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Biomedical subjects

E Hem

Publications and source records attributed to E Hem.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Priapism. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

Priapism is a condition of prolonged penile erection which often causes pain and is unrelated to sexual desire. There is a high risk of impotence despite immediate intervention. The incidence has doubled since the introduction of intracorporeal injection therapy for impotence. Two subtypes of priapism have been described, depending on the underlying cause. The more common type, termed low flow, is characterised by inadequate venous outflow, leading to a hypoxic painful prolonged erection. The etiology is either idiopathic or related to intracorporeal injection therapy. Treatment consists of aspiration and instillation of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent, or surgery, depending on the degree of hypoxia. The less common subtype, high flow, is arteriogenic, and causes less pain and no ischemia. Injury to a cavernous artery leads to a fistula between the artery and the corpora cavernosa. Treatment is either conservative with immediate ice pack and compression, or delayed selective embolization of the fistula.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Endoscopic techniques in the treatment of calculi in the upper urinary tract].

There is no single method for treating all urinary calculi. Because of the non-invasive nature of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy this method has been embraced by patients and doctors alike. However, some 15-20% of the patients require more invasive methods like percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopy to get rid of their stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is best employed for large stones (> 2.5 cm diameter), staghorn calculi, renal anatomic abnormalities and hard stones and in patients whose anatomy precludes the use of lithotriptor. With the advent of ureteroscopes of much smaller diameter, endourologic intervention has become a steadily safer and more effective means of treating stones in the ureter. With ureteroscopic techniques success rates up to 97% have been reported. A large number of stones have to be fragmented before retrieval. Both ultrasonic and electrohydraulic lithotripsy have been available since the introduction of ureteroscopic techniques. The devices, however, are limited by their size (in the case of ultrasound) and for safety reasons (in the case of electrohydraulic lithotripsy). Laser lithotripsy has received attention as an alternative method of fragmentation which also can be applied with flexible ureteroscopes.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1995

Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exacerbated by inhalation of cold air.

This double-blind placebo-crossover study examined the effect of nedocromil sodium, 4 mg aerosol 30 min before challenge, on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in cold air conditions. Twenty-one asthmatic patients (15-28 years), with methacholine PC20 < or = 8 mg/ml in the absence of significant allergen exposure, were randomized to active and placebo therapy on separate study days. Pulmonary function, measured up to 20 min after exercise, showed significantly less deterioration with nedocromil sodium, which effectively halved the maximum percentage decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second. EIB was increased by cold air, whereas an ancillary study in 15 healthy volunteers (18-19 years) showed no such effects. We conclude that prior inhalation of nedocromil sodium diminished cold air-exacerbated EIB in young adult asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Genetic disease in general practice. An interview study among general practitioners in Oppland and Oslo].

We interviewed 51 Norwegian general practitioners selected at random about their knowledge and practice of medical genetics. Of these doctors, 29 worked in Oslo and 22 in Oppland county. About 90% of the doctors working in Oslo knew where to refer patients for genetic counselling, while 55% of the doctors working in the area outside Oslo had this knowledge. We believe that this difference is because Oslo has a municipal genetic clinic and is the only area in Norway with an adequate genetic counselling service according to WHO standards. This article presents the results from this survey, and discusses genetic diseases in general practice and the organisation of medical genetic services in Norway.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1988

Synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors in patient receiving estrogen therapy.

The present report concerns the occurrence of bilateral synchronous germ cell tumors in a sixty-eight-year-old man who received estrogen therapy for eleven months. Although there are previous reports on Leydig cell tumors developing in mice and man receiving estrogens, we have not found any connection between germ cell tumors and estrogen medication reported in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

IgM and IgG response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in normal individuals and individuals splenectomized due to trauma.

Twenty-one young, splenectomized, healthy individuals (S group) and ten healthy individuals (K group) were vaccinated with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All individuals in the S group were splenectomized due to abdominal trauma. IgM and IgG antibodies against each of the 14 pneumococcal serotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum concentrations of IgM and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion. The mean prevaccination IgM pneumococcal antibody level was lower in the S group than in the K group for most of the serotypes. The mean total serum IgM was considerably reduced in the S group. Vaccination induced a significant IgM pneumococcal antibody response in both groups, but the response tended to be smaller in the S than in the K group. These findings may appear compatible with suboptimal immune regulation in the splenectomized individuals. There were small variations between the total serum IgG and the prevaccination IgG pneumococcal antibody level in the two groups. Both groups obtained a significant IgG pneumococcal antibody response after vaccination to most of the serotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Retroperitoneal fibrosis. A follow-up study.

13 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) were reviewed. 10 patients had idiopathic disease and in 3 patients the disease was secondary to temporal arteritis, aortic aneurysm and ergotamine ingestion. Ureterolysis was performed in all patients. 4 patients were reoperated due to problems arising from RPF progression. A total of 24 ureters were lysed. 23 of these functioned in the early postoperative period. 22 ureters were available for follow-up 4 months to 20 years later. 19 kidneys had a free outflow, 2 kidneys were removed and 1 left in situ without function. A review is presented on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. Percutaneous nephrostomy is recommended when the patient presents with severely elevated plasma creatinine, pyonephrosis or urosepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Modulation by macrophages of lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and semiallogeneic cells.

To investigate the effect of macrophages on rat lymphocyte activation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and semiallogeneic cells (uniderectional MLR), increasing concentrations of peritoneal cells (PC) were added to cultures of lymph node lymphocytes. Lymph node cell preparations contained 2-4% esterase positive cells (macrophages/monocytes). Any additional PC seemed only to inhibit MLR, whereas optimal responses of PHA and Con A stimulated cultures occurred when 1-2% abd 3-7% PC respectively were added. Ten percent PC markedly inhibited the response of both PHA and Con A stimulated cultures when added for the last 24 h of incubation. Inhibitory cells were shown to belong to the glass-wool adherent population of PC.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Freezing of rat lymphocytes. V. The effect of suppressor cells in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cell cultures before and after freeze-thawing.

Spleen lymphocyte proliferation, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), was increased after freeze-thawing with 10% dimethyl sulphoxide. Depletion or intoxication of macrophages in fresh spleen cell preparations also increased lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA. On the other hand, freezing of macrophage-depleted spleen cell suspensions lowered 3H-thymidine uptake of stimulated cultures. At concntrations above 3%, macrophages added to cultures of fresh purified lymphocytes showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the PHA response, and fresh macrophages were more inhibitory than frozen-thawed macrophages. Purified lymphocytes mixed with 10% macrophages showed a higher response after freeze-thawing. It is concluded that macrophages suppress the lymphoproliferative response to PHA in rat spleen cell cultures, and that these macrophages are more sensitive than lymphocytes to the present freeze-thaw process.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Freezing of rat lymphocytes. IV. In vitro and in vivo responses of T-cells.

Rat lymph node lymphocytes have been frozen-thawed with 10% dimethyl sulphoxide as cryoprotectant. The present study shows that these cells respond well in T-cell functional assays, such as stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, as responder cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and in the local graft-versus-host assay. The magnitude of the responses obtained with frozen-thawed cells was some 70-80% of corresponding fresh cells.

Animals↗