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Biomedical subjects

E H Relyveld

Publications and source records attributed to E H Relyveld.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Prevention and therapy of L1210 leukemia in mice, using inactivated and grafted tumor cells, in association with the immunomodulator P40, and Antineoplastic Agents (author's transl)].

The effect on L1210 in Mice of an immunostimulation with P40 fraction isolated from C. granulosum and inactivated L1210 cells coupled with tetanus toxoid, in combination or not with chemotherapy with either daunorubicin or mitomycin, has been looked for using various modalities. Cells partly inactivated by action of the drugs in vitro have also been used for grafting the Mice. The strongest inhibition of tumour growth was observed when the following treatment sequence was applied: Immunostimulation, tumor grafting, chemotherapy, immunostimulation. The significance of the reported results for the treatment of Human neoplasia is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

[Protective effect of P40 fraction of C. granulosum against leukemia L1210 in mice].

Administration of glutaraldehyde treated L1210 leukemia cells, either alone or coupled with tetanus toxoid by means of glutaraldehyde as well as L1210 cells inactivated by mitomycin, did not induce appreciable protection against a tumorigenic dose of L1210 cells. On the other hand, injection of P40 fraction of C. granulosum induced non-specific resistance to L1210 leukemia and increased the efficiency of specific immunization by either glutaraldehyde treated L1210 cells or cells coupled with tetanus toxoid. Injection of Freund's complete adjuvant resulted in increase of rate of mortality after challenge with L1210 cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Studies on untoward reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Adverse reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have frequently been reported. The cause of these reactions has been attributed to different factors, including sensitization by prior vaccination. However, this explanation does not hold for primary vaccination. In this case, undesirable reactions to diphtheria toxoid are most likely due to bacterial cellular fractions present in the vaccines. In fact, we were able to demonstrate that fortuitous contact with atoxigenic diphtheria strains can induce sensitization. Consequently, vaccination should be carried out with highly purified toxoids, so as to prevent untoward reactions due to the presence of impurities. It is also preferable to detoxify purified toxins, rather than to purify crude toxoids.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Antitetanus vaccination: preliminary results of a study in Africa].

Two commercialized anatoxins, titrating 30 Lf per dose and adsorbed on Ca phosphate and Al hydroxide respectively, were studied in comparison with an experimental anatoxin titrating 25 Lf per dose and adsorbed on Al phosphate, and with a placebo. 595 schoolchildren from Cameroun were randomly assigned to four groups and inoculated twice, with a year's interval between the two inoculations. Serological checks were carried out by double-blind trials using the passive hemagglutination (HA) method on days 7, 90, 365 and 395. HA titers rose substantially after three months and then fell during the 12th month. The HA method does not give a clear indication of the amount of protection obtained after only one inoculation, but this amount would seem to be small according to the results of neutralization tests carried out on samples. It is only after the second injection that protection is provided for most subjects. Results vary depending on the anatoxin and are not linked to the--benign--clinical reactions observed. This study confirms that if anatoxins with high antigenicity are to be used, two injections are necessary and sufficient to guarantee good immunity protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Results of simplified immunization schedules in the developing countries].

The results of studies on the immunization of people in developing countries with vaccines adsorbed on calcium phosphate are presented in this paper. Several programs which were studied with various organizations cooperating and which were intended to simplify vaccination campaigns brought us to the following conclusions: --that immunization against diphtheria and tetanus by two injections with an interval of one year between them is effective, --that two injections of inactivated trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine followed up by booster one year later ensure that 90% of the infants are protected, --that it is possible to vaccinate pregnant women by one or two injections of tetanus vaccine and protect both mothers and newborn babies against tetanus, and --that combined vaccines which enable simultaneous immunization of subjects against a maximum of infections are possible.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1978

[The passive hemagglutination test in the evaluation of antitetanus immunity].

The conditioned, passive hemagglutination method, which is simple, quick, economical and very sensitive, is suited for large-scale studies in which it is not possible to carry out the in vivo seroneutralization. However, our experience has confirmed that it has certain drawbacks and restrictions: (1) the technique must be applied very carefully and good laboratory training is required. The results obtained by this method vary according to several factors, especially the degree to which the antigen has been purified and its blood carriers, therefore these results are not always consistent; (2) the antibodies found were not a good indication of the degree of protection except at high titers. A study of correlations between HA titers and neutralizing (mice) titers carried out on the basis of 509 double titrations has demonstrated that, whereas they are satisfactory in clearly immune subjects, they show only mediocre results in subjects who are receptive or who are displaying a primary response: a wide range of variation has been observed as well as an optimalization of HA titers, perhaps because of IgM's. Therefore, the HA method, despite its usefulness, cannot provide precise evaluations for: --the amount of protection provided by an anti-tetanus vaccine, --the proportion of protected subjects in a certain group of people, --an injured person's anti-tetanus immunity. We should work to develop in vitro tests which are both sensitive and reliable in terms of the anti-tetanus protection threshold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Allergens adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide preparation, standardization controls and therapeutic results].

Specific desensitizing treatments with house dust extract purified and adsorbed on aluminium hydroxyde gave 79% good and very good results in 355 patients. Grass pollen extracts adsorbed on the same adjuvant gave 76% good and very good results in 166 patients. Desensitization by the adsorbed preparations requires fewer injections than the usual methods, while offering security by the absence of anaphylactic reactions, particularly with pollen extracts. The activity of the preparations is tested after appropriate dilution, taking account of the total nitrogen content of the dust extracts and the weight of raw materials used in the manufacture of the pollen extracts. The results of the intradermal tests undertaken with fluid preparations and compared with those obtained with a standard preparation allow to standardize the allergenic activity of the extracts. It is thus possible to guarantee the pharmaceutical quality of the allergens both for diagnostic tests and for treatments. Chemical analyses and control of acute, delayed or chronic toxicity ensure the innocuousness of the preparations.

Allergens↗