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Biomedical subjects

E Isolauri

Publications and source records attributed to E Isolauri.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Adhesion of Bifidobacterium spp. to human intestinal mucus.

Twenty-four Bifidobacterium strains were examined for their ability to bind to immobilized human and bovine intestinal mucus glycoproteins. Each of the tested bacteria exhibited its characteristic adhesion to human and bovine fecal mucus. No significant differences were found among the taxonomic species. Among the tested bacteria, B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. infantis, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum adhered to human fecal mucus better than bovine fecal mucus, while the binding of B. animalis and B. lactis was not preferential. These results suggest that the mucosal adhesive properties of bifidobacteria may be a strain dependent feature, and the mucosal binding of the human bifidobacteria may be more host specific.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease.

We assessed the fecal microflora of 10 healthy infants and 27 infants with atopic eczema during breast-feeding and after weaning. The atopic infants had less frequently Gram-positive species among the most predominant aerobes and smaller total cell counts. Further differences were associated with more extensive manifestations, seen as higher bacteroides and lower bifidobacteria counts. Weaning resulted in decreased bacteroides counts in atopic and total cell counts in healthy infants and diminished predominance by bifidobacteria in both. In conclusion, the most prominent question raised by these data is whether Gram-positive bacteria may have distinctive importance in protection against atopic sensitization. Further studies aiming to answer this question are warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of mucosal adhesion and species identification of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy and allergic infants.

Fifty bifidobacteria strains were isolated from fecal samples of allergic and age matched healthy infants. Allergic infants were found to have an adult type Bifidobacterium flora with high levels of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Healthy infants had a typical infant Bifidobacterium flora with high levels of Bifidobacterium bifidum. These isolates were tested for their adhesive properties to human intestinal mucus. The adhesion of the fecal bifidobacteria from healthy infants was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than for allergic infants. This suggests a correlation between allergic disease and the composition of the intestinal bifidobacteria flora which has reduced adhesive abilities to the intestinal mucus. Therefore, dietary supplementation of bifidobacteria typical for healthy infants, may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2001

Differences in the gut bacterial flora of healthy and milk-hypersensitive adults, as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

We enumerated the predominant gut genera from fecal samples of nine healthy and eight milk-hypersensitive adults both before and after 4 weeks Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation. The anaerobic intestinal microflora of milk-hypersensitive adults was found to resemble that of healthy adults. LGG-consumption resulted in a significant increase in the number of bifidobacteria in healthy but not in milk-hypersensitive subjects, as well as a general increase in bacterial numbers in all other bacterial genera tested in both groups. In conclusion, the composition of the gut microbiota in milk-hypersensitive adults appears to be normal. LGG may have potential in reinforcing the endogenous flora.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Adherence of probiotic bacteria to human intestinal mucus in healthy infants and during rotavirus infection.

The concentration of fecal mucin and the adhesion of specific probiotics and their combinations in the intestinal mucus of infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and in healthy children were determined. Mucus was prepared from fecal samples from 20 infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and from 10 healthy age-matched children. Mucin concentration was determined, and the adhesion of five probiotics-Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus paracasei F19, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12-and their combinations was tested in vitro. The mean concentrations of fecal mucin during and after rotavirus diarrhea, 15.2 and 14.1 mg/g, were comparable to that in healthy children, 14.9 mg/g. The adherence of probiotics ranged from 1 to 34% in healthy subjects as indicated for the following strains: L. rhamnosus GG, 34%; B. lactis Bb12, 31%; L. acidophilus LA5, 4%; L. paracasei F19, 3%; and L. casei Shirota, 1% (P = 0.0001). The distinctive pattern of probiotic adherence was not influenced by rotavirus diarrhea. The adhesion of Bb12 in the presence of GG increased from 31 to 39% in healthy infants (P = 0.018) and in episodes of diarrhea increased from 26 to 44% (P = 0.001). Rotavirus diarrhea does not decrease the production of fecal mucin or with respect to the adhesion of probiotic bacteria tested in vitro. Combination of specific probiotic strains may enhance adherence in a synergistic manner. Optimal clinical application of these interactions may offer novel therapeutic guidelines for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2001

Extent of fussing and colic type crying preceding atopic disease.

In a prospective follow up of 116 high risk infants, a 24 hour behavioural chart on seven consecutive days was analysed at seven and 12 weeks of age. Of children who manifested atopic disease at 2 years, 44/116 (38%), had shown significantly more fussing during the seventh, and colic type cry during the twelfth week than those who remained healthy (72/116, 62%).

Colic↗
PubMed2001

Do combined elimination diet and prolonged breastfeeding of an atopic infant jeopardise maternal bone health?

BACKGROUND: Prolonged breastfeeding, and intervention in the maternal diet during breastfeeding, have been suggested as a means to treat atopic symptoms of infants. The impact of these actions on the mother's skeletal health has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine factors that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid fatty acid profile in mothers of atopic infants. METHODS: BMD at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and dominant distal radius of 24 mothers of atopic infants (study group) and 25 mothers of healthy infants (control group) were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry postpartum after the resumption of menses. In addition, the fatty acid profile of their serum cholesteryl esters was determined. RESULTS: A systematic trend for 4-6% lower BMD was observed in the study group, but this difference was mainly attributable to a difference in body weight between the groups. In addition, the omega (omega)-3 fatty acid metabolite EPA showed a positive association with femoral neck BMD. Mothers of atopic infants had a significantly lower proportion of omega-6 fatty acid parent LA and a higher proportion of omega-6 fatty acid metabolite GLA than the control mothers. These differences were associated not only with dietary factors but also with the duration of postpartum amenorrhea and total lactation. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the breastfeeding nor the mother's short-term elimination diet per se seemed to be associated with low BMD in the mothers of atopic infants. Thus, if an elimination diet benefits the infant, it can be recommended for a limited period. However, it may be advisable to give special dietary counselling, especially to low body weight mothers, in order to ensure adequate nutrient intake and to minimize the possible risk of potential bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Concerns and expectations of parents with atopic infants.

The incidence of atopic diseases has rapidly increased in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the problems that parents experience when atopic disease occurs in their children at an early age and what parents expect and get from health care professionals in the management of these problems. The parents of 81 high-risk atopic infants completed a questionnaire during the infant's first attendance at the Tampere University Hospital, Finland. The patients were treated by an intervention team comprising a pediatric nurse and two pediatricians consulting with dietician and a dermatologist to detect the infant's specific food allergies and to introduce and advise on appropriate diets at weaning. After a 9-month intervention period, the parents' perception of the intervention was evaluated by a second questionnaire. The skin prick test was positive to cow's milk in 30%, to egg in 26%, and to cereals in 19%, of infants during breast-feeding. Double-blind placebo-controlled cow's milk challenge was positive in 56% of infants. Upon introduction of a tolerated weaning diet, subjective symptoms and the extent and intensity of atopic eczema diminished as evidenced by lowered SCORAD scores, from 19.3 to 8.2 (F= 57.6, p < 0.0001; SCORAD scoring index combining extent, severity and subjective symptoms of atopic eczema). Ninety per cent of parents found the care of an atopic infant more demanding than that of a healthy child. This was because of the persistence of symptoms, such as atopic eczema and pruritus, and restlessness during sleep. For the management of these problems the parents advocated diagnostic evaluation and elimination of specific foods from the diet of the lactating mother. They expected from the intervention accurate diagnosis of food allergies, practical advice on elimination diets, alleviation of symptoms, and follow-up of growth and nutrition, and they considered the care provided by the intervention team to suffice in these aims. The present data support a comprehensive team approach to the care of atopic infants and their parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Maternal diet rich in saturated fat during breastfeeding is associated with atopic sensitization of the infant.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of maternal diet during breastfeeding on atopic sensitization of infants at risk. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Altogether 114 infants with a family history of atopic disease were followed during their first year of life. The mothers completed a 4 day food record during breastfeeding just before the infants were 3 months old. Atopic sensitization of the infants was determined by a positive skin prick test result at 12 months. RESULTS: Positive skin prick test reactivity to at least one antigen was detected in 27/114 (24%) infants at 12 months. The energy intake of the mothers was low, mean 8.0 MJ/day (95% CI 7.7-8. 3), and the proportion of energy derived from fat was high, mean 36. 6 E% (95% CI 35.6-37.6). Atopic mothers had a higher intake of total fat and saturated fat and a lower intake of carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy intake than non-atopic mothers; P=0.017, P=0.050, P=0.004 respectively. Maternal intake of saturated fat during breastfeeding was associated with atopic sensitization of the infant, OR=1.16 (95% CI 1.001-1.36); P=0.048 irrespective of the maternal atopic status. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that an unbalanced maternal diet during breastfeeding may be a risk factor underlying the later development of atopic sensitization of the infant regardless of maternal atopic disease. The observation thus extends findings implying that early nutrition programmes the subsequent health of the child to the risk of developing atopic disease. SPONSORSHIP: Academy of Finland and National Technology Agency.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

Late onset reactions to oral food challenge are linked to low serum interleukin-10 concentrations in patients with atopic dermatitis and food allergy.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant cytokine production in vitro has been associated with atopic disease. No study has as yet been made of the circulating cytokine profiles in atopic patients with food allergy in response to oral allergen challenge. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of oral allergen challenge on the serum cytokine concentrations in patients with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. METHODS: Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor beta 1, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were measured before and after double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) (n = 73). Before DBPCFC, combined skin prick and patch testing was performed for cow milk, egg, soybean and cereals, and production of IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was determined in supernatants of cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by cow milk. RESULTS: The oral food challenge triggered immediate onset exanthematous reactions in 22 cases and late onset eczematous reactions in 29. The late-reacting cases had more positive skin patch test and negative skin prick test reactivities with allergenic food, and they had lower serum IL10 concentrations than immediate-reacting cases. In challenge-positive cases, IL-10 concentrations increased from 2.9 (0.1-5.04) pg/mL to 3. 9 (1.2-8.3) pg/mL in response to DBPCFC, P = 0.05, median (interquartile ranges), but not in those tolerant to cow milk. PBMCs of patients with cow milk allergy but not of those tolerant to cow milk generated TNFalpha in response to cow milk in vitro. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that oral allergen challenge in atopic patients with food allergy triggers systemic release of IL-10. Patients with late onset reactions were found to have lower serum IL-10 concentrations than their immediate-reacting counterparts. Considering that IL-10 is an inhibitory cytokine of delayed-type hypersensitivity, low IL-10 in late-reacting patients may explain the high frequency of their positive skin patch tests combined with negative skin prick tests.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema.

BACKGROUND: Over the last two decades the incidence of allergic diseases has increased in industrialized countries, and consequently new approaches have to be explored. OBJECTIVE: The potential of probiotics to control allergic inflammation at an early age was assessed in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. METHODS: A total of 27 infants, mean age 4.6 months, who manifested atopic eczema during exclusive breast-feeding and who have had no exposure to any infant or substitute formula were weaned to probiotic-supplemented, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103), extensively hydrolysed whey formulas or to the same formula without probiotics. The extent and severity of atopic eczema, the growth and nutrition of infants, and concentrations of circulating cytokines/chemokines and soluble cell surface adhesion molecules in serum and methyl-histamine and eosinophilic protein X in urine were determined. RESULTS: The SCORAD score reflecting the extent and severity of atopic eczema was 16 (7-25) during breast-feeding, median (interquartile range). After 2 months, a significant improvement in skin condition occurred in patients given probiotic-supplemented formulas, as compared to the unsupplemented group; chi(2) = 12.27, P = 0.002. SCORAD decreased in the Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 group to 0 (0-3.8), and in the Lactobacillus GG group to 1 (0.1-8.7), vs unsupplemented 13.4 (4.5-18.2), median (interquartile range), in parallel with a reduction in the concentration of soluble CD4 in serum and eosinophilic protein X in urine. CONCLUSION: The results provide the first clinical demonstration of specific probiotic strains modifying the changes related to allergic inflammation. The data further indicate that probiotics may counteract inflammatory responses beyond the intestinal milieu. The combined effects of these probiotic strains will guide infants through the weaning period, when sensitization to newly encountered antigens is initiated. The probiotic approach may thus offer a new direction in the search for future foods for allergy treatment and prevention strategies.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed2000

Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.

Oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ingestion for 5 days to 4 weeks has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation and atopic dermatitis. To determine whether oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG may act by generating immunosuppressive mediator in atopic children. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) at a daily dose of 2 x 1010 cfu was added for 4 weeks to the diets of nine children (mean age, 21 months) with atopic dermatitis. Blood and faecal samples were collected before supplementation and at early (2 weeks) and late stage (4 and 8 weeks from the beginning). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in sera, as well as the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFNgamma in mitogen-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were assessed. Secretory IgA and TNFalpha were also determined in faeces. The serum IL-10 concentration differed significantly between before, early and late samples (P < 0.001) due to the elevation of serum IL-10 in the later phase of oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ingestion. The enhancement of IL-10 production in mitogen-induced cultures preceded the rise in serum IL-10. The enhanced IL-10 generation in vivo substantiates the anti-inflammatory properties of specific probiotic bacteria strains, and provides an additional reason for considering such treatments for patients with intestinal inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.

The ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces is related to many probiotic health effects. In the presence of Lactobacillus GG or Lact. bulgaricus, the adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 to a mucus model was more than doubled. Other tested lactobacilli did not affect the adhesion, nor was the adhesion of the lactobacilli influenced by the bifidobacteria. Co-aggregation between Bif. lactis Bb12 and the tested lactobacilli was insignificant and does not explain the observed effect. The results suggest that combinations of probiotics strains may have synergistic adhesion effects. Such specific strain combinations should also be assessed in clinical studies.

Bacterial Adhesion↗