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E Isolauri

Publications and source records attributed to E Isolauri.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.

The ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces is related to many probiotic health effects. In the presence of Lactobacillus GG or Lact. bulgaricus, the adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 to a mucus model was more than doubled. Other tested lactobacilli did not affect the adhesion, nor was the adhesion of the lactobacilli influenced by the bifidobacteria. Co-aggregation between Bif. lactis Bb12 and the tested lactobacilli was insignificant and does not explain the observed effect. The results suggest that combinations of probiotics strains may have synergistic adhesion effects. Such specific strain combinations should also be assessed in clinical studies.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2000

Importance of intestinal colonisation in the maturation of humoral immunity in early infancy: a prospective follow up study of healthy infants aged 0-6 months.

AIM: To evaluate the role of intestinal microflora and early formula feeding in the maturation of humoral immunity in healthy newborn infants. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty four healthy infants were studied. Faecal colonisation with Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium-like, and Lactobacillus-like bacteria was examined at 1, 2, and 6 months of age, and also the number of IgA-secreting, IgM-secreting, and IgG-secreting cells (detected by ELISPOT) at 0, 2, and 6 months of age. RESULTS: Intestinal colonisation with bacteria from the B fragilis group was more closely associated with maturation of IgA-secreting and IgM-secreting cells than colonisation with the other bacterial genera studied or diet. Infants colonised with B fragilis at 1 month of age had more IgA-secreting and IgM-secreting cells/10(6) mononuclear cells at 2 months of age (geometric mean (95% confidence interval) 1393 (962 to 2018) and 754 (427 to 1332) respectively) than infants not colonised (1015 (826 to 1247) and 394 (304 to 511) respectively); p = 0.04 and p = 0.009 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The type of bacteria colonising the intestine of newborns and the timing may determine the immunomodulation of the naive immune system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus from subjects in different age groups.

The number of bifidobacteria in faeces and intestinal contents has been shown to be reduced with increasing age of the subject. The adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains was tested to mucus isolated from subjects of different age. All strains bound significantly less to mucus isolated from elderly subjects, compared to mucus from the other age groups. Two of the tested strains also showed decreased adhesion to mucus isolated from 6-month-old and adult subjects compared to the adhesion to mucus from 2-month-old subjects. The results suggest that reduced adhesion may be a factor involved in the decreasing colonisation of elderly subjects by bifidobacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Breast-feeding of allergic infants.

OBJECTIVE: Infants may have allergic disease even during exclusive breast-feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether allergic infants should continue breast-feeding. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 100 infants who had atopic eczema during exclusive breast-feeding. The extent and severity of the eczema, allergic sensitization, and the patients' growth and nutrition were assessed during and after cessation of breast-feeding. RESULTS: The mean body length SD score decreased at the onset of allergic disease, and an association was seen between the duration of symptoms and poor growth (r = -.23, P =.04). Some improvement could be achieved by strict elimination diet by the mothers. The atopic eczema improved significantly after breast-feeding was stopped: SCORAD score 20 (range 15 to 27) during and 7 (range 4 to 11) after breast-feeding; t = 5.38, P <.0001, and the relative length of patients increased, in parallel with improved nutritional parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Breast-feeding should be promoted for primary prevention of allergy, but breast-fed infants with allergy should be treated by allergen avoidance, and in some cases breast-feeding should also be stopped. This particularly applies to infants with atopic eczema who also have impaired growth.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1999

Transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk: a potential regulator of atopic disease at an early age.

BACKGROUND: According to data from animal and in vitro studies, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has a crucial effect on 2 essential parts of the mucosal immune system: IgA production and oral tolerance induction. OBJECTIVE: We sought to ascertain whether TGF-beta in breast milk is associated with specific IgA production and atopic disease in human subjects. METHODS: Forty-seven infants with several atopic family members were followed during their first year of life. The concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in maternal colostrum, mature milk, and the infants' sera were determined. The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to assess the infants' specific IgA production in response to beta-lactoglobulin, casein, gliadin, and ovalbumin. RESULTS: At 12 months, atopic dermatitis was confirmed in 29 of 47 infants; in 11, atopic disease had begun during exclusive breast-feeding (preweaning onset), whereas in 18 the disease manifested itself after weaning (postweaning onset). The concentrations of both TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were higher in maternal colostrum, but not in mature milk and infants' serum, in infants with postweaning-onset atopic disease compared with those with preweaning-onset disease (P =.0008 and P =. 015, respectively). The concentration of TGF-beta2 was, and that of TGF-beta1 tended to be, higher in the colostrum of mothers whose infants had specific IgA-secreting cells at 3 months in response to at least one of the dietary antigens tested compared with those who did not have such cells (P =.048 and P =.076, respectively). CONCLUSION: TGF-beta in colostrum may prevent the development of atopic disease during exclusive breast-feeding and promote specific IgA production in human subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fatty acids in substitute formulas for cow's milk allergy.

BACKGROUND: The role of dietary fats in food-related allergic symptoms is increasingly being investigated, since the pivotal role of fat-derived inflammatory substances, e.g., leukotrienes, has been realized. The objective of this study was to describe the fatty acid composition of several commercially available infant formulas that are used as substitutes for adapted cow's milk formulas. METHODS: Samples of nine formulas (two soy, two extensively hydrolyzed casein, three extensively hydrolyzed whey, and two amino-acid-based formulas) and human milk as control were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The quantity of fatty acids in the formulas was within the breast-milk range. The percentage of energy derived from fat was below the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition recommendations in two cases, but, in the others, it roughly met the recommendations. The percentage of energy derived from linoleic acid was as recommended in all but two cases, where it was higher than recommended. As indicated by a quality indicator, the linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid ratio, altogether four formulas were within either the recommendations or the analyzed breast-milk range. In three cases, it was 1.5-2.5 and in two cases 4-5 times higher than recommended. CONCLUSIONS: There are recommendations for infant formulas to meet nutritional requirements of fat intake, and the analyzed formulas are in most cases within the suggested ranges. However, little is known of requirements in allergic or inflammatory conditions, and whether these described fatty acid compositions are pro- or anti-inflammatory.

Dietary Fats, Unsaturated↗
PubMed1999

Mode of delivery directs the phagocyte functions of infants for the first 6 months of life.

Factors that direct the immune responsiveness of the newborn beyond the immediate post-natal period are not known. We investigated the influence of mode of delivery and type of feeding on the phagocyte activity during the first 6 months of life. Sixty-four healthy infants (34 delivered vaginally and 30 by elective Caesarean section) were studied at birth and at the ages of 2 and 6 months. Phagocyte functions were studied by measuring the chemiluminescence (CL) activity of whole blood and isolated leucocytes and by investigating the expression of phagocyte receptors (FcgammaRI (CD64), FcgammaRII (CD32), FcgammaRIII (CD16), CR1 (CD35), CR3 (CD11b) and FcalphaR (CD89)) on neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils by using receptor-specific MoAbs and immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Infants born by elective Caesarean section had significantly higher CL activity than those delivered vaginally during the entire 6-month follow up. In addition, infants who received formula feeds had significantly higher CL activity at 6 months of age and higher expression of FcgammaRI-, Fcalpha- and CR3-receptors on neutrophils than infants exclusively breast-fed. We suggest that stress reaction associated with labour influences the phagocytic activity measured in the cord blood but later during infancy the intraluminal antigens, gut microflora and diet, become important determinants in immune programming of human individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antiproliferative effects of homogenates derived from five strains of candidate probiotic bacteria.

Unheated and heat-treated homogenates were separately prepared from candidate probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus. We compared the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of mononuclear cells in the presence of homogenates and in the presence of a control containing no homogenate by assessing thymidine incorporation in cell cultures. All homogenates suppressed proliferation, whether the enzymatic activity was inactivated or not inactivated by heating. When the proliferation assays were repeated with cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts derived from the homogenate of L. rhamnosus GG, the cytoplasmic extract but not the cell wall extract was suppressive. These findings indicate that candidate probiotic bacteria possess a heat-stable antiproliferative component(s). These bacteria may be used to generate microbiologically nonviable yet immunologically active probiotic food products that are easier to store and have a longer shelf life.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1999

Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with respiratory infections: a randomized study.

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial treatment may disturb the colonization resistance of gastrointestinal microflora, which may induce clinical symptoms, most commonly diarrhea. The severity of antibiotic-associated diarrhea may range from a brief, self-limiting disease to devastating diarrhea with electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, crampy abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, or even death. The incidence of diarrhea in children receiving a single antimicrobial treatment is unclear. In addition to more critical use of antimicrobials, adjunctive preventive measures to antibiotic-associated diarrhea are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of diarrhea after antimicrobial treatment in children with no history of antimicrobial use during the previous 3 months. Another aim of this study was to assess the preventive potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (Lactobacillus GG; American Type Culture Collection 53103), a probiotic strain with a documented safety record and a therapeutic effect in viral gastroenteritis on antibiotic-associated diarrhea. METHODS: Oral antimicrobial agents were prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory infections at the clinics of the Health Care Center of the City of Tampere or Tampere University Hospital, Finland, to 167 patients who were invited to participate in the study. Of the patients, 48 were lost to follow-up; therefore, the final study population consisted of 119 children from 2 weeks to 12. 8 years of age (mean: 4.5 years). All study subjects met the inclusion criteria: they had not received any antimicrobial medication during the previous 3 months, they did not suffer from gastrointestinal disorders, and they did not need intravenous antimicrobial treatment. The patients were randomized to receive placebo or 2 x 10(10) colony-forming units of Lactobacillus GG in capsules given twice daily during the antimicrobial treatment. Lactobacillus GG and placebo capsules were indistinguishable in appearance and taste. The parents kept a daily symptom diary and recorded stool frequency and consistency at home for 3 months. Diarrhea was defined as at least three watery or loose stools per day for a minimum of 2 consecutive days. In the case of diarrhea, viral (adenovirus, rotavirus, calicivirus and astrovirus) and bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeasts) analyses were studied in fecal samples. The metabolic activity of the gut microflora was assessed by analysis of fecal urease, beta-glucosidase, and beta-glucuronidase activities. The primary outcome measure was diarrhea during the first 2 weeks after the beginning of the antimicrobial treatment, because this period most likely reflects the effects of antimicrobial use. Secondary outcome measures were the activities of fecal urease, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosidase. RESULTS: On the entire follow-up, 80% of any gastrointestinal symptoms were reported during the first 2 weeks after the beginning of the antimicrobial treatment. The incidence of diarrhea was 5% in the Lactobacillus GG group and 16% in the placebo group within 2 weeks of antimicrobial therapy (chi(2) = 3.82). The treatment effect (95% confidence interval) of Lactobacillus GG was -11% (-21%-0%). In diarrheal episodes, the viral and bacterial analyses were positive for Clostridium difficile in 2 cases and for Norwalk-like calicivirus in 3 cases. The age of the patients with diarrhea was between 3 months and 5 years in 75% of cases in both groups. The severity of diarrhea was comparable in the study groups, as evidenced by similar stool frequency (mean: 5 per day; range: 3-6) and the duration of diarrhea (mean: 4 days; range: 2-8). The activities of fecal urease and beta-glucuronidase, but not beta-glucosidase, changed significantly after the beginning of the antimicrobial treatment in the Lactobacillus GG group and in the placebo group alike. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Dietary fatty acids and allergy.

The increase in the prevalence of atopic diseases has recently been linked to altered consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). As typical Western diets contain almost 10 times more linoleic acid (18:2 omega-6) than alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 omega-3), it is the metabolism of the former that predominates. Subsequently produced arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids alter the balance of T-helper cells type 1 and type 2 thus favouring the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E. In atopic subjects, the impact of this excessive eicosanoid production may be further strengthened as a result of changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism exacerbated by substrate availability. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids can have marked influence on both specific and nonspecific immune responses in modifying eicosanoid production and replacing omega-6 fatty acids in cell membranes. Therefore, it is concluded that careful manipulation of dietary PUFAs may play a key role in the successful management of inflammation associated with atopic diseases.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1999

New functional foods in the treatment of food allergy.

Over the last two decades atopic diseases have increased in prevalence and severity in the industrialized countries. Food allergy is frequently the first manifestation of these disorders. Currently food allergy is mainly treated with elimination diets. However, this approach to control allergic inflammation by empirical elimination diets has not proved totally satisfactory. Applying therapeutic elimination diets in clinically documented allergy to a specific food has been shown to alleviate symptoms and reverse some disturbances of humoral and cell-mediated immune response. These diets are, however, associated with the risk of inadequate nutrition in infants with allergies to foods of vital importance. New approaches to the management of food allergy, such as for example immunotherapy for counteracting the hypersensitivity process and for potentiating the gut barrier mechanisms, are therefore needed. Diet remains an important element in this approach as sensitization to dietary antigens is frequently transient and is reversed to antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness. However, it represents an initial link in the development of more permanent sensitization to aeroallergens.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1998

The ability of probiotic bacteria to bind to human intestinal mucus.

Human mucus was isolated from faecal samples of newborns, two and six month old infants and adults. The adhesion to this mucus by the bacteria mentioned below was assessed in vitro. Depending on the age group: 44-46% of the applied Lactobacillus GG, 23-30% of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, 9-14% of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJ-1, 3-10% of Lactobacillus salivarius LM2-118, Lactobacillus crispatus M247, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and 2% of L. crispatus Mu5 adhered. All the strains adhered better to the mucus of adults than to that of infants. With some of the strains significant differences between the infant age groups were also observed. In conclusion, the age of the target group may be worthy of consideration when planning a schedule for probiotic or functional food therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Elimination diet in cow's milk allergy: risk for impaired growth in young children.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional impact of therapeutic elimination diets and to identify risk factors predisposing infants with food allergy to poor growth. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 100 children (mean age 7 months) with atopic dermatitis and challenge-proven cow's milk allergy and evaluated their growth during the symptomatic period before diagnosis and during the therapeutic elimination diet. RESULTS: Clinical control of symptoms was achieved in all patients. The mean length SD score and weight-for-length index of patients decreased compared with those in healthy age-matched children, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.03, respectively. Low serum albumin was present in 6% of the patients, 24% had an abnormal urea concentration, and 8% had a low serum phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid. The delay in growth was more pronounced in a subgroup of patients with early onset than in those with later of symptoms (F = 6.665, p < 0.0001). The duration of breast-feeding correlated positively with the sum of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.39, p = 0.001) and with the relative amount of docosahexaenoic acid (r = 0.36, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A delicate balance exists between the benefits and the risks of elimination diets.

Case-Control Studies↗