[Cerebral stroke: problems and solutions].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
E I Gusev
Publications and source records attributed to E I Gusev.
The chemokine receptor CCR5 deletion mutation is associated with MS in HLA-DR4-positive Russians.
The authors studied the possible association between the presence of a 32-base pair deletion allele in CC chemokine receptor 5 gene [3p21] (CCR5 Delta 32 allele) and the occurrence of MS. The presence of CCR5 Delta 32 homozygotes among patients with MS indicates that the absence of CCR5 did not protect against MS. Moreover, the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation was associated with MS in HLA-DR4-positive Russians (p(corr) < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 25.0). The (CCR5 Delta 32,DR4)-positive phenotype was negatively associated with early MS onset (at ages < or = 18 years) (p = 0.0115, OR = 0.1).
Adult↗
Association and linkage of juvenile MS with HLA-DR2(15) in Russians.
The aim of this study was to determine the role of the HLA-DRB1 gene [6p21] in susceptibility to juvenile MS (JMS) (age at onset < or =15 years) of children of Russian descent. Association of DR2(15) with JMS has been found by the comparison of patients with JMS with both unrelated and affected family-based healthy controls. The linkage of DR2(15) with JMS was shown by transmission disequilibrium test. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of DRB1 alleles and genotypes between 56 patients with JMS and 234 patients with MS with age at onset > or =16 years.
Adolescent↗
Impaired production of plasma interleukin-6 in patients with Parkinson's disease.
The contents of interleukin-6 in the plasma from patients with Parkinson's disease and endogenous depression were compared by enzyme immunoassay. Interleukin-6 content in the plasma increased in the early stage of idiopathic parkinsonism complicated by depressive syndrome. A correlation was found between interleukin-6 content and changes in higher mental activity estimated by neuropsychological tests.
Adult↗
[Differential diagnostic criteria of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis].
Differential diagnostic criteria of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) and lateral amyotrophic sclerosis syndrome were elaborated on the basis of complex investigation, including EMG and blood plasma trace element analysis. Fifty-two patients (25 with LAS, 27 with LAS syndrome) have been examined, the diagnoses being established according to the World Neurologist Federation criteria. LAS syndrome was stipulated by a vascular spinal cord lesion-discircular myelopathy; in some cases vascular deficit was combined with an inherent narrowness of spinal cord channel. All patients were followed-up with a 6-month interval. The results of the study allow to differentiate LAS and LAS syndrome of vascular genesis, already during the first medical examination.
Aged↗
[Betaserc in symptomatic therapy of multiple sclerosis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Spatial organization of bioelectrical brain activity in epilepsy and amenorrhea of central genesis].
The study aimed at modification of co-herent analysis (CA), as a mathematical method for EEG data processing for objective evaluation of bioelectric brain activity spatial organization in women with epilepsy and secondary amenorrhea of central genesis. One hundred sixty one women (30 with epilepsy, 116 with amenorrhea and 115 controls aged 15 to 41 years) have been examined. Characteristic changes of cortico-cortical inter- and intra-hemisphere relations for patients with catamenial (CTM) and noncatamenial (NCTM) epilepsy in different menstrual cycle terms were found. The most distinct changes were detected in theta-activity analysis. In the beginning of menstrual cycle, the patients with CTM epilepsy exhibited higher CA indices in theta-rhythm range in all right hemisphere pairs studied. On the contrary, patients with NCTM epilepsy exhibited lower CA indices mainly in the right brain hemisphere. alpha-rhythm spatial organization analysis in the same patients showed similar correlations, but they were better expressed in alpha-rhythm generation zone: in the beginning of menstrual cycle CA indices were high in patients with CTM epilepsy and low in those with NCTM epilepsy. Comparing to controls, patients with secondary amenorrhea of central genesis showed most distinct changes in theta-activity towards the CA indices increase in the majority of the leads. In patients with epilepsy and amenorrhea, CA indices of right brain hemisphere and intra-central temporal lead pairs were lower than in patients with amenorrhea without epilepsy by both alpha- and theta-rhythms.
Adolescent↗
[Eprosartan mesylate in controlling of blood pressure in patients with ischemic stroke].
In 20 patients with ischemic stroke and moderate or severe arterial hypertension the effectiveness of eprosartan mesilat (Teveten, Solway Farma, Germany) for a period of 6 months was studied. Patients received 600 mg of eprosartan mesilat daily and in 4 cases hydrochlortyaside was also added. Monotherapy with eprosartan mesilat was effective in all patients with moderate arterial hypertension and in 43.6% in patients with severe arterial hypertension. Therapy with eprosartan mesilat was associated with significant hypotensive effect (more evident in patients with high systolic blood pressure), improvement in 24-hour blood pressure profile and quality of life, and lower probability of secondary stroke. Side effects were not observed.
Aged↗
[Catecholamine metabolism in different forms of Parkinson's disease].
Catecholamine metabolism was evaluated by daily urine excretion in patients with Parkinson's disease of tremor (18 patients) and rigid (14 patients) types. The group included 16 untreated patients. According to urine analysis, most informative peripheral markers for dopamine metabolism proved to be DOPA excretion, 3,4-dioxyphenylacidic acid (DOPAA) level and DOPA/DOPAA ratio. In the initial disease stage, a marked decrease of free dopamine and noradrenaline as well as dopamine metabolism intensification with corresponding DOPA/DOPAA ratio decrease were found. Significantly lower DOPAA and DOPA excretion was detected in patients with predominance of akinesia and rigidity types compared to tremor ones. In contrast to untreated patients, those treated with drugs containing dopamine revealed correlations between daily urine DOPA excretion as well as DOPA/DOPAA ratio with neurological symptoms severity.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
[Epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis in Russia].
An increase in multiple sclerosis (MS) frequency was registered in several countries including Russia. This may be associated with better MS diagnosis and treatment, better data collection and real increase in MS incidence. Previous local studies sometimes were based on mainly hospital cases, so the real prevalence was underestimated. Several population-based studies showed that Russia is in the zone of medium MS risk. In 1999-2000, 24 local medical committees collected the "official" data on the number of resident MS patients, which varied greatly. Statistical analyses showed a significant negative association (R = -0.68) between estimated level of MS prevalence and the percent of severe cases among these MS patients. It is proposed that in several regions the number of mild MS cases had been underestimated and thus the percent of severe cases was high. Using the rates, received in large population-based studies in different countries, we re-calculated the data using the 33% rate of severe MS cases as a model. The calculated "model" indexes using "official" data in two Russian cities Moscow and Orel (40.8 and 64.8 cases per 100,000 of population) were very close to what had been found in these populations in population-based epidemiological studies (37.8 and 66.1 cases, respectively). Recalculation of the "official" data from all 24 regions showed, that the "model" MS prevalence in different regions of Russia varied from 35 till 70 cases per 100,000 of population, which seems real taking into consideration the geographical factor and the ethnic origin of these populations (percents of European residents). These "model" numbers may be used before the already started all-over-country epidemiological study will be finished.
Humans↗
[Mechanisms of glatiramer acetate action in demyelinating diseases: antigen-specific, organ-specific or process-specific treatment].
Use of the "disease modifying" medicines is a significant success in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. These ways of MS treatment were scientificantly based and proved in large well-designed randomized studies, while direct mechanisms of their action is still under investigation. This review is discussing the mechanisms of action of glutiramer acetate (GA)--one of these medicines, modifying MS course. Its positive clinical effects in relapsing-remitting MS were shown in large clinical studies, confirmed by MRI and supported by extension trials. Immunomodulative effects of GA in MS and its experimental model (EAE) may be associated with induction of GA-specific cells clone, which have several positive for MS features, for example producing anti-inflammatory Th2-cytokines. Other characteristics of these cell clones should be studied further.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[Results of open post-registration clinical trials of copaxone in patients with multiple sclerosis].
Results of the 2-year open postregistration study of Copaxone (glatiramer acetate), conducted in 3 Moscow leading medical centres are given. 32 MS patients with remitting-relapsing MS were investigated in accordance with international requirements (neurological scales, MRI of the brain, multimodal evoked potential). Significant reduction of annual relapse rate for 70.3%, stabilization of neurological status and benign safety profile were demonstrated during Copaxone treatment. Practical recommendations for Copaxone use are given.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[Beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis: comparative trials and potential individual selection in different types of the disease course].
Beta-interferons (beta-IFN) are effective treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent comparative studies showed significantly higher efficacy of high doses of beta-IFN used every other day. In secondary progressive MS data of beta-IFN trials are not so promising. This may be due to mechanisms of action of this medicine: it can effectively block neurodegeneration associated with inflammation, while in secondary progressive MS other mechanisms of degeneration may be present. Own original studies showed, that the level of MMP9 in serum can be used as an informative biological marker of beta-IFN activity in MS, this treatment could be more effective in DR2(15)-positive individuals and the presence of severe brain atrophy at baseline MRI can be used as a predictor of less effective results of treatment with beta-IFN. Future studies must define the methods, which may be used for selecting the subgroup of MS patients with the best response to beta-IFN. Data of pharmacogenetic and pharmacoeconomic studies must be helpful.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Catalytic heterogeneity of polyclonal DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies from the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Various catalytic antibodies or abzymes have been detected recently in the sera of patients with several autoimmune pathologies, where their presence is most probably associated with autoimmunization. Recently we have shown that DNase activity is associated with IgGs from the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but not with those from the sera of normal humans. Here we present evidence showing that MS IgG, its F(ab) fragments, and separated L-chains catalyze DNA hydrolysis. The properties of the DNase activity of these polyclonal IgGs distinguish them from other known human DNases. In addition, their specific activities with different oligonucleotide substrates and the range of optimal pHs, apparent K(M) values and substrate specificities varied widely for different patients. The findings speak in favor of the generation by the immune systems of individual patients of a variety of polyclonal catalytic IgG pools, from relatively small to extremely large ones.
Antibodies, Catalytic↗
[Neuropsychological deficit in chronic heroin abusers].
Neurological consequences of chronic heroin exposure are poorly known. 38 male patients with current heroin abuse or dependence were examined in withdrawal period that lasted more than 10 days, and were compared with 19 healthy controls. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), "Delayed Alternation" Test (DAT), "Tower of London" Test (TLT), Russian version of WAIS (1995) were used. Patients were medicated and medication status was evaluated by psychomotor speed level. Patients with the duration of daily heroin abuse more than 1.5 years performed significantly less effectively TLT solutions as compared with the healthy controls (after Bonferroni correction, p = 0001). Patients with shorter duration of daily heroin abuse had a trend to perform TLT solutions poorer as compared to healthy controls and better than group with longer duration (after Bonferroni correction, p = 0.07 and 0.08). Three groups did not differ by WCST and DAT significantly, and general intelligence was in normal range in three groups. Multiple regression analysis confirmed significant influence of daily heroin abuse duration on TLT performance efficiency in our population (beta = -0.426, p < 0.05) without effect of age, education, IQ, dosage of heroin per day, withdrawal duration and current medication status (psychomotor speed level). Perseverative responses on DAT were significantly related to daily heroin dosages before treatment (beta = 0.405, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the withdrawal duration. These data give grounds to suppose, that chronic heroin exposure impairs planning functions of prefrontal cortex (TLT), that can be explained by cumulative neuronal damages of prefrontal cortex and VTA dopamine neurons. That was demonstrated in experimental and morphological studies of opiate addicts who died after opiate overdose. Large doses of heroin can induce more extensive functional impairment with possible involvement of orbit frontal cortex. The latter deficit may be partially reversible during short-term withdrawal.
Adult↗
[Features of neurotransmitter pool in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epilepsy].
The paper deals with the state of neurotransmitter pool in cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic patients. There were significant peculiarities of the dynamics of both excitatory (glutamate, aspartate) and inhibitory (GABA, glycine, taurine) neurotransmitters in respect of the severity of the pathologic process, frequency and type of convulsive seizures. The correlation found between a degree of the disease severity and a level of glutamate in cerebrospinal fluid after the seizures and between them could be a criterion for the prognosis of epilepsy.
Adult↗
[Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy in elderly patients].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
[Epilepsy: epidemiology and social aspects].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗