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Biomedical subjects

E Kolb

Publications and source records attributed to E Kolb.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Some new biochemical knowledge on the effect of nutritional factors on brain function].

A survey is given of the importance of the sufficient supply of the brain with amino acids, with glucose, fatty substances (in particular with linoleic acid), with vitamins (A, E, B1, B2, B6, nicotinamide, choline, B12), with mineral substances and with trace elements (in particular with Fe, Zn, and Cu), taking into particular consideration findings of animal experiments. The transport capacity for the transfer of the substrates and essential nutritional factors into the nerve cells is different. In a high activity the formation of noradrenaline, of acetyl choline and of serotonin is in certain nerve cells influenced by the size of the uptake of the molecules necessary for this. By a protein-rich nutrition the formation of the noradrenaline and acetyl choline which are important for the maintenance of the waking state, by a carbohydrate-rich diet the formation of the serotonin which is among others important for the evocation of sleep are furthered.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

[Recent knowledge of the biochemical significance of proto-oncogenes, their activation and development of tumors].

In each cytoblast of mammals about 30 protooncogenes are present which during the embryonic, the fetal and the postnatal development, respectively, in certain cell types may temporarily or permanently be used for the formation of certain proteins. A part of these proteins is of importance for the furthering of the division (DNA-replication) and the differentiation of the cells. According to the qualities in the proteins formed by protooncogenes the protein kinases, the GTP binding proteins and the DNA binding proteins are differentiated. Under the influence of carcinogens and of cocarcinogens several protooncogenes are changed in their structure and displaced, respectively, within certain chromosomes. Thus they are transduced into oncogenes and evoke an increased formation of transforming proteins which initiate a dysregulation of the transcription in the nucleus. Several aspects of the activation of protooncogenes, of the development of tumours as well as of the origination of tumours by recessive mutation are described.

Gene Amplification↗
PubMed1987

[New knowledge of the structure and action of animal cell growth and hematopoiesis-regulating factors].

A survey is given of several new growth factors from tissues of animals, in particular of the endothelia cell growth factor (= heparin-binding growth factors), the multipotent growth factors from brain of cattle, the prostatropins as well as the growth factors for fibroblasts and glia-cells. Several more recent recognitions on the importance of the insulinlike growth factors, the tumour growth factors and the chalones are described. For the regulation of the haemotopoiesis the factor furthering the formation of multicolonies (= pluripoetin, interleukin 3), the factor furthering the formation of erythrocyte-macrophages colonies, the factor furthering the formation of macrophage-colonies and the erythropoietin are of importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Anesthesia for nuclear magnetic resonance tomography (NMR)].

The NMR-Tomography as a new imaging device is still in the experimental stage for clinical use. It has distinct advantages in comparison to other conventional methods especially when considering special indications and clinical considerations. In some cases NMR-Tomography can only be carried out when a patient is under general anesthesia. This anesthesia must be performed in accordance with the basic nature of this imaging method, i.e. one always has to remember that no ferromagnetic material can be used in the vicinity of the apparatus. With our described method a certain and safe performance of general anesthesia for NMR-Tomography is possible.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

[Recent knowledge about the significance of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D and the development of genetically-induced rickets].

Receptors for the binding of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D are present in many cell types and are of importance for the regulation of the transcription and function. The 1,25-hydroxyvitamin-D-receptor complexes are in the cells under physiological conditions mainly in the nucleus. The 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D already in a very low concentration in the bone cells further the replication of the DNA and the division of the cells, in the lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary the secretion of prolactin, in the B-cells the secretion of insulin and in the epidermis the formation of keratin. In the parathyroid gland it restricts the formation of preproparathormone and in the cultures of lymphocytes the division of cells evoked by the addition of mitogens. The multiplication of various forms of tumour cells and their metastatic spread is inhibited by the administration of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The equipment with receptors for the 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D is regulated. Biochemical aspects of the development of the 3 different forms of genetically conditioned rachitis are shown.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1986

[New knowledge and aspects in the use of biotechnology].

The clarification of the structure and the function of deoxyribonucleic acids with hereditary properties (genes) has led to the development of methods for their biochemical and chemical synthesis, respectively. Such synthetic genes may be introduced in bacterial cells with the help of carrier-DNA (vectors, e.g. plasmid- or bacteriophage-DNA) and may be used for the production of certain hormones (proinsulin, growth hormone), medicaments (interferons) and vaccines (e.g. covering proteins of viruses and of peptides from such ones respectively. Genes may also be introduced into the pronuclei of the zygote of mammals. Then in the germs, however, appear considerable losses. The creation of descendants with the same hereditary factors is possible in mammals up to now only by the dismemberment of the germ up to the eight-cell-stage. It is referred to ethical aspects of the use of gene-technical methods. Several problems in the application of biotechnical techniques in the reproduction are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[New knowledge in the biochemistry and function of ion channels].

Newer realizations concerning the structure and the function of various forms of ion canals are described. The Na- and K-ion channels occur in a particularly great number in certain membrane regions of nerve cells and muscle fibres and cause the formation and distribution of bioelectric signals. In the K-ion channels various types with different function appear in single cell forms. The Ca-ion channels play a role in the regulation of the release of neurotransmitters and of peptide hormones from granules as well as in the contraction of the heart and skeletal musculature. The ion channels are constructed by various proteins, in certain sections they specifically bind certain toxins and medicaments. The acetyl choline receptor consists of 5 subunits and acts as ion channels for Na- and K-ions; this is opened for a short time after binding of 2 molecules of acetyl choline to the alpha-subunits. The properties of the channel proteins are influenced by phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[New knowledge about signal transmission through the cell membrane and mechanisms of action of growth factors].

Growth factors are proteins or peptides which evoke the replication of the nuclear DNA and thus cell division. A survey is given of the structure, the importance and the mechanism of action of the biochemically exactly characterized growth factors. The epidermal growth factor consists of 53 amino acids and is made over outwardly by proteolysis from a large precursor molecule in the membrane: it is attached to a receptor of the cell membrane consisting of three large parts, by means of which the intracellularly lying part of the receptor becomes effective as proteinkinase and phosphorylizes the parts of the receptor as well as adjacently lying proteins. This acts as a signal for the beginning of the phase of the DNA-synthesis (replication) in the chromosomes. The receptor for the epidermal growth factor has a high degree of structure similarity with the insulin receptor which is also active as proteinkinase after insulin binding. The importance of the decomposition of phosphatidylinosite and of its phosphate esters in binding of certain ligands to receptors is shown.

Aged↗