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Biomedical subjects

E García-Albea

Publications and source records attributed to E García-Albea.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory insufficiency as the first sign of mitochondrial disorders].

INTRODUCTION: In spite of the great variability in clinical signs in the mitochondrial disorders, reports of respiratory disorders in these conditions are purely anecdotal, and almost all occurred in patients with clinical data of the illness. We present a case in which respiratory insufficiency was the first sign of a mitochondrial disorder. CASE REPORT: A 74 year old patient, with no significant clinical history, had two episodes of severe acute respiratory insufficiency without cardiopulmonary causes to justify it. The patient was investigated for neuromuscular disorders and had a muscle biopsy compatible with mitochondrial myopathy. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of respiratory failure in patients with mitochondrial disorders is exceptional, is not related to the degree of deterioration of the respiratory function tests and is potentially reversible.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epilepsy in the Spanish Renaissance. The work of Pérez Cascales of Alcalá].

INTRODUCTION: During the Renaissance, the University of Alcalá de Henares represented the most best of Spanish medical humanism. A return to the classics after mediaeval religious obscurantism meant a 'modern' spirit of reconsideration of the major neurological disorders. DEVELOPMENT: In 1611 Francisco Pérez Cascales, trained at this university, wrote the first great Spanish treatise on paediatrics, Liber de affectionibus puerorum, which included a long chapter on epilepsy (alferecía). The author, considered to be a 'Hippocratic galenist' critically reviewed, with data from empirical observations, the Greek theory of humours. Following the Galenic tradition, he distinguished three types of epilepsy: primary or originating in the brain, and by 'consensus' (originating in another region but with secondary cerebral involvement) either of the stomach or other parts of the body. CONCLUSION: The work of Pérez Cascales is one of the most complete contributions to the under understanding of epilepsy at his time.

Epilepsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurology in the medical papyruses of the pharaohs].

The civilization of Ancient Egypt included a long period of almost three millenniums, and is the most interesting example of the so-called pretechnical archaic cultures. Papyrus scrolls are the main source of information about medical activities. There are fourteen medical papyrus scrolls, in varying states of conservation, mostly corresponding to the Middle Empire, but containing references to the Ancient Empire (the period of the pyramids). These are practical treaties with little explanation of the underlying pathology (a primitive theory of the 'flow' of humors, involving the flowing of different malignant entities) within a system of magic and religion. The empirical observations referring to diseases or dysfunctions of the nervous system, although few, seem to be worth reviewing. Remedies for migraine ('the disorder affecting half the head') take up a long chapter of the only complete and best preserved Ebers papyrus. Dementia (deterioration with age), convulsions and tetany are briefly mentioned in several papyrus scrolls. With the detailed description of the clinical findings of cranial and vertebral trauma, and the orderly assessment of severity presented in Edwin Smith's papyrus the neurology of pharaonic Egypt attained its greatest importance.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spanish neurology during "The Illumination". The work of Gaspar Casal].

During 'The Illustration', Spanish medicine broke free of its cultural isolation and sought to participate in the new European tendencies. Sydenham's medicine, based on observation as opposed to the dogmatism of Galenism, was practised in our country by Gaspar Casal of Gerona. His posthumous work Historia Natural y Médica del Principado de Asturias is an outstanding example of observation and theory based on the evidence. Famous for his description of the clinical picture of pellagra (mal de la rosa) it includes chapters in which his clinical acumen was applied to neurological conditions such as hysteria, epilepsy and apoplexy.

History, 17th Century↗
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[Spanish national neurology (psychiatry). The work of Vallejo Nájera and López Ibor].

After the Civil War, Spanish science underwent a profound crisis. The promising neurology of Madrid, which went hand in hand with psychiatry, collapsed since its leading figures were on the Republican side. The new leaders, Vallejo Nájera and López Ibor, gradually abandoned the neurological aspect so that this disappeared, and from a psychiatric point of view tried to support the new dominating ideas based on German national-socialism (German national psychiatry). Their 'pure' neurological work is limited, although of interest, since it represents the scant output of our specialty during those years.

History, 19th Century↗
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[Luis Simarro: precursor of Spanish Neurology and Grand Master of the freemasons].

Luis Simarro is considered to be the great precursor of Spanish Neurology, Neurohistology and Psychology. Together with Cajal he was one of the most outstanding figures of the Spanish freemasons in the field of medicine, where he reached the highest rank: Grand Master of the Spanish Great Orient. These historical notes summarize the scientific contribution of Simarro and his extensive work in the field of politics where he was influential in the modernization of Spain.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral hand dystonia secondary to a bilateral opercular syndrome or Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome].

INTRODUCTION: The main clinical feature of the opercular syndrome (Foix Chavany Marie) is the automatic voluntary dissociation of the facio glosso pharyngeal movements (that is, the alteration of voluntary motility with preservation of authomatic movements). Less frequently, it is presented with movement disorders as dystonia. CASE REPORT: We report a male patient aged 40 years who developed a biopercular syndrome of vascular etiology (confirmed by neuroimaging), in the context or a clinical picture of global hipoxemia, for which the most outstanding clinical manifestation was the presence of dystonic posturing. CONCLUSION: Although dystonia is usually related with damage or dysfunction of the basal ganglia or thalamus, in some case it can be caused by lesions in other locations, such as in some patients with biopercular syndrome as in the present case

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurology in the works of Lope de Vega].

The Madrilenian Félix Lope de Vega Carpio (1562 1635) was the first Spanish playwright. As a privileged witness to his time and with an exquisite knowledge of the human soul, he managed to portray all the social and human reality of the Golden Age in his more than 700 plays. Illnesses and those who suffer them are to be found throughout his works. Many neurological diseases, such as apoplexy, melancholy, headaches or epilepsy, appear quite often in his plays. His descriptions are accurate and the ideas about each disease reflect the knowledge that existed during his time (galenic, medieval or renaissance).

History, 16th Century↗
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[Wilder G. Penfield at the Residencia de Estudiantes (madrid, 1924)].

INTRODUCTION: Wilder Graves Penfield (1891-1976) is considered to be one of the 20th century's most gifted and brilliant neuroscientists. He made crucial contributions in the field of epileptology or in brain mapping. He was the founder and director of the advanced Montreal Neurological Institute, regarded as being one of the most prestigious neurological and neurosurgical centres in the world. DEVELOPMENT: His wish to further basic neuroscientific knowledge as much as possible led him to Europe. In the spring of 1924 he arrived in Madrid with his wife and two children on an 'exciting adventure' to improve his knowledge of the histology of the nervous system. Inside the walls of the Residencia de Estudiantes (1910-1936) could be found an enlightening generation of artists and scientists who represented the beginning of the modernization of the country. The building had some humble but very active laboratories, where the scholars elaborated their scientific projects in order to opt for grants allowing them to travel to foreign centres. The North American scientist spent four and a half months participating enthusiastically in what was at that time an avant-garde subject: the discovery and characterisation of glial cells, which would be developed in a number of publications. He was also 'fascinated' by the 'cultural renaissance' that was taking place in Spain.

Academies and Institutes↗