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Biomedical subjects

E Hem

Publications and source records attributed to E Hem.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Multiple benign sarcoid of the skin--100 years since Caesar Boeck's pioneering article].

In December 1899, Professor Caesar Boeck (1845-1917) in Kristiania (now Oslo) published his pioneering article on "Multiple benign sarkoid of the skin". At the time, Boeck's sarcoid was a dermatological curiosity, but in his latest work in 1916, Boeck recognised the generalised character of the disease. Today, 100 years later, sarcoidosis is still an enigmatic disease. Caesar Boeck was a hard-working clinician and histologist, the founder of modern dermatovenerology in Norway. This article gives an account of Caesar Boeck's family background, his scientific career and his personality.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1999

[Neurosyphilis--still a relevant differential diagnosis].

Syphilis, in all stages, is almost eradicated in Norway. Since 1993, only six to 17 patients have been registered per year. However, syphilis rates are increasing in some of Norway's neighbouring countries, e.g. Russia and the Baltic countries. Physicians must be aware of the disease. We report three patients admitted to an emergency psychiatric ward in Oslo, diagnosed with neurosyphilis during 1994-97. Doctor's delay in diagnosing was respectively seven and fifteen months for two of these patients. The diagnosis is difficult, for many reasons: The disease is rare; it can mimic several other diseases; incidental partial treatment with antibiotics given for other disorders may complicate the clinical picture; it may be difficult to obtain a reliable history; and new clinical pictures ("formes frustes") may occur. The traditional syphilis screening is not recommendable, but physicians' awareness and a low threshold for requiring syphilis serology tests is important in order to get an early diagnosis of one of the few curable psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The first cesarean section in Norway].

The first reported caesarean section in Norway was performed on 20 August 1843 by a general practitioner, Lars Thalian Backer (1812-84). The operation took place in Lardal, Vestfold County, on a 27 year old woman who had been in labour for six days. The outcome was disastrous; she was delivered of stillborn twins and died 2 1/2 days after the operation. In the 19th century, infection, bleeding and thromboembolic disease made caesarean section a dangerous operation, and only 26 such operations are known in Norway, most of them performed outside hospitals. The first caesarean section in Norway resulting in a living child was performed in 1849, but no mother survived the operation before 1890. We recapitulate the caesarean section of 1843; Dr Backer and his qualifications for operative obstetrics; and the state of instrumental and surgical obstetrics in Norway at that time.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1998

[The introduction of obstetric forceps in Norway--a 250-year anniversary].

Johan Gottfried Erichsen (1713-68), born in Germany and chief medical officer in Bergen from 1747, was probably the first to perform a forceps delivery in Norway, on 14 February 1748. The mother, who had been in labour for five days, survived; the child, however, did not. The obstetric forceps had been a secret in the Chamberlen family and had become more widely known only a few decades earlier. Erichsen, who was the first man-midwife in Norway, had learned obstetrics in Paris by the younger Grégoire. He mastered both the techniques of internal version and forceps delivery. This article describes Erichsen's medical and obstetric background and his qualifications for operative obstetrics. He worked in the period when the obstetric forceps changed obstetrics, birth delivery became an arena also for men, and a part of medicine. Obstetrics was established as a science and physicians had a tool whereby also children could be saved during complicated delivery.

Female↗
PubMed1998

["An appropriate forceps"--150-year anniversary of Simpson's forceps].

Despite the increasing use of caesarean section and vacuum extraction, obstetric forceps is still in frequent use in obstetric wards. There has, in fact, been an increase due to more active management of births. More than 600 obstetric forceps have been described in detail, but only three of them are in use in Norway today: Simpson's and Kielland's forceps for vertex presentation and Piper's forceps for aftercoming head in breech presentation. This year it is 150 years since James Young Simpson (1811-70) of Edinburgh presented his forceps for the first time. Simpson's forceps has been the most widely used forceps in Norway over the last 120 years. This article describes James Young Simpson, his long forceps, and its use in Norwegian obstetrics.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[Venous thromboembolism in connection with physical restraint].

A 29-year old man was admitted to an emergency psychiatric ward because of exacerbation of a chronic paranoid schizophrenia. He was restrained after arrival, and seven days later a deep venous thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism were diagnosed. No haematological predisposing factors (coagulation inhibitor deficiency, activated protein C resistance, or antiphospholipid antibodies) were identified, except for a questionable borderline increase of the fibrinolysis inhibitor PAI-1, and combined type II hyperlipidaemia. During the last 15-20 years, there has been a considerable reduction in the use of restraint and seclusion in Norway. The use of seclusion and restraint may be effective in preventing injury and reducing agitation, but these procedures may also have harmful physical, and in particular psychological side-effects. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate an association between venous thromboembolism and physical restraint. Immobilisation is a well-known risk factor for thrombophlebitis, and special attention should be paid to this problem on psychiatric wards. However, until more is known about thrombosis in relation to restraint, it is not advisable to recommend prophylactic treatment of thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Priapism. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

Priapism is a condition of prolonged penile erection which often causes pain and is unrelated to sexual desire. There is a high risk of impotence despite immediate intervention. The incidence has doubled since the introduction of intracorporeal injection therapy for impotence. Two subtypes of priapism have been described, depending on the underlying cause. The more common type, termed low flow, is characterised by inadequate venous outflow, leading to a hypoxic painful prolonged erection. The etiology is either idiopathic or related to intracorporeal injection therapy. Treatment consists of aspiration and instillation of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent, or surgery, depending on the degree of hypoxia. The less common subtype, high flow, is arteriogenic, and causes less pain and no ischemia. Injury to a cavernous artery leads to a fistula between the artery and the corpora cavernosa. Treatment is either conservative with immediate ice pack and compression, or delayed selective embolization of the fistula.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Endoscopic techniques in the treatment of calculi in the upper urinary tract].

There is no single method for treating all urinary calculi. Because of the non-invasive nature of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy this method has been embraced by patients and doctors alike. However, some 15-20% of the patients require more invasive methods like percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopy to get rid of their stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is best employed for large stones (> 2.5 cm diameter), staghorn calculi, renal anatomic abnormalities and hard stones and in patients whose anatomy precludes the use of lithotriptor. With the advent of ureteroscopes of much smaller diameter, endourologic intervention has become a steadily safer and more effective means of treating stones in the ureter. With ureteroscopic techniques success rates up to 97% have been reported. A large number of stones have to be fragmented before retrieval. Both ultrasonic and electrohydraulic lithotripsy have been available since the introduction of ureteroscopic techniques. The devices, however, are limited by their size (in the case of ultrasound) and for safety reasons (in the case of electrohydraulic lithotripsy). Laser lithotripsy has received attention as an alternative method of fragmentation which also can be applied with flexible ureteroscopes.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1995

Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exacerbated by inhalation of cold air.

This double-blind placebo-crossover study examined the effect of nedocromil sodium, 4 mg aerosol 30 min before challenge, on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in cold air conditions. Twenty-one asthmatic patients (15-28 years), with methacholine PC20 < or = 8 mg/ml in the absence of significant allergen exposure, were randomized to active and placebo therapy on separate study days. Pulmonary function, measured up to 20 min after exercise, showed significantly less deterioration with nedocromil sodium, which effectively halved the maximum percentage decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second. EIB was increased by cold air, whereas an ancillary study in 15 healthy volunteers (18-19 years) showed no such effects. We conclude that prior inhalation of nedocromil sodium diminished cold air-exacerbated EIB in young adult asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Genetic disease in general practice. An interview study among general practitioners in Oppland and Oslo].

We interviewed 51 Norwegian general practitioners selected at random about their knowledge and practice of medical genetics. Of these doctors, 29 worked in Oslo and 22 in Oppland county. About 90% of the doctors working in Oslo knew where to refer patients for genetic counselling, while 55% of the doctors working in the area outside Oslo had this knowledge. We believe that this difference is because Oslo has a municipal genetic clinic and is the only area in Norway with an adequate genetic counselling service according to WHO standards. This article presents the results from this survey, and discusses genetic diseases in general practice and the organisation of medical genetic services in Norway.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1988

Synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors in patient receiving estrogen therapy.

The present report concerns the occurrence of bilateral synchronous germ cell tumors in a sixty-eight-year-old man who received estrogen therapy for eleven months. Although there are previous reports on Leydig cell tumors developing in mice and man receiving estrogens, we have not found any connection between germ cell tumors and estrogen medication reported in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

IgM and IgG response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in normal individuals and individuals splenectomized due to trauma.

Twenty-one young, splenectomized, healthy individuals (S group) and ten healthy individuals (K group) were vaccinated with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All individuals in the S group were splenectomized due to abdominal trauma. IgM and IgG antibodies against each of the 14 pneumococcal serotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum concentrations of IgM and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion. The mean prevaccination IgM pneumococcal antibody level was lower in the S group than in the K group for most of the serotypes. The mean total serum IgM was considerably reduced in the S group. Vaccination induced a significant IgM pneumococcal antibody response in both groups, but the response tended to be smaller in the S than in the K group. These findings may appear compatible with suboptimal immune regulation in the splenectomized individuals. There were small variations between the total serum IgG and the prevaccination IgG pneumococcal antibody level in the two groups. Both groups obtained a significant IgG pneumococcal antibody response after vaccination to most of the serotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Retroperitoneal fibrosis. A follow-up study.

13 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) were reviewed. 10 patients had idiopathic disease and in 3 patients the disease was secondary to temporal arteritis, aortic aneurysm and ergotamine ingestion. Ureterolysis was performed in all patients. 4 patients were reoperated due to problems arising from RPF progression. A total of 24 ureters were lysed. 23 of these functioned in the early postoperative period. 22 ureters were available for follow-up 4 months to 20 years later. 19 kidneys had a free outflow, 2 kidneys were removed and 1 left in situ without function. A review is presented on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. Percutaneous nephrostomy is recommended when the patient presents with severely elevated plasma creatinine, pyonephrosis or urosepsis.

Adult↗