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Biomedical subjects

E Günther

Publications and source records attributed to E Günther.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Enterococci as pathogens of severe infections in newborn infants and young infants].

We report about severe perinatal infections caused by enterococci during a 5 year-period. Between January 1983 and December 1987 8 infants were treated in the Department of Neonatology of the Charité-Hospital, 5 of them died. In 4 of the infants this infection was of the early onset type and in 4 infants the infection had a late onset. The clinical course of the four infants with early onset type was very similar to that of infants with group-B-streptococcus disease. The increase of severe infections caused by enterococci in 1987 (7 cases) is unclear. One cause of the increase could be, that the chemotherapy of septicemia and meningitis in the Department of Neonatology of the Charité is the combination cefotiam and gentamicin or cefotaxime and gentamicin. Enterococci are resistant to all cephalosporins and a selection of these pathogens after this therapy is possible. In vitro and clinical experience has demonstrated, that a ampicillin-gentamicin combination constitutes effective therapy for enterococcal infection.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of communicable skin diseases in school children of a rural area in North Ethiopia].

The pupils of 5 elementary schools in the Dembia-District in Northethiopia were inspected in serial examinations. The transmissible skin diseases head lice infestation, tinea capitis, impetigo contagiosa and verrucae vulgares are very common among the unselected children (5 to 15 years old). Only 16% of all children had not any infectious skin disease. The investigations showed the unfortunate conditions of the poor hygiene those are existing in the rural areas of a developing country in the tropics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A mutant rat major histocompatibility haplotype showing a large deletion of class I sequences.

The LEW. 1LM1 inbred rat strain, which has been derived from a (LEW x LEW.1W) F2 hybrid, carries a major histocompatibility (RT1) haplotype which is distinct from that of the LEW strain (RT1(1)) in that certain RT1.C region-determined class I antigens are not expressed. Here we show that this phenotypic defect is due to genomic deletion of about 100 kb of the RT1.C region. Certain deleted DNA fragments have been cloned from the wild-type DNA into the EMBL4 vector. Five clones have been characterized and are shown to possess different restriction maps and to each carry a single stretch of class I cross-hybridizing sequences. Probes derived from the non-class I coding part of two clones detect fragments which are present in the wild-type but absent from the lm1 mutant. The type of deletion described here in the rat is discussed in the context of H-2D/Q deletions in the mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Genetic control of rat heart allograft rejection: effect of different MHC and non-MHC incompatibilities.

We investigated the genetic control of heterotopic heart allograft rejection using a family of standard inbred, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic, and intra-MHC recombinant rat strains. Gene products of the various regions within the rat MHC differed markedly in their capacity to induce rejection. Isolated incompatibility at class I antigens encoded by the RTl.A and RTl.C regions failed to induce rejection within the observation period of 100 days, whereas class II antigens encoded by the RTl.B/D region provoked rapid rejection within 10 days. By comparison of the rejection times of isolated and combined incompatibilities a number of functional interactions could be demonstrated between individual MHC regions which either prolonged or shortened allograft survival. In contrast to rapid rejection of MHC-mismatched heart allografts, differences at non-MHC histocompatibility antigens were associated with graft survival beyond 100 days, although chronic rejection of variable severity was detected histologically. Disparity at non-MHC plus class I antigens, however, provoked acute heart allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

MHC polymorphism pre-dating speciation.

Two features distinguish the polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci from that of other loci: its high diversity and the large genetic distance between MHC alleles. More than 100 alleles exist in natural populations in the mouse at each of the functional class I and class II alleles, all alleles occurring at frequencies that cannot be explained by recurrent mutations. Some of the alleles differ by approximately 70 nucleotides in the coding region alone and some of the products of the allelic genes differ by more than 50 amino acids. It has generally been assumed that these differences accumulated after species inception. Here, we present evidence for an alternative explanation of the origin of MHC polymorphism: a large part of the MHC polymorphism pre-dates speciation and is passed on from species to species. We describe allelic differences that must have arisen before the separation of mice and rats from a common ancestor more than 10 million years ago.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Response-oriented therapy with CHOP and VIM-Bleo in high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Twenty four patients with high grade malignant NHL (stage II 8, stage III 4, stage IV 12 patients respectively) were treated with a response-oriented regimen: Treatment was initiated according to the CHOP-protocol. Patients achieving at least a partial remission after 2 and a complete remission (CR) after 4 cycles were continued on CHOP to a total of 9 cycles. Patients not meeting these criteria were switched to a combination of Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, and Bleomycin (VIM-Bleo). With CHOP treatment, 16 patients (67%) achieved a CR. Of the remaining 8, 7 were treated with VIM-Bleo; 5 of these entered CR for a overall CR rate of 21/24 (88%). With a median follow up of 28 months 7 patients relapsed: 6 relapses occurred in patients with a rapid initial response and treated only with CHOP. We conclude, that there is a significant risk of relapse even in patients readily responding to CHOP and that consolidation therapy with a non cross-resistant regimen may improve results in these patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Escalating dose regimen of intraperitoneal mitoxantrone: phase I study--clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Mitoxantrone, a recent anthracenedione derivative, is a potentially useful drug for direct intraperitoneal (i.p.) application because of its high tissue binding and therapeutic index. We have carried out studies to establish maximum tolerated doses as well as pharmacokinetic studies with i.p. mitoxantrone in 21 patients (5 male, 16 female) with gastrointestinal (9), ovarian (6), unknown (2) and other (4) primary cancers and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Increasing doses (10-40 mg/m2) were given i.p. every 4 weeks. Five partial remissions (2-8+ months) and 7 stable disease courses (2-6+ months) were achieved. A reduction or disappearance of ascites was seen in an additional 3 patients. Severe toxicity (leucopenia) was observed in 4 patients only after 35 and 40 mg/m2 i.p. Pharmacokinetic analysis using high performance liquid chromatography yielded the following data: The mean ratio of area under curve peritoneal fluid to plasma was 1109. The peritoneal clearance rate was 680 ml/min and the mean disappearance half life was 13.1 h. Mean urinary excretion within 24 h was 0.42% of the i.p. dose. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is sequestered in the intraperitoneal tissue compartment and only slowly released. Based on the outcome of this phase I study we recommend phase II studies at a dose of 30 mg/m2 i.p., repeated every 3-4 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Colonization of pregnant females and their newborn infants with group B streptococci at the Gondar College of Medical Sciences].

The importance of neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by group B streptococci (GBS) has risen worldwide in the last ten years. Between January and June 1987 200 nonselected intrapartum women at Gondar College of Medical Sciences were examined for GBS colonization. One rectal and vaginal swab was collected from each woman and cultured in 5% sheepblood agar. Cultures also from 80 newborns were obtained from throat and ear. The colonization rate of women was 9.0%. 5% of the newborns were positive for GBS. The most frequent isolated GBS-type was I b/c, this result is different from those in Europe and the USA. The authors believe, that GBS infections of newborns in development countries are also possible. These severe infections should be included in the diagnostic and therapeutic measures in future.

Ethiopia↗