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Biomedical subjects

E Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to E Kaiser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hypoxia-mediated induction of endothelial cell interleukin-1 alpha. An autocrine mechanism promoting expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on the vessel surface.

Tissue injury that accompanies hypoxemia/reoxygenation shares features with the host response in inflammation, suggesting that cytokines, such as IL-1, may act as mediators in this setting. Human endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to hypoxia (PO2 approximately 12-14 Torr) elaborated IL-1 activity into conditioned media in a time-dependent manner; this activity was completely neutralized by an antibody to IL-1 alpha. Production of IL-1 activity by hypoxic ECs was associated with an increase in the level of mRNA for IL-1 alpha, and was followed by induction of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during reoxygenation. During reoxygenation there was a three- to five-fold increased adherence of leukocytes, partly blocked by antibodies to endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and ICAM-1. Suppressing endothelial-derived IL-1, using either antibodies to IL-1 alpha, specific antisense oligonucleotides or the IL-1 receptor antagonist, decreased leukocyte adherence to reoxygenated ECs, emphasizing the integral role of IL-1 in the adherence phenomenon. Mice subjected to hypoxia (PO2 approximately 30-40 Torr) displayed increased plasma levels of IL-1 alpha, induction of IL-1 alpha mRNA in the lung, and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 in pulmonary tissue compared with normoxic controls. These data suggest that hypoxia is a stimulus which induces EC synthesis and release of IL-1 alpha, resulting in an autocrine enhancement in the expression of adhesion molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathomorphologic findings in short-tailed voles (Microtus agrestis) experimentally-infected with Frenkelia microti.

Following oral infection of Microtus agrestis with sporocysts of Frenkelia microti, transient focal necrosis and cellular infiltrations in the liver, hyperplasia of lymphoid organs, and inflammatory infiltrations in the heart, pulmonary veins, skeletal muscles and brain occurred during the first asexual multiplication period of the parasite in the liver. Frenkelia cysts were first observed in the brain 23 days after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Life cycle of Frenkelia. IV. Pathomorphological findings in the organs of experimentally infected bank voles].

In 1975 the buzzard (Buteo buteo) was found to be the final host of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis. After this discovery it became possible to investigate systematically the pathomorphology of the infection in the intermediate host, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Fifty bank voles were infected orally with a suspension of sporocysts recovered from the faeces of experimentally infected buzzards. Each rodent receive 7000 sporocysts. Six controls each were given a faecal suspension from a non-infected buzzard. The voles were killed between 1 and 140 days after infection and examined histologically. Between the 5th and 8th day of the infection during the schizogonic multiplication of the parasite a focal necrosis of liver cells and of the liver parenchyma is observed followed by a reversible resorptive inflammation associated with siderophagia and the occurrence of giant cells. The spleen was spodogenously enlarged up to twice its normal size. There also was haemosiderosis of the bone marrow, the liver and the spleen up to 25 days after infection. At the same time the erythropoiesis in the bone morrow, the spleen and in the lymph nodes increased; there also was a lymphoid hyperplasia in spleen and lymph nodes. About 10 days after infection a reversible infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells developed in the liver, heart and brain. This infiltration was again detectable as perivascular and meningeal reactions in the brain after the 49th day after infection. The second asexual multiplication of the parasite was seen histologically in the grey and white matter of the central nervous system after the 18th day of infection. The developing cysts increased in size continuously thereby compressing the surrounding nervous tissue. Disseminated focal necrosis with resorptive inflammatory components was prominent in the parenchyma of the brain after the 49th day of infection. It was possible to differentiate between damage in single organs and systemic pathological lesions. The lesions in single organs were directly connected with the development of parasitic stages in the liver (schizonts) and in the brain (cysts). The generalized lesions occurred in the haemopoietic system after an impairment of the blood during the first asexual multiplication. They also occurred in the immunocytic systems after the first and during the second asexual multiplication and during the relatively late cystic phase of the parasite in the brain. The pathogenesis of the disintegration of blood cells is not clear. The immunocytic reaction can be considered an immunological response of the host against the parasite. The effect of the development of the cysts on the function and structure of the central nervous system is expected to lead to an increasing impairment of the motility of the intermediate host.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of menstrual hygiene (tampons vs pads) and of the form of contraception on pH and bacterial infection of the vagina].

In menstrual hygiene vaginal tampons are preferred. Supposedly intravaginal application causes discharge. Healthy women using pads as well as tampons were examined before, during, and after menstruation. During two menstrual cycles vaginal pH was measured, bacteriological and mycological cultures were set up. The results indicated no changes of cervical-vaginal-secretion, nor was the pH changed. Taking the used contraceptive method into consideration, we found that intrauterine devices and oral contraceptives caused most of bacterial discharge and the expected shifting to alcaline pH. No increase of vaginal fungus was noted. The use of intravaginal tampons for menstrual bleeding therefore had no ill effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Contributions to the life-cycle of Frenkelia. II. The asexual development of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis in the bank vole (author's transl)].

A description of the asexual development of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis in the European bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is given as observed in experimental infections with sporocysts from buzzards' faeces. Between the 5th and the 8th day following the oral administration of sporocysts a first schizogony could be observed in liver parenchymal cells of the mammalian host. In impression smears the banana-shaped merozoites measured on an average 7.6 X 2.2 mum. Only after the 18th day were small round cysts filled with metrocytes detected in the brain and spinal cord. During the first month after infection the cysts increased their size only gradually measuring 15 to 40 mum. After 2 months they accelerated their growth and reached in the course of 3-4 months a diameter of 300 to 400 mum. Cyst formation could not be observed in organs other than the central nervous system. Cysts older than half a year frequently showed central degeneration, but in all cases viable cystozoites persisted in the peripheral zones. The infection could be transmitted from vole to vole by intraperitoneal injection of merozoites in a suspension of liver cells from the 7th day p.i. Congential infections did not occur in the offspring of mothers infected during or before pregnancy. The infectivity of the final products of the sexual development in the buzzard is limited to the bank vole.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Effects of lowly dosed gestagen pill Exlutona on carbohydrate and fat metabolism (author's transl)].

Due to the precautions stopping of megestrol containing oral contraceptives the prescription of oral contraceptives has again become problematic. Oral contraceptives taken over a longer period can cause occasionally side effects which then cause a stopping of these medicaments. In order to get a survey of possible effects on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism 60 patients at the age of 16-26 years who had not been pregnant were observed over a longer period and their laboratory parameters (serum insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids) were controlled. Significant changes were only found in the total lipids in the sense of a reduction of the total lipid level. A marked reduction was found with the triglycerides. Basing on these results and taking into consideration the occasionally occurring menstrual irregularity this lowly dosed gestagen pill Exlutona can be recommended not only to young girls but also to patients who often suffer from a relative contraindication because of adiposity, hypertension and subclinical diabetes.

Adolescent↗