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Biomedical subjects

E Kolb

Publications and source records attributed to E Kolb.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The content of fresh material, DNA and RNA in different tissues of turkeys during growth. 2. Analysis of the myocardium, the liver, the lungs, the kidney, the pancreas, the spleen and the duodenum].

The highest DNA concentration so far recorded from organs of turkey chicken one day after hatching was the lung value of 8.61 +/- 0.20 mg/g of fresh matter, while the lowest level amounted to 1.92 +/- 0.11 mg/g and was linked to the myocardium. DNA concentrations in the spleen went up from 5.93 +/- 0.26 mg/g on the first day to 13.04 +/- 0.93 mg/g on the 224th day. The highest total amount of DNA on the 224th day was 314.6 +/- 30.23 mg/g in the liver. A high RNA concentration on the first day from hatching was 8.74 +/- 0.14 mg/g in the liver and the lowest 2.51 +/- 0.12 mg/g in the myocardium. DNA levels for the whole period under review (first through 224th days) rose by the following factors: 246.3 in the spleen, 87.4 in the pancreas, 76.6 in the liver, 60 in the duodenum, 40.5 in the kidneys, 18 in the lung, and 31.3 in the myocardium. Functional implications relating to DNA, RNA, and protein variations are discussed in some detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The content of Hb and the hematocrit value in blood and the total proteins, urea, glucose, free fatty acids, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pa, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of Warmblood horses during feeding with oat-hay or barley-hay rations over a period of 9 months].

4 horses (Group A) received an oat-hay ration, through 9 months running, while 3 horses (Group B) were fed a barley-hay ration over the same period of time. Blood samples were collected and examined in 4-week intervals. All values considered, no differences were found to exist between the 2 groups with regard to Hb and haematocrit in blood as well as to protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron fixation capacity, copper, and zinc in blood plasma. The urea level in plasma of Group A was higher than that in Group B, values being 5.76 +/- 0.64 mmol/l and 5.14 +/- 0.72 mmol/l. The same applied to free fatty acids, values being 150 +/- 83 mumols/l in Group A and 95 +/- 42 mumols/l in Group B. Calcium was 3.10 +/- 0.27 mmol/l in Group A and 2.92 +/- 0.26 mmol/l in Group B, while the A-B difference in inorganic phosphorus amounted to 1.62 +/- 0.65 against 1.99 +/- 0.77 mmol/l. Group A was inferior to Group B also with regard to iron in plasma, values being 28.6 +/- 2.42 mumols/l against 32.8 +/- 4.62 mumol/l. Causes underlying these differences are discussed in some detail.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

[The content of Hb in blood and the protein, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in blood plasma of low parity sows before and after oral iron administration].

In investigations of 51 pregnant sows, blood Hb levels above 7.45 mmol/l (mean value of 8.94 +/- 0.88) were recorded from 43 animals (Group A), while levels below that margin were recorded from eight (Group B) (mean value of 6.73 +/- 0.31). Iron levels in blood plasma of Group A were 36.9 +/- 8.07 and were thus higher (p less than 0.01) than those in Group B (28.9 +/- 5.19 mumol/l). No difference was found to exist between the two groups with regard to iron fixation capacity as well as copper and zinc in blood plasma. Oral uptake of 50, 500 or 2,000 mg of iron in the form of FeSO4.7H2O with cereal shred as morning ration by 17 or 15 sows failed to cause any increase in blood plasma iron levels, within 360 minutes from uptake. Literature data as well as the results of these analyses have supported the recommendation that Hb variations between 4.96 and 9.93 mmol/l (8-16 g/dl) should be rated as physiological in the blood of pregnant sows. The GDR Standard TGL 35,423 on "Monitoring of Metabolism on Pig Breeding and Fattening Units" should be accordingly amended.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of intravenous administration of arginine and glycine on the blood plasma content of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and total alpha-amino-N-compounds in lambs of different ages].

Intravenous infusion of 0.5 mmol/kg B.W. to lambs aged eight to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, and 29 to 35 days led to higher blood plasma levels of insulin and total alpha-amino-N. Rises were stronger and longer lasting after infusion of 1.25 mmol/kg B.W. of arginine. Blood plasma levels of glucose and free fatty acids were temporarily decreased in response to infusion. Infusion to lambs aged between eight and 14 days of 0.5 mmol/kg B.W. of glycin did not change insulin, glucose nor free fatty acids, though total alpha-amino-N was very slightly increased for very short time. Infusion of 1.25 mmol/kg B.W. of glycin proved less effective than that of arginine with regard to higher levels of insulin and total alpha-amino-N.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Recent biochemical nutrition knowledge in relation to metabolism and the significance of essential fatty acids and n-3-fatty acids contained in fish].

A survey is given on some newer knowledge about metabolism and about the importance of the essential fatty acids and of the n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenic, docosapentaenic, docosahexaenic acids) which occur in fish oils. In the body the linoleic acid via intermediate steps can be transformed into the arachidonic acid, from which various prostaglandins and leucotriens as well as the thromboxane A2 can be formed. The transformation of the linolenic acid into the eicosapentaenic acid is slight in man. The docosahexaenic acid is necessary for the construction of phospholipids in the brain and in the retina. The uptake of fish fatty acids inhibits the formation of thromboxane A2 and of leukotriens from the arachidonic acid. The fish fatty acids further in the liver in the peroxisomas the activity of the enzymes for the beta-oxidation; the formation of lipoproteins of high density increases under their influence: the triacylglyceride content, the cholesterol as well as the lipoprotein content of very low and low density decreases, when there is an adequate part of fish fatty acids in the nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Several recent advances in the significance and properties of interleukins].

The interleukins play an important role as intensifying molecules in the activation of the immune system in infections and inflammation processes. Antigens are worked up by macrophages and B-lymphocytes, whereby partly develop particularly intensively antigen-effective compounds. The uptake of antigens in macrophages evokes the formation of interleukin 1 which has multivarious effects. The macrophages and the B-lymphocytes present the antigens worked up after uptake into the cell membrane to certain forms of T-lymphocytes which thus are stimulated to the formation of the interleukins 2 to 6. The interleukins 2 and 4 promote the increase of certain forms of T-lymphocytes and the formation of cytotoxically acting T-lymphocytes. The interleukin 3 is of importance for the increase of stem cells of the bone-marrow and for their differentiation. The interleukins 4, 5, and 6 promote the increase of certain B-lymphocytes. In the liver the interleukins 1 and 6 stimulate the formation of numerous proteins which have influence on inflammation processes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1989

[Recent knowledge of the structure and function of lactoferrin and ferritin].

A survey of recent knowledge on structure and importance of lactoferrin and ferritin is given. Lactoferrin is a symmetrically constructed glycoprotein which appears in the milk and in the body fluids and develops a bacteriostatic efficiency on account of the ability to Fe-binding together with other factors such as the IgA. In a particularly high concentration it is contained in the colostral milk of the woman. In the milk of the cattle the content is small. In the neutrophil granulocytes it is of importance for the functional ability in the phagocytosis. The ferritins are spherically constructed molecules which possess channels through which Fe-ions (up to 4,500 pro molecule) can be taken up or taken off. The ferritin content in the serum is correlated with the Fe-content of the liver and is dependent upon age as well as the Fe-supply. It decreases in Fe-deficiency: it increases in iron overload, in infectious diseases, in inflammation as well as in tumour development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Some recent facts on the function of macrophages and their modification].

A survey is given of the occurrence, the biochemical qualities and the various functions of macrophages. By binding of gamma-interferon and of waste products of bacteria they are activated and increasedly give off interleukin 1 and other compounds, which play a part in the evocation of the immune reaction and the inflammatory processes. The interleukin 1 causes the evocation of fever, an increase of the secretion of corticoliberin and of ACTH, an increase of the formation of the proteins which are increasedly effective in the acute phase of the inflammation as well as an activation of B- and T-lymphocytes. For the phagocytosis, among others, the fibronectin is of importance, the content of which in the blood plasma is greatly reduced in sepsis and after severe burns. In macrophages an elaboration of numerous antigens takes place which are then transferred into the membrane and under participation of glycoproteins of MCH II cause an activation of T-lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Recent biochemical viewpoints on the development of tumors and the effect of nutrition].

DNA-analyses of the cytoblasts in many types of tumour cells show that in a considerable part an activation of certain protooncogens by mutation, translocation, amplification or deletion is present. Thus a dysregulation of the transcription is evoked. Changes in the structure of the protooncogens may be induced by numerous connections which are partly taken with the food and may be formed in the gastro-intestinal tract, respectively. In many forms of tumours an immunosuppression develops. In experimental animals the development of a tumour after administration of a carcinogen is furthered by a large content of the food of multifariously unsaturated fatty acids of certain chain length. A permanently unphysiologically high consumption of fat as well as of meat rich in fat and of sausages with simultaneously small intake of fruit and vegetables increases the risk of the formation of tumours of the colon and of the lactiferous gland. Aspects of the tumour prophylaxis concerning the physiology of nutrition are discussed.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Tolerance to Mlsa by clonal deletion of V beta 6+ T cells in bone marrow and thymus chimeras.

To evaluate the rules of tolerance induction to Mlsa we investigated maturation of T cells in irradiation bone marrow chimeras and thymus transplanted mice expressing the strongly stimulatory Mlsa or the nonstimulatory Mlsb in presence or absence of the permissive MHC class II IE molecule. As shown previously, deletion of V beta 6+, Mlsa reactive T cells required the presence of Mlsa and IE products either on donor cells or on recipient tissue. Additional experiments revealed that tolerance was induced when Mlsa and IE were expressed by distinct cells of the chimera. Similar observations were made in chimeras reconstituted with bone marrow stem cells of two different strains of mice. The presented data confirm earlier evidence that tolerance is induced by cooperation of Mlsa-expressing cells and IE+ Mlsb antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Preliminary results suggest that APCs presenting Mlsa during negative selection of V beta 6+ cells in the thymus are radiosensitive and derived from lymphohemopoietic stem cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The content of Hb in blood and proteins, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of sows and their piglets at the time of birth, after the uptake of colostrum and with different Fe supply].

Keeping of piglets on slatted metal floor, without complementary iron supply, caused anaemia within seven days from parturition. Hb levels in the blood dropped from 7.00 +/- 1.16 to 3.47 +/- 0.74 mmol/l. Iron deficit reduced growth and vitality. The iron levels in blood plasma of the piglets tested varied between 5 and 35 mumol/l, immediately after parturition. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of Fe-dextran (150 mg Fe) on the first day after parturition resulted in physiological iron levels in blood plasma, after seven days. Yet, when 14 days had passed, the levels were similar to those recorded from piglets without additional iron supply. Iron bonding capacity of blood plasma increased in piglets of all groups up to the seventh day from birth. Death occurred, on the second day of age, to many piglets with protein levels below 50 g/l plasma. Copper levels in blood plasma of newborn piglets were below those recordable from sows, but they went up by more than three times of their original values up to the seventh day from birth. In piglets, zinc, levels of blood plasma after parturition were higher than those of sows and went up by some 50 percent, within seven days from birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of intravenous administration of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate to lambs aged 8-45 days on the blood plasma content of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and total alpha-amino-N].

Massive dose injections of butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate (1.25 mmol/kg body weight) as well as of physiological saline solutions were applied to 4 groups of lambs aged 8 to 15, 16 to 22, 23 to 29, and 30 to 45 days. Blood samples were drawn prior to infusion as well as 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes from mid-infusion. Original glucose and insulin levels in the blood plasma of 87 lambs had been 5.24 +/- 0.85 mmol/l or 191 +/- 106 pmol/l, respectively. Infusion of these solutions led to temporary rise in blood plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids. The highest insulin level increase resulted from isovalerate infusion. Total alpha amino nitrogen in blood plasma went down. It appeared to be obvious that lambs, even before their forestomachs came into action, responded to infusion of volatile fatty acids by increase in insulin secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The hematocrit values and hemoglobin content of blood and the level of total protein, free fatty acids, glucose, lactate, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Pa, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of newborn calves and their mothers immediately after birth].

Blood samples were collected from 22 calves in three weight classes (A: 29.3 +/- 0.5 kg, B: 36.0 +/- 1.3 kg, C: 42.7 +/- 3.7 kg), 1-3 minutes after parturition and prior to uptake of foremilk as well as 24-26 hours after parturition. Other blood samples were collected from 45 calves, 5-60 minutes after parturition, and from their mothers, 3-5 or 5-60 minutes from calving. Haematocrit and haemoglobin in the blood of the calves, immediately after parturition, were higher the values recorded from adult cattle. Major differences were found to exist between individual calves regarding total protein of blood plasma. Protein levels in 14 calves were below 50 g/l, within 24-26 hours from parturition. Free fatty acids in blood plasma of calves were lower than those in cattle, 1-3 minutes from parturition, and were higher, 5-60 minutes from parturition. Glucose levels in Group C were higher than those in A and B, 1-3 minutes postpartum. Lactate in Group C was higher than that in B. An account is also given of blood plasma levels of Ca, Pa, Mg, Na, K, Cu, and Zn.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The content of ascorbic acids in different tissues of cattle, normally developed piglets, splay-legged piglets, adult swine and dogs].

The following ascorbic acid levels were recorded from different organs of cattle, with all values quoted being related to mg/100 g fresh matter: 150 +/- 20 in pituitary gland, 170 +/- 40 in left adrenal gland, 45.5 +/- 12.5 in spleen, 38.1 +/- 7.3 in liver, 30.0 +/- 8.5 in cerebrum, 23.2 +/- 7.2 in cerebellum, 16.4 +/- 6.1 in kidney, 11.0 +/- 2.9 in heart, and 9.1 +/- 2.1 in M. longissimus dorsi. The ascorbic acid level in blood plasma of normally developed piglets was 6.5 +/- 2.7 mg/dl and was thus higher with significance (p less than 0.01) than that recorded from splayleg piglets which was 2.3 +/- 0.96 mg/dl. The levels in the M. semimembranosus and M. semitendinosus in piglets of moderate birth weight were higher, as well (p less than 0.05). The liver level in pigs for slaughter was 30.8 +/- 9.0 mg/100 g lower than that in piglets. Piglets exhibited genetically founded differences in their capability of biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. The highest ascorbic acid level in dog was recorded from the pituitary and adrenal glands, values being 135.5 +/- 7.5 mg/100 g fresh matter or 90.3 +/- 37.8 mg/100 g. Their liver level was 27.9 +/- 11.9 mg/100 g.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Relation of iron supply and iron metabolism to infectious diseases and parasitoses and the competence of the immune system].

In many infectious diseases and in several parasitoses the iron content in the blood plasma occasionally decreases. By reduction of the saturation of the transferrins with iron the bactericidal effect of the blood plasma is increased. In these cases the iron absorption into the liver is increased and the iron excretion from the reticulohistiocytic system decreased. The oral intake of easily soluble iron compounds which goes far beyond the need repeatedly an enteral increase of germs of Yersinia enterocolitica and a transition into the blood, respectively, was stated. The parenteral administration of Fe-dextran from time to time leads to an enrichment of this compound in macrophages, the performance of phagocytosis of which is thus restricted. The iron deficiency decreases the functional capacity of the immune system. The functional ability of the T- and B-lymphocytes as well as of the macrophages is reduced. The importance of the transferrins, of haemopexin, of haptoglobin and of lactoferrin for the defense of infections is demonstrated.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗