38 females). Values for several of these tests were different from those reported for llamas and from reference values for other domesticated ruminants. Comparison of values between males and females revealed significant differences for several tests. Clinical biochemical values reported in the present study can serve as reference values for adult llamas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dietary supplementation with ethoxyquin, magnesium oxide, methionine hydroxy analog, and B vitamins on tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) toxicosis in beef cattle.

Dried tansy ragwort containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids was fed as 2.5% of a complete (control) diet to Hereford steers, with and without (basal) a mixture of additives. The additives provided a dietary supplement equivalent to 0.1% ethoxyquin, 1% methionine hydroxy analog, 2% MgO, 2.7 mg of vitamin B6/kg of diet, 50 micrograms of vitamin B12/kg of diet, 0.45 g of folic acid/kg of diet, and 0.2 g of cobalt/kg of diet. The additives did not alter tansy ragwort toxicity substantially, as assessed by liver histologic changes, sulfobromophthalein clearance rate, and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. After 281 days, 1 of 4 steers fed the basal diet was alive, whereas 3 of 4 steers in the basal plus additives group were alive, suggesting some protective activity. The chronic lethal dose of tansy ragwort in steers was 3.6% of initial body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Theophylline and dyphylline pharmacokinetics in the horse.

The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and dyphylline were determined after IV administration in horses. In a preliminary experiment, the usual human dosage (milligram per kilogram) of each drug was given to 1 horse. Results were used to calculate dosages for a cross-over study, using 6 horses for each drug. Theophylline plasma concentrations decreased triexponentially in 5 of 6 healthy horses after IV infusion of 10 mg of aminophylline/kg of body weight for 16 to 32 minutes. In the 6 horses, total body elimination rate constants were variable, and the half-life of theophylline was 9.7 to 19.3 hours. Clearance was 42.3 to 69.2 ml/hr/kg. The initial distribution phase was rapid (t1/2 approx 3.5 to 4 minutes); a 2nd distribution phase was slower (t1/2 approx 1.5 to 2 hours). Plasma concentrations of theophylline were in the assumed effective range (10 to 20 micrograms/ml) from 15 minutes until 40 minutes after time zero. The mean apparent volume of distribution was 1.02 L/kg. After bolus IV injection of dyphylline (20 mg/kg), pharmacokinetics were best described by a 2-compartment open model in 2 horses and by a 3-compartment open model in 4 horses. In the 6 horses, elimination half-life of dyphylline was 1.9 to 2.9 hours, and clearance was 200 to 320 ml/hr/kg. Plasma concentrations (approx 50 micrograms/ml) were observed at 10 minutes after injection without adverse effects. Concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml were observed from time zero to about 1.5 hours after injection. Theophylline induced significant increases in heart rate, but dyphylline did not affect heart rate significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of causes of respiratory diseases in cattle.

Cattle with Pasteurella bronchopneumonia usually have a fever, abnormal respiratory sounds in the cranioventral lung fields, consolidation, pleuritis and abscesses. Lungworms primarily affect 4- to 6-month-old calves, which become febrile and dyspneic, with moist rales. Diagnosis is by fecal examination using the Baermann technic. Proliferative pneumonia usually affects stabled adults, which develop severe dyspnea and tachypnea. Diagnosis is by the history, clinical signs and lung biopsy. Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema is caused by ingestion of large amounts of L-tryptophan in lush pasture. Affected cattle have severe, acute dyspnea, an expiratory grunt and froth around the muzzle. Diagnosis is by the history and clinical signs. Bronchiolitis obliterans narrows the airways of older animals to cause dyspnea. A positive response to corticosteroids aids diagnosis. Anaphylaxis occurs in cattle of all types and ages and is precipitated by various antigens in a type-I hypersensitivity reaction. Use of atropine aids diagnosis. Allergic or hypersensitivity pneumonia is caused by an allergy to insecticides, dead ascarid larvae or the mold, Micropolyspora faeni. Diagnosis is by a history of insect fogger use, finding M faeni in the forage, and typical histologic lesions in lung samples. Cattle with caudal vena caval thrombosis have dyspnea, a fever, froth around the muzzle, an expiratory groan and hypergammaglobulinemia. Malignant catarrhal fever is diagnosed by a history of previous exposure to sheep and finding swollen lymph nodes, fever, neutropenia and arteritis.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1984

Rates of diagnosis of six diseases of Holstein cows during 15-day and 21-day intervals.

The lactations of 3,172 Holstein dairy cows were divided into intervals of 15 and 21 days. The numbers of new diagnosis of metritis, cystic ovary, miscellaneous reproductive disorders, mastitis, left displaced abomasum, and milk fever in each interval were counted. The numbers of cows at risk in each interval were also counted. A cow was at risk if she was still milking, in the herd, and a diagnosis had not already been made for that condition in that lactation. A cow was also only at risk of a reproductive diagnosis if she was not pregnant. For each interval, the incidence rate of new diagnosis was calculated by dividing the number of new diagnoses by the number of cows at risk.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1982

A case of presumptive salt poisoning (water deprivation) in veal calves.

Salt poisoning/water deprivation has been described under various circumstances in adult cattle. The signs and lesions in cattle are somewhat different from those in swine, which are frequently affected. This report describes several cases of salt poisoning in veal calves. The calves were fed milk replacer and were housed without access to water. Presenting signs were mostly referrable to dysfunction of the central nervous system and included hyperesthesia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, muscle twitching and intermittent convulsions. Although the serum sodium concentration in some of these calves was over 200 mEq/1, no remarkable brain lesions were noted at necropsy. The salt content of the milk replacer was 10 times the level recommended by the National Research Council. This salt may have come from the whey included in the formula. The syndrome produced in the veal calves was similar to that seen in infant children given only a nursing formula containing too much salt, and limited water.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A randomized trial for evaluation of bandaging sole abscesses in cattle.

A randomized clinical trial of treatment of sole abscess in cattle was conducted to determine whether bandaging a foot after debridement of an abscess improved outcome. Sixty-six feet from 63 cows were randomly allocated to bandaged or unbandaged groups, and clinical recovery was graded by comparison of lameness at initial examination and at 2 follow-up examinations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups at entry into the trial or at 1 month after treatment. Unbandaged feet were significantly less lame 1 week after treatment, and this difference was attributed to rapid healing of small lesions in feet of cows in stanchion and tie-stall barns. There was no group in which bandaging improved outcome.

Abscess↗